Allele Dmel\Antp^Ns

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Antp^Ns	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Nasobemia	FlyBase ID	FBal0000587
Feature type	allele	Created / Updated	2006-05-14/2006-05-14
Associated gene	Dmel\Antp

Allele class	neomorph, gain of function
Mutagen	spontaneous
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	neomorph (Denell, 1994) gain of function (Scott et al., 1983, Jorgensen and Garber, 1987, McKenna et al., 1989, Talbert and Garber, 1994, Adamson and Shearn, 1996, Bhojwani et al., 1997)
Mutagen	spontaneous (Scott et al., 1983)
Mapped Features and Mutations
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Insertion of an 8kb roo element at map position +128. (Scott et al., 1983) 25kb duplication of the exon 3 region with a roo transposon separating the duplicated sequences. (Jorgensen and Garber, 1987) Internal 25kb partial duplication from position 46 to 71 and a complex insertion of more than 40kb including two roo elements. Truncated roo element has inserted at position 71 within intron sequences in opposite transcriptional orientation. The 5' half of a roo element has inserted at position 46 in opposite transcriptional orientation. The duplication gives the gene three promoters, P1, P2A and P2B. Dominant mutant phenotype due to ectopic expression from promoter Antp P2A. (Talbert and Garber, 1994)
Assay mode
Caused by insertion	roo{}Antp^Ns (Ragab et al., 2006, Jorgensen and Garber, 1987, Scott et al., 1983)
Cytology	Polytene chromosomes normal. Polytene chromosomes normal. (Kaufman et al., 1980) Polytene chromosomes normal. (Lewis et al., 1980)
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal \| recessive visible (Bhojwani et al., 1997, Gutierrez et al., 2003) visible \| dominant (Duncan and Kaufman, 1975, Brizuela and Kennison, 1997, Zraly et al., 2003, Kankel et al., 2004, Denell, 1994, Scott et al., 1983, Jorgensen and Garber, 1987, Liu et al., 2007) visible \| dominant \| homeotic (Ragab et al., 2006, Vazquez et al., 1999) chemosensitive behavior defective (McKenna et al., 1989)
Phenotype Manifest In
	antenna (Ragab et al., 2006, Duncan and Kaufman, 1975, Adamson and Shearn, 1996, Brizuela and Kennison, 1997, Bhojwani et al., 1997, Zraly et al., 2003, Denell, 1994, Lewis et al., 1980, Gutierrez et al., 2003, Scott et al., 1983, Tamkun et al., 1992, McKenna et al., 1989, Vazquez et al., 1999) eye head leg \| ectopic (Ragab et al., 2006, Zraly et al., 2003, Gutierrez et al., 2003, Vazquez et al., 1999) ommatidium (Bhojwani et al., 1997) arista (Kankel et al., 2004, Liu et al., 2007)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference In extreme cases, Antp^Ns/+ forms, in place of an antenna, a complete leg that includes sternopleura, coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, and tarsus. Antennal leg has no sex comb in male, and bristle pattern is that of a middle leg. Eyes smaller; whole head tends to be malformed. Antp^Ns ss^a/+ ss^a indistinguishable from Antp^Ns/+. Antp^Ns/Antp^B viable; phenotype like extreme Antp^Ns/+. Expression variable but penetrance complete. RK1. Antenna are leg-like. (Duncan and Kaufman, 1975) Transformation of antenna to prothoracic leg identity. (Lewis et al., 1980) Antennae to leg transformation. (Scott et al., 1983) Transformation of head to thoracic tissue. (Jorgensen and Garber, 1987) Partial transformation of antennae into legs. Flies exhibit diminished chemosensory jump behaviour to ethyl acetate but no change in the jump response to a visual stimulus. (McKenna et al., 1989) Antp^Ns derepresses the Antp P2 promoter in the eye-antennal disc. The penetrance of antennae to leg transformations of Antp^Ns mutations is greatly reduced in brm¹ heterozygotes. (Tamkun et al., 1992) A viable dominant leg to antenna transformation. (Denell, 1994) 96-99% of heterozygotes