Allele Dmel\arm⁴

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\arm⁴	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0000713
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\arm
Also Known As	arm^YD35

Map ( GBrowse )
Allele class	loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence (Peifer and Wieschaus, 1990, Hoppe and Greenspan, 1990, Peifer et al., 1991, Peifer et al., 1993, Uemura et al., 1996) loss of function allele (Cox et al., 1996, Takahashi et al., 2005, Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006)
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Riggleman et al., 1989)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References point mutation X:1,789,659..1,789,659 evidence=experimental na_change=C1789659T pr_change=Q387\|arm-PC,Q387\|arm-PA,Q387\|arm-PD,Q387\|a rm-PB,Q387@\|arm-PE reported_na_change=C2968T (Peifer and Wieschaus, 1990)
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Amino acid replacement: ??@. Nucleotide substitution: C2968T. (Peifer and Wieschaus, 1990)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal \| embryonic stage \| recessive \| segment polarity expression pattern (Pai et al., 1997) lethal \| embryonic stage \| segment polarity expression pattern (Peifer et al., 1991, Peifer and Wieschaus, 1990)
Phenotype Manifest In
	abdominal ventral denticle belt \| embryonic stage (Jones et al., 2010) actin filament (Peifer et al., 1993) border follicle cell (Peifer et al., 1993) cytoskeleton (Peifer et al., 1993) denticle \| ectopic, with arm^{S6.T:Hsap\MYC} (Thompson, 2004) denticle \| ectopic, with arm^{S12.T:Hsap\MYC} (Thompson, 2004) denticle belt (Cavallo et al., 1998) dMP2 neuron (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) dorsal closure embryo (Pai et al., 1997) dorsal trunk primordium (Takaesu et al., 2002) embryo \| segment polarity expression pattern (Pai et al., 1997, Peifer et al., 1991, Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) embryonic/first instar larval cuticle (Pai et al., 1997, Cox et al., 1996, Kessler and Müller, 2009) embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with arm^{S6.T:Hsap\MYC} (Thompson, 2004) embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with arm^{S12.T:Hsap\MYC} (Thompson, 2004) embryonic/larval dorsal branch 10 (Takaesu et al., 2002) embryonic/larval dorsal trunk (Lee et al., 2003, Uemura et al., 1996, Oda and Tsukita, 1999, Chihara and Hayashi, 2000) embryonic/larval dorsal trunk, with arm^{S14.T:Hsap\MYC} (Beitel and Krasnow, 2000) embryonic/larval lateral trunk (Uemura et al., 1996) embryonic/larval tracheal system (Chihara and Hayashi, 2000) embryonic epidermis (Cavallo et al., 1998, Myster et al., 2003, Zervas et al., 2001) embryonic ventral nervous system (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) female germline stem cell \| somatic clone (Song et al., 2002) follicle cell \| somatic clone (Song and Xie, 2003, Tanentzapf et al., 2000) follicle stem cell \| somatic clone (Song and Xie, 2003) germline cell (Oda et al., 1997) imaginal disc \| larval stage \| somatic clone (Peifer et al., 1991) MP1 neuron (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) nurse cell & actin filament (Peifer et al., 1993) nurse cell & nucleus (Peifer et al., 1993) nurse cell \| germline clone (Peifer et al., 1993) nurse cell ring canal (Peifer et al., 1993) oocyte & actin filament (Peifer et al., 1993) oocyte \| germline clone (Peifer et al., 1993) oocyte \| somatic clone (Song and Xie, 2003) pCC neuron (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) posterior spiracle primordium (Takaesu et al., 2002) RP2 motor neuron (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) spiracular branch 10 (Takaesu et al., 2002) tracheal branch primordium (Uemura et al., 1996) vMP2 neuron (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference The area of naked cuticle of arm[4] mutant embryos is decreased compared to wild-type controls. (Jones et al., 2010) Hemizygous embryos have a