C1895626T
C2968T
Q387term | arm-PA; Q387term | arm-PB; Q387term | arm-PC; Q387term | arm-PD; Q387term | arm-PE; Q387term | arm-PF
Nucleotide substitution: C2968T.
Amino acid replacement: ??term.
denticle | ectopic, with armS6.Tag:MYC
denticle | ectopic, with armS12.Tag:MYC
nurse cell & actin filament
nurse cell & nucleus
oocyte & actin filament
The position of the contractile ring at the end of constriction is unbiased along the apical-basal axis in mutant clones in the follicle cells, in contrast to wild type. The final position of the midbody ring is also disrupted in the mutant cells. At the clone border, wild-type cells always direct the midbody towards the wild-type neighbour.
The area of naked cuticle of arm4 mutant embryos is decreased compared to wild-type controls.
Hemizygous embryos have a strongly shortened cuticle which lacks anterior and head structures.
arm4 mutant clones sort away from wild-type cells and display epithelial integrity defects.
During oogenesis, arm4 mutant germ line clones cause oocyte mis-positioning. Also, in the follicular epithelium, arm4 mutant cells sort away from the wild-type cells and lose their epithelial integrity. arm4 mutant border cells do not migrate. Migration in arm4 mutant nurse cells is strongly blocked, although not inhibited.
Virtually all arm4/+ embryos show normal dorsal closure.
Embryos expressing armS6.T:Hsap\MYC in a arm4 background have a "lawn of denticles" cuticle phenotype. Embryos expressing armS12.T:Hsap\MYC in a arm4 background have a "lawn of denticles" cuticle phenotype.
Tube fusion at the adherens junction in the dorsal trunk is defective in mutants, fusion cells do not form E-cadherin contacts and associated fusion tracks.
arm4 somatic stem cell (SSC) clones in the ovary are lost more rapidly than wild-type clones. arm4 follicle cell clones form large patches similar to those formed by marked wild-type clones. The mutant follicle cells do not have the wild-type regular columnar shape. Mislocalisation of the oocyte can also be seen.
The addition of arm4 suppresses the eye phenotype seen in Hsap\MAPTGMR.Ex.PJ animals almost to wild-type, except for the anterior margin.
arm4 severely affects germline stem cell (GSC) maintenance in the ovary; more than 80% of mutant GSCs are lost 3 weeks after clone induction.
Posterior spiracles are present, but in an abnormal location, in mutant embryos and the tracheal dorsal trunk branch, dorsal branch 10 and spiracular branch 10 are absent.
Has no effect on the eye phenotype produced by activated arm constructs. (either armS44Y.GMR or armS56F.GMR).
Mutant embryos show a dramatic failure in epidermal patterning.
The size of the primary branches of the tracheal system is largely unaffected in embryos carrying armS14.T:Hsap\MYC in an arm4 background, even though segments of the dorsal trunk are disconnected.
Invagination of tracheal primordia is normal in zygotic arm4 embryos. The dorsal trunk is completely lost in these embryos and branch fusion does not occur.
Large follicle cell clones mutant for arm4 form a follicular epithelium. The follicle cells often develop a squamous cell morphology or show a multilayered structure.
Dorsal trunk branches are completely missing zygotic mutants.
Embryos that are zygotically arm4 but have wild-type maternal arm function have a partial set of RP2 neurons (70% of the normal number are formed). arm4 embryos have subtle ventral nervous system defects, including segmental gaps in the MP1 pathway. The pCC/MP2 pathway, although usually complete, undulates less than in wild-type embryos. The phenotype is not altered if the embryos also carry armS14.T:Hsap\MYC. Hemizygous embryos have a segment polarity phenotype.
Germline clones generate mutant germ cells that are frequently altered in position in the egg chamber, position of the oocyte is altered, cell shape and size are irregular and cells are multinucleated. No gaps are visible between the germ cells. Cell-cell adhesion by shg protein is not lost but the shg protein has lost its normal connection to the actin network.
Embryos have a strong segment polarity defect and show defects in dorsal closure. The lethality and cuticle phenotype of arm4 embryos is rescued by armS2.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC expressed using Scer\GAL4e22c. arm4 embryos expressing armS10.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC (using Scer\GAL4e22c) differentiate essentially only naked cuticle, similar to the phenotype of embryos expressing armS10.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC (using Scer\GAL4e22c) in a wild-type background. These embryos are shorter than wild-type.
Tracheal system is defective in the embryo, though Malpighian tubules are normal. Dorsal trachea trunks are missing, and lateral trunks do not link up.
Clonal analysis revealed that arm function within the germ line is not required for polarization of the follicle cells, however nurse cells and oocyte have altered shape and position. Cortical actin cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic actin filaments and ring canals are all disrupted in arm mutant germlines, the nurse cells' nuclei may be mis-positioned and there may be large aggregates of actin in both nurse cells and oocyte. In some mutant egg chambers border cell migration is perturbed. Unlaid eggs become surrounded by eggshells with normally positioned dorsal/anterior chorionic appendages and with a micropyle at the anterior end.