show differentiation of leg structures in the antennae. (Brizuela and Kennison, 1997) Antenna to leg transformation. Heterozygotes exhibit reduced compound eye and ommatidia are replaced by micro- and macrochaetae. (Bhojwani et al., 1997) 96% of heterozygous flies show transformation of antenna to leg. (Vazquez et al., 1999) 95% of mutant flies show an antenna to leg transformation. (Gutierrez et al., 2003) Heterozygotes show transformation of antenna to leg. (Zraly et al., 2003) Only 15% of heterozygotes show normal arista development. (Kankel et al., 2004) Antp^Ns/+ mutants show ectopic transformation of antennae into leg tissue. (Ragab et al., 2006) Heterozygotes lack the arista, but appear to have normal maxillary palps. The locomotor activity of heterozygous flies in an open field arena is not significantly different from that of wild-type flies. (Liu et al., 2007)
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference Antp^Ns has visible phenotype, enhanceable by tsh¹⁷ (Bhojwani et al., 1997) Antp^Ns, Pc² has visible \| homeotic phenotype, enhanceable by Pcl[+]/Pcl¹⁸ (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference Antp^Ns has visible \| dominant phenotype, suppressible by mor¹ (Brizuela and Kennison, 1997) Antp^Ns has visible \| dominant phenotype, suppressible by mor² (Brizuela and Kennison, 1997) Antp^Ns has visible \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Snr1^R3 (Zraly et al., 2003) Antp^Ns, Pc² has visible \| homeotic phenotype, suppressible by brm¹/brm[+] (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, Pc² has visible \| homeotic phenotype, suppressible by mor[+]/mor¹ (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, Pc² has visible \| homeotic phenotype, suppressible by mor²/mor[+] (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, Pc² has visible \| homeotic phenotype, suppressible by osa¹/osa[+] (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, Pc² has visible \| homeotic phenotype, suppressible by osa²/osa[+] (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, Pc² has visible \| homeotic phenotype, suppressible by osa[+]/osa³ (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, Pc² has visible \| homeotic phenotype, suppressible by osa[+]/osa⁴ (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, Pc² has visible \| homeotic phenotype, suppressible by trx^E3/trx[+] (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns has visible \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Gug[+]/Gug¹⁷⁵⁷ (Kankel et al., 2004) Antp^Ns has visible \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Gug³³³³/Gug[+] (Kankel et al., 2004) Antp^Ns has visible \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Gug⁵¹⁹/Gug[+] (Kankel et al., 2004) Antp^Ns has visible \| homeotic phenotype, suppressible by osa² (Ragab et al., 2006) Antp^Ns has visible \| homeotic phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Df(2R)ED3921 (Ragab et al., 2006) Antp^Ns has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Df(3L)vin2/+ (Gutierrez et al., 2003) Antp^Ns has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by tna[+]/tna^rI075 (Gutierrez et al., 2003) Antp^Ns has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by tna[+]/tna¹ (Gutierrez et al., 2003) Antp^Ns has visible \| homeotic \| dominant phenotype, suppressible by osa¹/osa[+] (Vazquez et al., 1999) Antp^Ns has visible \| homeotic \| dominant phenotype, suppressible by osa²/osa[+] (Vazquez et al., 1999)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference Antp^Ns has visible \| dominant phenotype, non-suppressible by Gug²²⁹⁵/Gug[+] (Kankel et al., 2004)
Other