strongly shortened cuticle which lacks anterior and head structures. (Kessler and Müller, 2009) Myosin activity (assayed through a sqh antibody) is clearly restricted in arm[4] follicle cell clones. (Wang and Riechmann, 2007) Virtually all arm⁴/+ embryos show normal dorsal closure. (Takahashi et al., 2005) Embryos expressing arm^{S6.T:Hsap\MYC} in a arm⁴ background have a "lawn of denticles" cuticle phenotype. Embryos expressing arm^{S12.T:Hsap\MYC} in a arm⁴ background have a "lawn of denticles" cuticle phenotype. (Thompson, 2004) Tube fusion at the adherens junction in the dorsal trunk is defective in mutants, fusion cells do not form E-cadherin contacts and associated fusion tracks. (Lee et al., 2003) arm⁴ somatic stem cell (SSC) clones in the ovary are lost more rapidly than wild-type clones. arm⁴ follicle cell clones form large patches similar to those formed by marked wild-type clones. The mutant follicle cells do not have the wild-type regular columnar shape. Mislocalisation of the oocyte can also be seen. (Song and Xie, 2003) The addition of arm⁴ suppresses the eye phenotype seen in Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ animals almost to wild-type, except for the anterior margin. (Jackson et al., 2002) arm⁴ severely affects germline stem cell (GSC) maintenance in the ovary; more than 80% of mutant GSCs are lost 3 weeks after clone induction. (Song et al., 2002) Posterior spiracles are present, but in an abnormal location, in mutant embryos and the tracheal dorsal trunk branch, dorsal branch 10 and spiracular branch 10 are absent. (Takaesu et al., 2002) Has no effect on the eye phenotype produced by activated arm constructs. (either arm^S44Y.GMR or arm^S56F.GMR). (Freeman and Bienz, 2001) Mutant embryos show a dramatic failure in epidermal patterning. (Zervas et al., 2001) The size of the primary branches of the tracheal system is largely unaffected in embryos carrying arm^{S14.T:Hsap\MYC} in an arm⁴ background, even though segments of the dorsal trunk are disconnected. (Beitel and Krasnow, 2000) Invagination of tracheal primordia is normal in zygotic arm⁴ embryos. The dorsal trunk is completely lost in these embryos and branch fusion does not occur. (Chihara and Hayashi, 2000) Large follicle cell clones mutant for arm⁴ form a follicular epithelium. The follicle cells often develop a squamous cell morphology or show a multilayered structure. (Tanentzapf et al., 2000) Dorsal trunk branches are completely missing zygotic mutants. (Oda and Tsukita, 1999) Embryos that are zygotically arm⁴ but have wild-type maternal arm function have a partial set of RP2 neurons (70% of the normal number are formed). arm⁴ embryos have subtle ventral nervous system defects, including segmental gaps in the MP1 pathway. The pCC/MP2 pathway, although usually complete, undulates less than in wild-type embryos. The phenotype is not altered if the embryos also carry arm^{S14.T:Hsap\MYC}. Hemizygous embryos have a segment polarity phenotype. (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) Germline clones generate mutant germ cells that are frequently altered in position in the egg chamber, position of the oocyte is altered, cell shape and size are irregular and cells are multinucleated. No gaps are visible between the germ cells. Cell-cell adhesion by shg protein is not lost but the shg protein has lost its normal connection to the actin network. (Oda et al., 1997) Embryos have a strong segment polarity defect and show defects in dorsal closure. The lethality and cuticle phenotype of arm⁴ embryos is rescued by arm^{S2.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} expressed using Scer\GAL4^e22c. arm⁴ embryos expressing arm^{S10.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (using Scer\GAL4^e22c) differentiate essentially only naked cuticle, similar to the phenotype of embryos expressing arm^{S10.