Allele Dmel\amn¹

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\amn¹	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0000500
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\amn

Allele class	loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence (Feany and Quinn, 1995) loss of function allele (Keene et al., 2006)
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Moore et al., 1998)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference The open reading frame of the mutant is identical to wild type. The amn mRNA is strongly reduced in the mutant compared to wild type. (Moore et al., 1998) FlyBase curator comment: FBrf0081985 suggests that the amn[1] mutation is due to a single base pair mutation which results in a frameshift. However, FBrf0102808 shows that the open reading frame in the amn[1] mutant is identical to wild type, and that the level of mRNA produced by the mutant is reduced compared to wild-type levels. (Feany and Quinn, 1995)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	behavior defective (Folkers et al., 1993) chemical sensitive \| recessive (Moore et al., 1998) learning defective (Mariath, 1985, Folkers, 1982) memory defective (Tamura et al., 2003, Tully and Quinn, 1985, Mariath, 1985, Keene et al., 2006, Yin et al., 2009) memory defective (with amn^X8) (Keene et al., 2006) memory defective \| recessive (DeZazzo et al., 1999, ) neuroanatomy defective \| third instar larval stage (Guan et al., 2011) neurophysiology defective (Bhattacharya et al., 2004) pain response defective (Aldrich et al., 2010)
Phenotype Manifest In
	axon \| third instar larval stage (Guan et al., 2011) neuromuscular junction \| third instar larval stage (Guan et al., 2011)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Compared with wild-type, amn[1] show a decrease in axonal branch number without affecting synaptic varicosity number or innervation length. (Guan et al., 2011) amn[1] mutant larvae show a significant delay in response to noxious heat compared to control flies. These flies also exhibit a delay in their jump response to noxious heat of 9 seconds. (Aldrich et al., 2010) amn[1] mutants make choices according to their recent experience and completely ignore the past experience in a 60-60V 1hr delay choice, similar to wild-type. No significant difference is observed between the 1hr Anesthesia-resistant memory (ARM) of a single conditioning event and that followed by a second conditioning event in amn[1] mutants. The choice PI in the 60-30 V 1hr delay protocol is not significantly different from the 30 V immediate memory PI in amn[1] mutants, compared to wild-type where it is significantly lower. (Yin et al., 2009) amn¹ and amn^X8/amn¹ flies are able to learn to associate an odor with a sugar reward (although they have a small but significant initial performance defect), but they forget this association within 60 minutes of training. (Keene et al., 2006) Muscles of third instar amn¹ larvae show a reduction in the L-type Ca²⁺ current compared to control larvae. (Bhattacharya et al., 2004) Mutant animals, unlike wild-type, do not show significant age-related memory impairment, 1 hour memory in aged flies was not significantly different from young mutant flies. (Tamura et al., 2003) In amn¹ homozygotes no effect is seen on the amplitude of the synchronous oscillation of intracellular calcium concentration seen in wild type Kenyon cells. (Rosay et al., 2001) Shows defects in memory retention both immediately (initial learning) or 180 minutes (3 hour memory) after training. (DeZazzo et al., 1999) Hemizygous males and homozygous females show increased sensitivity to ethanol in an inebriometer assay. (Moore et al., 1998) After presentation of electric shock with a first odour or with fresh air, amn¹ flies show a strongly reduced avoidance of a second, different odour compared to wild-type flies. (Preat, 1998) amn¹ flies kept in constant darkness have a smaller lamina volume than amn¹ flies kept in constant light, as is also seen for wild-type flies. (Barth et al., 1997) In experiments involving 'operant' conditioning, with heat as the aversive unconditioned stimulus, amn¹ exhibits a small decrement in learning per se and subsequently has no detectable memory. (Mariath, 1985) It appears that short-term memory is defective in the mutant (in shock-odor tests), with long-term memory being normal. (Tully and Quinn, 1985) Groups of amn¹ flies exhibit apparently abnormal acquisition of learning in tests using visual cues. (Folkers, 1982)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Suppressor of
Statement Reference amn¹ is a suppressor of female sterile phenotype of dnc^M11 (Feany and Quinn, 1995) amn¹ is a suppressor of visible phenotype of H^Scer\UAS.cMa/H^Scer\UAS.cMa, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF (Mueller et al., 2005)
Phenotype Manifest In
Suppressor of
Statement Reference amn¹ is a suppressor of eye phenotype of H^Scer\UAS.cMa/H^Scer\UAS.cMa, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF (Mueller et al., 2005)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Fails to complement	amn^28A (DeZazzo et al., 1999) amn^chpd (Moore et al., 1998) amn^X8 (DeZazzo et al., 1999)
Rescued by	amn¹ is rescued by amn^Scer\UAS.cWa/Scer\GAL4^c316 (Keene et al., 2006) amn¹ is rescued by Scer\GAL4^c316/amn^Scer\UAS.cDa (Tamura et al., 2003) amn^X8/amn¹ is rescued by amn^Scer\UAS.cWa/Scer\GAL4^c316 (Keene et al., 2006)
Comments	amn¹, amn^X8 and amn^28A all fail to complement each other for memory retention either immediately (initial learning) or 180 minutes (3 hour memory) after training. (DeZazzo et al., 1999)
Stocks ( 2 )
Bloomington	5954 amn¹
Kyoto	108499 amn¹
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

Comments
	Memory decay of rad¹ flies is faster than in amn¹ flies. Cold-induced anaesthesia treatment has little effect on memory. (Folkers et al., 1993)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 2 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	amn¹ (Keene et al., 2006, van Swinderen, 2007, Keene et al., 2004, Guan et al., 2011, Yin et al., 2009, Aldrich et al., 2010, Moore et al., 1998, Feany and Quinn, 1995) amn^PS801 (Quinn, 2001.4.27)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 30 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 30 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 28 ) Review ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 1 )
	Guan et al., 2011, Learn. Mem. 18(4): 191--206 Altered gene regulation and synaptic morphology in Drosophila learning and memory mutants. [FBrf0213277] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...

Allele Dmel\amn1

Allele Dmel\amn¹