Statement Reference Antp^Ns, hth^dtl-S142204, obk¹ has visible phenotype (Dworkin et al., 2001, Dworkin et al., 2001, Dworkin et al., 2001) Antp^Ns, tsh¹⁷ has visible \| dominant phenotype (Bhojwani et al., 1997) Antp^Ns, Pc² has visible \| homeotic phenotype (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference Antp^Ns has phenotype, enhanceable by d¹ (Mikuta and Mglinetz, 1979, ) Antp^Ns has ommatidium phenotype, enhanceable by tsh¹⁷ (Bhojwani et al., 1997) Antp^Ns has eye phenotype, enhanceable by tsh¹⁷ (Bhojwani et al., 1997) Antp^Ns has phenotype, enhanceable by al¹ (Mikuta and Mglinets, 1978) Antp^Ns, Pc² has antenna phenotype, enhanceable by Pcl[+]/Pcl¹⁸ (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns has phenotype, enhanceable by ash2¹¹ (Adamson and Shearn, 1996) Antp^Ns has phenotype, enhanceable by ash2¹² (Adamson and Shearn, 1996) Antp^Ns has phenotype, enhanceable by ash2¹⁸ (Adamson and Shearn, 1996) Antp^Ns has phenotype, enhanceable by ash2¹ (Adamson and Shearn, 1996) Antp^Ns has phenotype, enhanceable by ash2² (Adamson and Shearn, 1996) Antp^Ns has phenotype, enhanceable by ash2⁴ (Adamson and Shearn, 1996) Antp^Ns has phenotype, enhanceable by ash2⁹ (Adamson and Shearn, 1996)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference Antp^Ns has antenna phenotype, suppressible by mor¹ (Brizuela and Kennison, 1997) Antp^Ns has antenna phenotype, suppressible by mor² (Brizuela and Kennison, 1997) Antp^Ns has antenna phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Snr1^R3 (Zraly et al., 2003) Antp^Ns has leg \| ectopic phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Snr1^R3 (Zraly et al., 2003) Antp^Ns, Pc² has antenna phenotype, suppressible by brm¹/brm[+] (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, Pc² has antenna phenotype, suppressible by mor[+]/mor¹ (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, Pc² has antenna phenotype, suppressible by mor²/mor[+] (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, Pc² has antenna phenotype, suppressible by osa¹/osa[+] (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, Pc² has antenna phenotype, suppressible by osa²/osa[+] (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, Pc² has antenna phenotype, suppressible by osa[+]/osa³ (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, Pc² has antenna phenotype, suppressible by osa[+]/osa⁴ (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, Pc² has antenna phenotype, suppressible by trx^E3/trx[+] (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns has arista phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Gug[+]/Gug¹⁷⁵⁷ (Kankel et al., 2004) Antp^Ns has arista phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Gug³³³³/Gug[+] (Kankel et al., 2004) Antp^Ns has arista phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Gug⁵¹⁹/Gug[+] (Kankel et al., 2004) Antp^Ns has antenna phenotype, suppressible by osa² (Ragab et al., 2006) Antp^Ns has leg \| ectopic phenotype, suppressible by osa² (Ragab et al., 2006) Antp^Ns has antenna phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Df(2R)ED3921 (Ragab et al., 2006) Antp^Ns has leg \| ectopic phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Df(2R)ED3921 (Ragab et al., 2006) Antp^Ns has phenotype, suppressible by skd² (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Antp^Ns has antenna phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Df(3L)vin2/+ (Gutierrez et al., 2003) Antp^Ns has leg \| ectopic phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Df(3L)vin2/+ (Gutierrez et al., 2003) Antp^Ns has antenna phenotype, suppressible \| partially by tna[+]/tna^rI075 (Gutierrez et al., 2003) Antp^Ns has leg \| ectopic phenotype, suppressible \| partially by tna[+]/tna^rI075 (Gutierrez et al., 2003) Antp^Ns has antenna phenotype, suppressible \| partially by tna[+]/tna¹ (Gutierrez et al., 2003) Antp^Ns has leg \| ectopic phenotype, suppressible \| partially by tna[+]/tna¹ (Gutierrez et al., 2003) Antp^Ns has antenna phenotype, suppressible by osa¹/osa[+] (Vazquez et al., 1999) Antp^Ns has leg \| ectopic phenotype, suppressible by osa¹/osa[+] (Vazquez et al., 1999) Antp^Ns has antenna phenotype, suppressible by osa²/osa[+] (Vazquez et al., 1999) Antp^Ns has leg \| ectopic phenotype, suppressible by osa²/osa[+] (Vazquez et al., 1999)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference Antp^Ns has arista phenotype, non-suppressible by Gug²²⁹⁵/Gug[+] (Kankel et al., 2004)