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (using Scer\GAL4^e22c) in a wild-type background. These embryos are shorter than wild-type. (Pai et al., 1997) arm⁴; crb² and arm⁴; crb^D88-3 double mutants exhibit a severe crb-like cuticle phenotype. (Cox et al., 1996) Tracheal system is defective in the embryo, though Malpighian tubules are normal. Dorsal trachea trunks are missing, and lateral trunks do not link up. (Uemura et al., 1996) Clonal analysis revealed that arm function within the germ line is not required for polarization of the follicle cells, however nurse cells and oocyte have altered shape and position. Cortical actin cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic actin filaments and ring canals are all disrupted in arm mutant germlines, the nurse cells' nuclei may be mis-positioned and there may be large aggregates of actin in both nurse cells and oocyte. In some mutant egg chambers border cell migration is perturbed. Unlaid eggs become surrounded by eggshells with normally positioned dorsal/anterior chorionic appendages and with a micropyle at the anterior end. (Peifer et al., 1993) Strong segment polarity phenotype. Homozygous clone tissue dies in the imaginal discs of larvae suggesting that arm⁺ activity is required in late larval and pupal stages. Flies carrying one copy of P{arm10.5} die as pupae with a wg-like phenotype. (Peifer et al., 1991) No protein. Embryos fail to close dorsally and much of the dorsal cuticle is missing. Segments are still recognizable but their segment polarity phenotype is very severe. (Peifer and Wieschaus, 1990) Strong arm allele. Mutant phenotype can be rescued to full adult viability and fertility by arm^+t10.5. (Riggleman et al., 1989) Clones of homozygous arm⁴ induced by mitotic recombination form denticles with reversed polarity. Changes in cell fate are autonomous at the level of single cells. (Wieschaus and Riggleman, 1987)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhancer of
Statement Reference arm⁴/arm[+] is an enhancer of planar polarity defective phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, nmo^Scer\UAS.cUa (Mirkovic et al., 2011) arm⁴/arm[+] is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, crol^Scer\UAS.cMa (Mitchell et al., 2008) arm⁴ is an enhancer of cell polarity defective phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, shg^{dCR3h.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-rs} (Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006) arm⁴ is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^unspecified, nkd^Scer\UAS.cZa (Zeng et al., 2000)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference arm⁴/arm[+] is a non-enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, kermit^GS2053 (Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference arm⁴/arm[+] is a suppressor \| partially of cell polarity defective phenotype of CadN^Scer\UAS.cIa, Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev (Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006) arm⁴/arm[+] is a suppressor of visible phenotype of CycE^JP (Brumby et al., 2004) arm⁴ is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ (Jackson et al., 2002)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference arm⁴/arm[+] is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, kermit^GS2053 (Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference arm⁴ has commissure phenotype, enhanceable by Abl⁴/Abl¹ (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) arm⁴ has phenotype, enhanceable by Abl¹ (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) arm⁴ has phenotype, enhanceable by Abl⁴ (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) arm⁴ has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype, enhanceable by Abl⁴/Abl¹ (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998)
