Allele Dmel\ap^56f

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\ap^56f	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0000643
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\ap

Allele class	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	spontaneous
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence (Ringo et al., 1991)
Mutagen	spontaneous (Ringo et al., 1991)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	courtship behavior defective \| female (Ringo et al., 1991) courtship behavior defective \| male \| recessive (Ringo et al., 1992) female fertile (Ringo et al., 1991) heat stress response defective \| female (Gruntenko et al., 2003) lethal \| female \| partially \| heat sensitive (Gruntenko et al., 2003) male fertile mating defective \| male \| recessive (Ringo et al., 1992) semi-fertile \| female (Gruntenko et al., 2003) stress response defective \| female (Gruntenko et al., 2003) viable \| reduced (Gruntenko et al., 2003) visible (with ap^{loxP.MCP-PRE.MM}) (Gohl et al., 2008) visible (with Df(2R)DG) (Gohl et al., 2008) visible (with Df(2R)DG-Mcp) (Gohl et al., 2008) visible \| dominant (Shtorch et al., 1995) visible \| recessive (Morcillo et al., 1996, Ringo et al., 1991)
Phenotype Manifest In
	adult corpus allatum (Altaratz et al., 1991) corpus allatum (Dai and Gilbert, 1993) dorsocentral bristle haltere male accessory gland (Cho et al., 2000) mesothoracic leg metathoracic leg ovary (Richard et al., 2001) scutellar bristle wing (Morcillo et al., 1996, Shtorch et al., 1995, Ringo et al., 1991) wing (with ap^{loxP.MCP-PRE.MM}) (Gohl et al., 2008) wing (with ap^UG-2106A) (Shtorch et al., 1995) wing (with Df(2R)DG) (Gohl et al., 2008) wing (with Df(2R)DG-Mcp) (Gohl et al., 2008) wing margin (with ap^UG-2106A) (Shtorch et al., 1995) wing pouch (Zecca and Struhl, 2007)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference ap[56f]/Df(2R)DG mutant flies show wing phenotypes. Wing defects are seen in ap[loxP.MCP-PRE.MM]/ap[56f] mutant flies, but they are significantly less severe than those seen in ap[loxP.MCP-PRE.MM] homozygotes. Wing defects are seen in Df(2R)DG-Mcp/ap[56f] mutant flies, but they are less severe than those seen in Df(2R)DG-Mcp homozygotes. Wing defects are seen in Df(2R)DG/ap[56f] mutant flies, but they are less severe than those seen in Df(2R)DG homozygotes. (Gohl et al., 2008) The wing pouch is absent in mutant third larval instar discs. (Zecca and Struhl, 2007) One day-old ap^56f mutant females have a significantly reduced heat stress reactivity as judged by juvenile hormone, octopamine and dopamine metabolism. In contrast, mutant males have a stress reactivity that is similar to wild-type. The initiation of heat shock response appears normal in ap^56f females. In normal conditions, ap^56f females lay eggs two days later and produce about five times fewer progeny than wild-type females. Egg-counting indicates that the lower rate of fertility in mutants occurs prior to oviposition. Heat stress causes a significant reduction in fertility for only two days in ap^56f females, while the fertility of wild-type females is in sharp decline for three days. In normal conditions the viability of both male and female ap^56f mutants is reduced (by around 10-15%) compared to wild-type. In wild-type flies survival under heat stress is higher in females, while in ap^56f mutants survival is higher in males. Survival of ap^56f females under heat stress is sharply decreased compared to wild-type (around 20% survival in 6-day-old ap^56f females vs around 50% in wild-type), while survival of mutant males is similar to wild-type. (Gruntenko et al., 2003) Mutant females show a delay in vitellogenic development which can be rescued by the application of juvenile hormone III. (Richard et al., 2001) Mutant males have smaller accessory glands than normal. (Cho et al., 2000) Levels of ecdysteroid production and content in homozygous ovaries are approximately double that of wild-type. (Richard et al., 1998) Heterozygotes have normal wings. (Morcillo et al., 1997) Homozygotes exhibit a loss of wing phenotype. (Morcillo et al., 1996) Homozygotes and hemizygotes exhibit nubbin wings. Transheterozygotes with ap^UG-2106A exhibit wings of nearly normal size with mildly serrated margins. (Shtorch et al., 1995) Ultrastructure of the corpus allatum studied. (Dai and Gilbert, 1993) Histolysis of the larval fat body is normal in homozygous females. (Richard et al., 1993) Homozygous ap^56f males have a mating rate 1% of wild type levels, this rate increases with age. If allowed sufficient time with females progeny are produced. For mating success ap^56f is an amorph. Homozygous ap^56f males showed significantly less nonwing courtship than wild type even though the males were normally active, this is attributable to the ap locus. Homozygous ap^56f males had higher sex appeal and orientation component of courtship at 2--3 days old than wild type flies. 2 day old hemizygous ap^56f males have a 10--60 fold higher sex appeal than hemizygous ap⁺ males. (Ringo et al., 1992) No egg maturation defect. Glands are defective in hormone production. (Altaratz et al., 1991) Homozygous flies have virtually no wing blade and have only 29% female receptivity to mature male ap⁺ flies. The receptivity is lower for flies heterozygous with Df(2R)M41A4B. Females have a low courtship intensity. (Ringo et al., 1991) Wings and halteres reduced to vestiges. Scutellar and dorsocentral bristles missing (FBrf0017003). Rear and middle legs occasionally twisted, more frequently in female than in male. Both sexes fertile and long lived when homozygous and in combination with other ap alleles. ap^56f/Df(2R)M41A4 have normal complement of dorsocentral and scutellar bristles (FBrf0017003).