Other
Statement Reference Antp^Ns, hth^dtl-S142204, obk¹ has antenna phenotype (Dworkin et al., 2001, Dworkin et al., 2001, Dworkin et al., 2001) Antp^Ns, hth^dtl-S142204, obk¹ has leg \| ectopic phenotype (Dworkin et al., 2001, Dworkin et al., 2001, Dworkin et al., 2001) Antp[+]/Antp^Ns, Pc², Scm^K1 has sex comb phenotype (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp[+]/Antp^Ns, Pc², Pcl¹⁸ has sex comb phenotype (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Antp^Ns, tsh¹⁷ has ommatidium phenotype (Bhojwani et al., 1997) Antp^Ns, Pc² has antenna phenotype (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference Suppressed by brm¹. (Tamkun et al., 1992) ash2 alleles affect the expressivity or penetrance of the antenna to leg transformation. ash2¹, ash2⁹, ash2¹¹, ash2¹² and ash2¹⁸ enhance the transformation phenotype, ash2² and ash2⁴ suppress the transformation phenotype. (Adamson and Shearn, 1996) The penetrance of Antp^Ns/+ phenotype is greatly reduced if the flies are also heterozygous for mor¹ or mor². (Brizuela and Kennison, 1997) Eye phenotype is enhanced in a tsh¹⁷ mutant background. (Bhojwani et al., 1997) obk¹, Antp^73b (or Antp^Ns), hth^dtl-S142204 triple mutants produce biramous antenna/legs in place of single antennae. (Dworkin et al., 2001) The Antp^Ns/+ antenna to leg transformation is suppressed about 50% by Snr1^R3. (Zraly et al., 2003) The mutant arista phenotype seen in Antp^Ns/+ adults is partially suppressed if they are also heterozygous for Gug⁵¹⁹ (36% of flies have normal arista development), Gug¹⁷⁵⁷ (26% of flies have normal arista development) or Gug³³³³ (28% of flies have normal arista development), but is unaffected if they are also heterozygous for Gug²²⁹⁵. (Kankel et al., 2004) The Df(2R)ED3921 deficiency causes a 21% suppression of the Antp^Ns homeotic transformation. The osa² mutation suppresses this phenotype by 87%. (Ragab et al., 2006)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Complements	Antp^B
Comments
Stocks ( 2 )
Bloomington	2235 Antp^Ns
Kyoto	106749 Antp^Ns
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Gehring.

Comments
	Etymology: W. Gehring believed this variant to be a separate locus from Antp and named it "Nasobemia" after Morgenstern's mythological creature that walked on its nose. (Denell, 1994) Etymology: mutation is named "Nasobemia" after an imaginary animal that can walk on its nose in a poem by Christian Morgenstern; mutant flies show transformation of antenna to leg. (Walter, 2002)
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 4 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Antp^NS (Cummins et al., 2003, Amoros et al., 2002, Yao et al., 1999, Liu et al., 2007) Antp^Ns Ns
Name Synonym	Nasobemia (Walter, 2002, McKenna et al., 1989, )
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 29 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 29 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 26 ) Abstract ( 1 ) Interview ( 1 ) Book ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Liu et al., 2007, Genetics 175(3): 1197--1212 Exploratory activity in Drosophila requires the kurtz nonvisual arrestin. [FBrf0200160] Ragab et al., 2006, Genetics 172(2): 1069--1078 High mobility group proteins HMGD and HMGZ interact genetically with the Brahma chromatin remodeling complex in Drosophila. [FBrf0190761] Show all research papers ...

Allele Dmel\AntpNs

Allele Dmel\Antp^Ns