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference arm⁴ has abdominal ventral denticle belt \| embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by tum[+]/tum^AR2 (Jones et al., 2010) arm⁴ has phenotype, non-enhanceable by nkd² (Rousset et al., 2001) arm⁴ has phenotype, non-enhanceable by nkd³ (Rousset et al., 2001) arm⁴ has wing phenotype, non-enhanceable by CG6194^P0997/CG6194^P0997 (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001) Scer\GAL4^e22c, arm⁴ has abdominal ventral denticle belt \| embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by pav[+]/pav^B200 (Jones et al., 2010)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference arm⁴, arm^{S12.T:Hsap\MYC} has denticle \| ectopic phenotype, suppressible \| partially by pan::pygo^{pygoΔPHD-ΔNTCF.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}/Scer\GAL4^arm.PS (Thompson, 2004) arm⁴, arm^{S12.T:Hsap\MYC} has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype, suppressible \| partially by pan::pygo^{pygoΔPHD-ΔNTCF.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}/Scer\GAL4^arm.PS (Thompson, 2004) arm⁴ has denticle belt phenotype, suppressible by Df(3R)Espl22 (Cavallo et al., 1998) arm⁴ has denticle belt phenotype, suppressible by pan² (Cavallo et al., 1998) arm⁴ has denticle belt phenotype, suppressible by pan³ (Cavallo et al., 1998) arm⁴ has embryonic epidermis phenotype, suppressible by Df(3R)Espl22 (Cavallo et al., 1998) arm⁴ has embryonic epidermis phenotype, suppressible by p120ctn³⁰⁸/p120ctn³⁰⁸ (Myster et al., 2003) arm⁴ has embryonic epidermis phenotype, suppressible by pan² (Cavallo et al., 1998) arm⁴ has embryonic epidermis phenotype, suppressible by pan³ (Cavallo et al., 1998) arm⁴ has phenotype, suppressible by Abl¹ (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) arm⁴ has phenotype, suppressible by Abl¹/Df(3L)st-j7 (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) arm⁴ has phenotype, suppressible by Abl⁴ (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) arm⁴ has phenotype, suppressible by gro^E48 (Cavallo et al., 1998) arm⁴ has phenotype, suppressible by Psn¹⁰/Psn[+] (Cox et al., 2000) arm⁴ has phenotype, suppressible by W⁰⁵⁰¹⁴ (Cox et al., 2000)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference arm⁴ has abdominal ventral denticle belt \| embryonic stage phenotype, non-suppressible by tum[+]/tum^AR2 (Jones et al., 2010) arm⁴ has embryonic/larval dorsal trunk phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^btl.PS/Dl^Scer\UAS.cDa (Chihara and Hayashi, 2000) arm⁴ has phenotype, non-suppressible by eRF1[+]/eRF1^F2 (Chao et al., 2003) arm⁴ has phenotype, non-suppressible by nkd² (Rousset et al., 2001) arm⁴ has phenotype, non-suppressible by nkd³ (Rousset et al., 2001) arm⁴ has wing phenotype, non-suppressible by CG6194^P0997/CG6194^P0997 (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001) Scer\GAL4^e22c, arm⁴ has abdominal ventral denticle belt \| embryonic stage phenotype, non-suppressible by pav[+]/pav^B200 (Jones et al., 2010)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference arm⁴/arm[+] is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, nmo^Scer\UAS.cUa (Mirkovic et al., 2011) arm⁴/arm[+] is an enhancer of wing \| posterior compartment phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, crol^Scer\UAS.cMa (Mitchell et al., 2008) arm⁴ is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, shg^{dCR3h.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-rs} (Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006) arm⁴ is an enhancer of wing margin phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, aos::shg^{i.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (Bauer et al., 2000)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference arm⁴, Scer\GAL4^30A is a non-enhancer of wing phenotype of Pka-C1^Scer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4^30A (Kiger et al., 2001) arm⁴/arm[+] is a non-enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of faf^FO8/faf^BX3 (Chen et al., 2000) arm⁴/arm[+] is a non-enhancer of phenotype of ct^C145 (Jackson and Berg, 1999) arm⁴/arm[+] is a non-enhancer of phenotype of ct^L188 (Jackson and Berg, 1999) arm⁴/arm[+] is a non-enhancer of wing hair phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, kermit^GS2053 (Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010) arm⁴ is a non-enhancer of phenotype of ct^C145 (Jackson and Berg, 1999)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference arm⁴/arm[+] is a suppressor of eye phenotype of CycE^JP (Brumby et al., 2004) arm⁴/arm[+] is a suppressor of wing pouch \| somatic clone phenotype of crol^k05205 (Mitchell et al., 2008) arm⁴ is a suppressor of eye \| anterior phenotype of Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ (Jackson et al., 2002) arm⁴ is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ (Jackson et al., 2002) arm⁴ is a suppressor of eye photoreceptor cell phenotype of Apc^Q8 (Ahmed et al., 1998) arm⁴ is a suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ (Jackson et al., 2002)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference arm⁴, Scer\GAL4^30A is a non-suppressor of wing phenotype of Pka-C1^Scer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4^30A (Kiger et al., 2001) arm⁴/arm[+] is a non-suppressor of wing hair phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, kermit^GS2053 (Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010)
Other
Statement Reference Abl⁴/Abl¹, arm⁴ has commissure phenotype (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) Abl⁴/Abl¹, arm⁴ has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) arm⁴, ena²¹⁰ has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle \| dorsal phenotype (Grevengoed et al., 2001, Grevengoed et al., 2001) CadN^Scer\UAS.cIa, Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, arm⁴/arm[+] has ommatidium phenotype (Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006) Scer\GAL4^e22c, arm⁴, pan^ΔN.Scer\UAS has denticle belt phenotype (Cavallo et al., 1998) Scer\GAL4^e22c, arm⁴, pan^ΔN.Scer\UAS has embryonic epidermis phenotype (Cavallo et al., 1998) Src42A^6-1, arm⁴/arm[+] has dorsal closure embryo phenotype (Takahashi et al., 2005) Src42A^6-1, arm⁴ has dorsal closure embryo phenotype (Takahashi et al., 2005)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference The delays in ventral furrow formation seen in homozygous Traf4[3] embryos are more severe if they are derived from females heterozygous for arm[4]. (Mathew et al., 2011) arm[4]/+ enhances the ommatidial over-rotation phenotype which is caused by expression of nmo[Scer\UAS.cUa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[hs.2sev]. (Mirkovic et al., 2011) The elimination of naked cuticle observed in arm[4] mutant embryos is unchanged in either a pav[B200]/+ or a tum[AR2]/+ mutant background. (Jones et al., 2010) The reduced size of the posterior compartment of the wing that is seen in animals expressing crol[Scer\UAS.cMa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[en-e16E] is enhanced is they are also heterozygous for arm[4]. Analysis of 120 hour larval wing discs indicates that the growth of crol[k05205] clones is restored if they are induced in a arm[4]/+ background compared to when they are induced in an otherwise wild-type background. (Mitchell et al., 2008) Approximately 58.2% of arm⁴/+ ; SoxN^GA1192/+ double mutants appear phenotypically wild-type. Approximately 17.4% of mutants exhibit a 'lawn of denticles' phenotype, typical of arm mutants. The SoxN^GA1192 mutation disrupts the dorsal pattern and reduces the size of the embryos. A SoxN-like phenotype is observed in approximately 17.6% of the double mutants. Approximately 6.8% of the double mutants exhibit a severe arm phenotype. Approximately 55.2% of arm⁴/+ ; SoxN^NC14/+ double mutants appear phenotypically wild-type. Approximately 19.9% of mutants exhibit a 'lawn of denticles' phenotype, typical of arm mutants. The SoxN^NC14 mutation disrupts the dorsal pattern and reduces the size of the embryos. A SoxN-like phenotype is observed in approximately 17.5% of the double mutants. Approximately 7.4% of the double mutants exhibit a severe arm phenotype. (Chao et al., 2007) The Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev>shg^{dCR3h.