Strong segment polarity phenotype. Homozygous clone tissue dies in the imaginal discs of larvae suggesting that arm+ activity is required in late larval and pupal stages. Flies carrying one copy of P{arm10.5} die as pupae with a wg-like phenotype.
No protein. Embryos fail to close dorsally and much of the dorsal cuticle is missing. Segments are still recognizable but their segment polarity phenotype is very severe.
Clones of homozygous arm4 induced by mitotic recombination form denticles with reversed polarity. Changes in cell fate are autonomous at the level of single cells.
arm4 has cell migration defective | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.αTub84B/α-Cat::shgUASp.fl
arm4/arm[+] is an enhancer of planar polarity defective phenotype of Scer\GAL4hs.2sev, nmoUAS.cUa
arm4/arm[+] is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4en-e16E, crolUAS.cMa
arm4 is an enhancer of cell polarity defective phenotype of Scer\GAL4hs.2sev, shgdCR3h.UAS.sgGFP
arm4 is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4unspecified, nkdUAS.cZa
arm4/arm[+] is a non-enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4en-e16E, kermitGS2053
arm4/arm[+] is a suppressor | partially of cell polarity defective phenotype of CadNUAS.cIa, Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
arm4 is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Hsap\MAPTGMR.Ex.PJ
arm4/arm[+] is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4en-e16E, kermitGS2053
arm4 has commissure phenotype, enhanceable by Abl4/Abl1
arm4 has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype, enhanceable by Abl4/Abl1
Scer\GAL4e22c, arm4 has abdominal ventral denticle belt | embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by pav[+]/pavB200
arm4 has abdominal ventral denticle belt | embryonic stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by tum[+]/tumAR2
arm4 has wing phenotype, non-enhanceable by Atg4bP0997/Atg4bP0997
arm4 has contractile ring | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by α-Cat::shgGFP
arm4 has midbody | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by α-Cat::shgGFP
arm4 has epithelial cell | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.αTub84B/α-Cat::shgUASp.fl
arm4 has cytoskeleton | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.αTub84B/α-Cat::shgUASp.fl
arm4 has nurse cell | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.αTub84B/α-Cat::shgUASp.fl
arm4 has oocyte | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.αTub84B/α-Cat::shgUASp.fl
arm4, armS12.Tag:MYC has denticle | ectopic phenotype, suppressible | partially by pan::pygopygoΔPHD-ΔNTCF.UAS.Tag:HA/Scer\GAL4arm.PS
arm4, armS12.Tag:MYC has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype, suppressible | partially by pan::pygopygoΔPHD-ΔNTCF.UAS.Tag:HA/Scer\GAL4arm.PS
arm4 has embryonic epidermis phenotype, suppressible by p120ctn308/p120ctn308
arm4 has embryonic epidermis phenotype, suppressible by Df(3R)Espl22
arm4 has denticle belt phenotype, suppressible by Df(3R)Espl22
arm4 has embryonic epidermis phenotype, suppressible by pan2
arm4 has denticle belt phenotype, suppressible by pan2
arm4 has embryonic epidermis phenotype, suppressible by pan3
arm4 has denticle belt phenotype, suppressible by pan3
arm4 has phenotype, suppressible by Abl1/Df(3L)st-j7
Scer\GAL4e22c, arm4 has abdominal ventral denticle belt | embryonic stage phenotype, non-suppressible by pav[+]/pavB200
arm4 has abdominal ventral denticle belt | embryonic stage phenotype, non-suppressible by tum[+]/tumAR2
arm4 has wing phenotype, non-suppressible by Atg4bP0997/Atg4bP0997
arm4 has embryonic/larval dorsal trunk phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4btl.PS/DlUAS.cDa
arm4/arm[+] is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4hs.2sev, nmoUAS.cUa
arm4/arm[+] is an enhancer of wing blade posterior compartment phenotype of Scer\GAL4en-e16E, crolUAS.cMa
arm4 is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4hs.2sev, shgdCR3h.UAS.sgGFP
arm4 is an enhancer of wing margin phenotype of Scer\GAL4en-e16E, shgi.UAS.Tag:SS(aos),Tag:MYC
arm4/arm[+] is a non-enhancer of wing hair phenotype of Scer\GAL4en-e16E, kermitGS2053
arm4, Scer\GAL430A is a non-enhancer of wing phenotype of Pka-C1UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL430A
arm4/arm[+] is a non-enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of fafFO8/fafBX3
arm4/arm[+] is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4GMR.PU, miple1UAS.Tag:HA
arm4/arm[+] is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4hs.2sev, miple1UAS.Tag:HA
arm4/arm[+] is a suppressor of wing pouch | somatic clone phenotype of crolk05205
arm4 is a suppressor of eye | anterior phenotype of Hsap\MAPTGMR.Ex.PJ
arm4 is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Hsap\MAPTGMR.Ex.PJ
arm4 is a suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of Hsap\MAPTGMR.Ex.PJ
arm4 is a suppressor of eye photoreceptor cell phenotype of ApcQ8
arm4/arm[+] is a non-suppressor of wing hair phenotype of Scer\GAL4en-e16E, kermitGS2053
arm4, Scer\GAL430A is a non-suppressor of wing phenotype of Pka-C1UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL430A
CadNUAS.cIa, Scer\GAL4hs.2sev, arm4/arm[+] has ommatidium phenotype
Src42A6-1, arm4 has embryo | dorsal closure stage phenotype
Src42A6-1, arm4/arm[+] has embryo | dorsal closure stage phenotype
arm4, ena210 has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | dorsal phenotype
Scer\GAL4e22c, arm4, panΔN.UAS has embryonic epidermis phenotype
Scer\GAL4e22c, arm4, panΔN.UAS has denticle belt phenotype
Abl4/Abl1, arm4 has commissure phenotype
α-Cat::shgT:Avic\GFP rescues the defects in contractile ring and midbody ring positioning along the apical-basal axis which is seen in arm4 follicle cell clones.