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Suppressed by
Statement Reference ap^56f/Df(2R)DG has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by z¹ (Gohl et al., 2008)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference ap^56f/Df(2R)DG has visible phenotype, non-suppressible by z^a (Gohl et al., 2008)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference ap^56f is an enhancer of visible phenotype of bi¹ (Grimm and Pflugfelder, 1996)
Other
Statement Reference Chi^e5.5, ap^56f has visible phenotype (Morcillo et al., 1997, Morcillo et al., 1997)
Phenotype Manifest In
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference ap^56f has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Nipped-A² (Rollins et al., 1999) ap^56f has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Nipped-A^222.3 (Rollins et al., 1999) ap^56f has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Nipped-A³²³ (Rollins et al., 1999) ap^56f has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Nipped-B^292.1 (Rollins et al., 1999) ap^56f has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Nipped-B⁴⁰⁷ (Rollins et al., 1999) ap^56f has phenotype, non-enhanceable by RpL38^45-72 (Rollins et al., 1999)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference ap^56f/Df(2R)DG has wing phenotype, suppressible \| partially by z¹ (Gohl et al., 2008) ap^56f has wing disc phenotype, suppressible \| cell autonomous \| somatic clone by vg^αTub84B.PZa (Zecca and Struhl, 2007) ap^56f has wing disc phenotype, suppressible by N^ECN.Scer\UAS/Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PC (Zecca and Struhl, 2007) ap^56f has wing disc phenotype, suppressible by N^{intra.-FRT.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PC (Zecca and Struhl, 2007)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference ap^56f/Df(2R)DG has wing phenotype, non-suppressible by z^a (Gohl et al., 2008)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference ap^56f/ap[+] is an enhancer of wing phenotype of ct^L32, su(Hw)^e2 (Morcillo et al., 1996) ap^56f is an enhancer of phenotype of Bx³ (Shoresh et al., 1998) ap^56f is an enhancer of phenotype of Chi^e5.5 (Shoresh et al., 1998) ap^56f is an enhancer of wing phenotype of bi¹ (Grimm and Pflugfelder, 1996)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference ap^56f is a non-enhancer of phenotype of N^nd-1 (Rollins et al., 1999)
Other
Statement Reference Chi^e5.5, ap^56f has wing phenotype (Morcillo et al., 1997, Morcillo et al., 1997)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference z[1] partially suppresses the wing phenotypes seen in ap[56f]/Df(2R)DG mutant flies. z[a] does not suppress the wing phenotypes seen in ap[56f]/Df(2R)DG mutant flies. (Gohl et al., 2008) Expression of N[intra.-FRT.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[αTub84B.PC] in ap[56f]/ap[56f] wing discs rescues wing growth. Expression of N[ECN.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[αTub84B.PC] in ap[56f]/ap[56f] wing discs rescues wing growth. Clones expressing vg[αTub84B.PZa] autonomously rescue wing growth in ap[56f]/ap[56f] wing discs. (Zecca and Struhl, 2007) No wing scalloping is seen when combined with Ssdp^KG03600, Ssdp^BG01663, Ssdp^neo48, Ssdp³¹ or Ssdp¹¹. (Chen et al., 2002) Enhances wing scalloping of Bx³/+. (Shoresh et al., 1998) Chi^e5.5/ap^56f transheterozygotes display wing margin defects: gaps in the posterior margin. (Morcillo et al., 1997) ct^L32; su(Hw)^e2 flies heterozygous for ap^56f display a weak ct wing phenotype. (Morcillo et al., 1996)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Comments
Stocks ( 2 )
Bloomington	4189 ap^56f
Kyoto	107621 ap^56f
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Thompson, June 1956.

Comments
	Strong ap allele. (Morcillo et al., 1996)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 1 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	ap^56f (Delanoue et al., 2002, Zecca and Struhl, 2007, Grimm and Pflugfelder, 1996, Cho et al., 2000, Gohl et al., 2008)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 26 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 26 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 24 ) Abstract ( 1 ) Book ( 1 )
Recent research papers (0)
	All research papers listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show research papers ...

Allele Dmel\ap56f

Allele Dmel\ap^56f