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-rs} eye phenotype is enhanced in a arm⁴ background, both in terms of the under-rotation of ommatidia and in defects associated with ommatidial architecture and adhesion, such as the appearance of gaps between the ommatidia. The ommatidial rotation phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev>shg^{dCR3h.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-rs} mutants is partially suppressed in an arm⁴/+ background but gaps appear between ommatidia due to decreased adhesion. (Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006) The "lawn of denticles" cuticle phenotype seen in embryos carrying arm^{S12.T:Hsap\MYC} in an arm⁴ background is substantially rescued by expression of pan::pygo^{pygoΔPHD-ΔNTCF.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1} under the control of Scer\GAL4^arm.PS; a segmented pattern of denticle bands and naked cuticle is restored. (Thompson, 2004) The dorsal side of arm⁴/Y ; ena²¹⁰/ena²¹⁰ embryos is completely open. (Grevengoed et al., 2001) The addition of nkd² or nkd³ to arm⁴ embryos has no effect on the arm phenotype. (Rousset et al., 2001) Expression of Dl^Scer\UAS.cDa under the control of Scer\GAL4^btl.PS does not rescue tracheal dorsal trunk formation in arm⁴ embryos. (Chihara and Hayashi, 2000) Many photoreceptors are rescued from death in Apc^Q8 homozygotes carrying one copy of arm⁴. (Ahmed et al., 1998) Suppressed by a reduction in maternal, but not paternal, contribution from Df(3R)Espl22. (Cavallo et al., 1998) arm⁴; Abl¹/Abl⁴ embryos show disruptions in axonogenesis, including fused or missing commissures. The defects become more severe as development proceeds, such that, by stage 16, the central nervous system is dramatically disrupted. Abl^+mTnabl significantly reduces the central nervous system defects of arm⁴; Abl¹/In(3L)std11 embryos. The segment polarity phenotype of hemizygous embryos is suppressed by two copies of Abl⁴, or by Abl¹/Df(3L)st-j7. (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) N, wg¹ and arm⁴ triple mutants display, with about 10-20% penetrance, a perfect duplication of the notum charcateristic of wg mutations. (Couso and Martinez Arias, 1994)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference Heterozygosity for arm[4] partially abolishes the protective effect of Li[+] with respect to photoreceptor loss in Hsap\HTT[GMR.Q120] flies. (Berger et al., 2005)
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	arm⁴ is rescued by arm^+t10.5 (Riggleman et al., 1989) arm⁴ is rescued by arm^{S2.T:Hsap\MYC} (Orsulic and Peifer, 1996) arm⁴ is rescued by arm^{S4.T:Hsap\MYC} (Orsulic and Peifer, 1996) arm⁴ is rescued by arm^{S10.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC}/Scer\GAL4^btl.PS (Chihara and Hayashi, 2000) arm⁴ is rescued by Scer\GAL4^e22c/arm^{S2.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (Pai et al., 1997)
Partially rescued by	arm⁴ is partially rescued by arm^S8 (Orsulic and Peifer, 1996) arm⁴ is partially rescued by arm^{S14.T:Hsap\MYC} (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998) arm⁴ is partially rescued by arm^Scer\UAS.cKa/Scer\GAL4^arm.PS (Kessler and Müller, 2009) arm⁴ is partially rescued by arm^{ΔN-88.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL4^arm.PS (Kessler and Müller, 2009)
Not rescued by	arm⁴/arm^{S6.T:Hsap\MYC} is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS/arm^{Scer\UAS.T:TM-sev} (Thompson, 2004) arm⁴/arm^{S12.T:Hsap\MYC} is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS/arm^{Scer\UAS.T:TM-sev} (Thompson, 2004) arm⁴ is not rescued by arm^{m.Δ.M-N-.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}/Scer\GAL4^unspecified (Chan and Struhl, 2002)
