Aberration Dmel\R(1)2

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\R(1)2	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBab0005891
Feature type	ring_chromosome	Created / Updated	2006-08-22/2006-08-22

Formalized genetic data
Sequence coordinates
Deleted segment
Duplicated segment
Computed Breakpoints include	1A3-1A4;19F1-20A1
Breakpoints Inherited
Nature of the Aberration
Cytological Order	\| 1A4 - 20 . 20F - 20A1 \|
Progenitor	C(1)RM
Mutagen	spontaneous detachment
Class of aberration (relative to progenitor)	ring_chromosome
Breakpoints
Causes alleles	bb^BG
Carries alleles	y⁺
Transposon Insertions
Genetic mapping information
Comments
Comments on Cytology
	All limits from polytene analysis (citation unavailable)
Molecularly Mapped Breakpoints

Sequence Crossreferences
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name
Gene Deletion & Duplication Data
Genes Deleted / Disrupted
Complementation Data
Molecular Data
Genes NOT Deleted / Disrupted
Complementation Data
Molecular Data
Genes Duplicated
Complementation Data
Molecular Data
Genes NOT Duplicated
Complementation Data
Molecular Data
Related Comments

Phenotypic Data
In combination with other aberrations
NOT in combination with other aberrations	More viable than R(1)1; X/0 male survives. Ordinarily, ring elimination less than 1% (Battacharya, 1950, Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh, B 64: 199-215; Braver and Blount, 1950, Genetics 35: 98), but nearly 20% of the first progeny of 11-day-old females crossed to ring-bearing males are gynandromorphs (Hannah, 1955, Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl. 86: 600-21). Number of male nuclei in eggs of gynandromorphs varies greatly, suggesting that loss of the ring X may occur more than once and that it may take place as late as the ninth cleavage (Zalokar, 1980, Cell 19: 133-41). Crossing over reduced in ring/rod heterozygote; only double crossovers recovered. Exceptional males result from 4-strand double exchange in R(1)2/+ female.
Position Effect Variegation Data

Stocks ( 21 )
Bloomington	4046 R(1)2, f¹/R(Y)bw⁺; bw¹ 711 R(1)2, Tp(3;1)O5, f¹/C(1)DX, y¹ f¹ 4075 R(1)2, y¹ ct⁶ f¹/C(1)DX, y¹ f¹ 4077 R(1)2, In(1)w^vC, f¹/C(1)DX, y¹ f¹/Dp(1;Y)y⁺ 4330 R(1)2, y¹ f¹/Dp(1;Y)B^SYy⁺/C(1)DX, y¹ f¹ 3964 In(1)dl-49, y¹ ac^Hw-1 m² g⁴ f⁵/R(1)2, In(1)w^vC
Kyoto	101000 C(1)DX, y¹ f¹ / R(1)2, y¹ B¹ 101001 C(1)DX, y¹ f¹ / R(1)2, y¹ v¹ 101169 R(1)2, In(1)w^vC / y¹ w¹ / Dp(1;Y)y⁺ 101002 C(1)DX, y¹ f¹ / R(1)2, y¹ / Dp(1;Y)y⁺ 100999 C(1)DX, y¹ f¹ / R(1)2, y¹ v¹ / Dp(1;Y)y⁺ 107574 R(1)2, In(1)w^vC, f¹/C(1)DX, y¹ f¹/Dp(1;Y)y⁺
	More stocks available...
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Beadle, 34b (ring nature discovered by Boche).
	Induced on: C(1)RM y⁺.
Balancer / Genotype Variants of the Aberration
	R(1)2-P{CaSpeR}SL-17C
Separable Components

Other Comments
	Ring may open out spontaneously in stock [e.g., In(1)EN2]. R(1)2 chromosome from Bowling Green stock center found to carry an allele of bb, named bb^BG. (Komma and Atwood, 1993)
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 3 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	R(1)2 X^c2 (Valencia, 1966, Gethmann, 1967, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna, ) XC2 (Slizynska, 1942)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 20 )
Research paper	Sved and Liang, 2006, Genetics 172(2): 975--979 Evidence of P-element-induced sister-chromatid exchange in a ring-X chromosome in Drosophila, with implication for a high rate of formation of hybrid elements. [FBrf0190773] Webber et al., 2004, J. Cell Biol. 164(6): 819--829 The cohesion protein ORD is required for homologue bias during meiotic recombination. [FBrf0174802] Vogel and Nivard, 1999, Mutat. Res. 431(1): 141--153 A novel method for the parallel monitoring of mitotic recombination and clastogenicity in somatic cells in vivo. [FBrf0125185] Santamaria and Randsholt, 1995, Molec. gen. Genet. 246(3): 282--290 Characterization of a region of the X chromosome of Drosophila including multi sex combs (mxc), a Polycomb group gene which also functions as a tumour suppressor. [FBrf0080370] Komma and Atwood, 1994, Molec. gen. Genet. 242(3): 321--326 Magnification in Drosophila: evidence for an inducible rDNA-specific recombination system. [FBrf0068559] Komma and Atwood, 1993, D. I. S. 72: 138 Tritiated thymidine enables ring chromosomes to magnify in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0057987] Zalokar et al., 1980, Cell 19: 133--141 Distribution of ring-X chromosomes in the blastoderm of gynandromorphic Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0034216] Falk, 1973, D. I. S. 50: 144--145 On the structure of the R(1)2, y f chromosome. [FBrf0024767] Viinikka et al., 1971, Chromosoma 36: 34--45 A reinvestigation of the nucleolus-organizing regions in the salivary gland nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0022208] Gethmann, 1967, D. I. S. 42: 39 [New mutants report.] [FBrf0063456] Valencia, 1966, D. I. S. 41: 58 [New mutants report.] [FBrf0063936] Hannah, 1955, Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. VererbLehre 86: 600--621 Environmental factors affecting elimination of the ring-X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0010495] Battacharya, 1950, Proc. r. Soc. Edinb. B. Biol. 64: 199--215 Behaviour of the ring-chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0007943] Pontecorvo, 1942, D. I. S. 16: 65 Deletions and translocations of X<up>c2</up> (X-rayed). [FBrf0005660] Slizynska, 1942, D. I. S. 16: 67 Salivary gland chromosome analysis of deleted rings. [FBrf0005669] Schultz and Catcheside, 1938, J. Genet. 35: 315--320 The nature of closed X-chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0004315]
Abstract	Braver and Blount, 1950, Genetics 35: 98 Somatic eliminations of ring chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0007848]
FlyBase analysis	FlyBase, 2007, En masse symbol-based assigment of Aberration Class with respect to wild type. En masse symbol-based assigment of Aberration Class with respect to wild type. [FBrf0191808]
Stock list	The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna, Russia, 1997, D. I. S. 80: 109--130 Stock list. [FBrf0098381]
Book	Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0066905]