Comments	The "lawn of denticles" cuticle phenotype seen in embryos carrying arm^{S6.T:Hsap\MYC} in an arm⁴ background is not rescued by ubiquitous expression of arm^{Scer\UAS.T:sev-TM} using Scer\GAL4^arm.PS. The "lawn of denticles" cuticle phenotype seen in embryos carrying arm^{S12.T:Hsap\MYC} in an arm⁴ background is not rescued by ubiquitous expression of arm^{Scer\UAS.T:sev-TM} using Scer\GAL4^arm.PS. Ubiquitous expression of arm^{S10.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} using Scer\GAL4^arm.PS produces ectopic naked cuticle in embryos carrying arm^{S6.T:Hsap\MYC} in an arm⁴ background. Ubiquitous expression of arm^{S10.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} using Scer\GAL4^arm.PS produces ectopic naked cuticle in embryos carrying arm^{S12.T:Hsap\MYC} in an arm⁴ background. (Thompson, 2004) Expression of arm^{S10.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control of Scer\GAL4^btl.PS rescues the formation of the tracheal dorsal trunk in arm⁴ embryos. (Chihara and Hayashi, 2000) The phenotype seen in RP2 neurons in embryos that are zygotically arm⁴ but have wild-type maternal arm is rescued by arm^{S14.T:Hsap\MYC}. (Loureiro and Peifer, 1998)
Stocks ( 2 )
Bloomington	616 y¹ arm⁴ w^*/FM7c, P{ftz/lacC}YH1
Kyoto	106010 y¹ arm⁴ w^*/FM7c, P{ftz/lacC}YH1
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

Comments
	FlyBase curator comment: FBrf0151816 has been retracted, see Struhl, 2004, Cell 116(3): 481. (Chan and Struhl, 2002) Used as cuticular marker to aid in identifying rescue of the N epidermal defect in embryos. (Struhl and Adachi, 1998) Association of arm protein with α-Cat and shg in vivo is assayed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. (Pai et al., 1996) Even when the oocyte is mispositioned it enlarges relative to the nurse cells, and follicle cells retract from nurse cells and become columnar atop the oocyte. There is a phenotypic series in the clonal germline phenotype that parallels the affect in embryos. (Peifer et al., 1993) Strong mutant allele.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 4 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	arm4m (Uddin et al., 2011) arm⁴ (Chao et al., 2007, Mirkovic et al., 2011, Jones et al., 2010, Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010, Berger et al., 2005, Mathew et al., 2011) arm^35YD (Kumar et al., 2001) arm^YD35 (Takahashi et al., 2005, Bauer et al., 2004, Brumby et al., 2004, Lee et al., 2003, Chao et al., 2003, Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001, Kubota et al., 2003, Myster et al., 2003, Geisbrecht and Montell, 2002, Grevengoed et al., 2001, Chan and Struhl, 2002, Rousset et al., 2001, Zervas et al., 2001, Tanentzapf et al., 2000, Cox et al., 2000, Chihara and Hayashi, 2000, Beitel and Krasnow, 2000, Zeng et al., 2000, Oda and Tsukita, 1999, Magie et al., 1999, Cavallo et al., 1998, Ahmed et al., 1998, Struhl and Adachi, 1998, Loureiro and Peifer, 1998, Pai et al., 1997, Oda et al., 1997, Miller and Moon, 1996, Pai et al., 1996, Orsulic and Peifer, 1996, Cox et al., 1996, Uemura et al., 1996, Peifer, 1995, Hooper, 1994, Couso and Martinez Arias, 1994, Peifer et al., 1993, Peifer et al., 1994, Peifer et al., 1993, Hoppe and Greenspan, 1990, Riggleman et al., 1989, Fox et al., 2005, Chao et al., 2007, Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006, Langevin et al., 2005, Kessler and Müller, 2009, Mitchell et al., 2008, Jones et al., 2010, Wang and Riechmann, 2007)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 68 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 68 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 63 ) Supplementary material ( 1 ) Review ( 3 ) Letter ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Mathew et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Biol. 31(24): 4978--4993 Role for traf4 in polarizing adherens junctions as a prerequisite for efficient cell shape changes. [FBrf0216703] Uddin et al., 2011, Int. J. Dev. Biol. 55(10-11-12): 945--952 The drumstick gene acts cell-non-autonomously and triggers specification of the small intestine in the Drosophila hindgut. [FBrf0217187] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...

Allele Dmel\arm4

Allele Dmel\arm⁴