An arm4 heterozygous mutant background suppresses the eye roughness seen in flies expressing miple1Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 under the control of Scer\GAL4GMR.PU.
An arm4 heterozygous mutant background enhances the ommatidial rotation phenotype seen in flies expressing miple1Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 under the control of Scer\GAL4hs.2sev.
arm4/+ enhances the ommatidial over-rotation phenotype which is caused by expression of nmoScer\UAS.cUa under the control of Scer\GAL4hs.2sev.
The reduced size of the posterior compartment of the wing that is seen in animals expressing crolScer\UAS.cMa under the control of Scer\GAL4en-e16E is enhanced is they are also heterozygous for arm4.
Analysis of 120 hour larval wing discs indicates that the growth of crolk05205 clones is restored if they are induced in a arm4/+ background compared to when they are induced in an otherwise wild-type background.
Approximately 58.2% of arm4/+ ; SoxNGA1192/+ double mutants appear phenotypically wild-type. Approximately 17.4% of mutants exhibit a 'lawn of denticles' phenotype, typical of arm mutants. The SoxNGA1192 mutation disrupts the dorsal pattern and reduces the size of the embryos. A SoxN-like phenotype is observed in approximately 17.6% of the double mutants. Approximately 6.8% of the double mutants exhibit a severe arm phenotype.
Approximately 55.2% of arm4/+ ; SoxNNC14/+ double mutants appear phenotypically wild-type. Approximately 19.9% of mutants exhibit a 'lawn of denticles' phenotype, typical of arm mutants. The SoxNNC14 mutation disrupts the dorsal pattern and reduces the size of the embryos. A SoxN-like phenotype is observed in approximately 17.5% of the double mutants. Approximately 7.4% of the double mutants exhibit a severe arm phenotype.
The Scer\GAL4hs.2sev>shgdCR3h.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-rs eye phenotype is enhanced in a arm4 background, both in terms of the under-rotation of ommatidia and in defects associated with ommatidial architecture and adhesion, such as the appearance of gaps between the ommatidia.
The ommatidial rotation phenotype of Scer\GAL4hs.2sev>shgdCR3h.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-rs mutants is partially suppressed in an arm4/+ background but gaps appear between ommatidia due to decreased adhesion.
The "lawn of denticles" cuticle phenotype seen in embryos carrying armS12.T:Hsap\MYC in an arm4 background is substantially rescued by expression of pan::pygopygoΔPHD-ΔNTCF.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 under the control of Scer\GAL4arm.PS; a segmented pattern of denticle bands and naked cuticle is restored.
Expression of DlScer\UAS.cDa under the control of Scer\GAL4btl.PS does not rescue tracheal dorsal trunk formation in arm4 embryos.
Suppressed by a reduction in maternal, but not paternal, contribution from Df(3R)Espl22.
arm4; Abl1/Abl4 embryos show disruptions in axonogenesis, including fused or missing commissures. The defects become more severe as development proceeds, such that, by stage 16, the central nervous system is dramatically disrupted. Abl+mTnabl significantly reduces the central nervous system defects of arm4; Abl1/In(3L)std11 embryos. The segment polarity phenotype of hemizygous embryos is suppressed by two copies of Abl4, or by Abl1/Df(3L)st-j7.
Heterozygosity for arm4 partially abolishes the protective effect of Li[+] with respect to photoreceptor loss in Hsap\HTTGMR.Q120 flies.
Expression of shg::α-CatScer\UAS.fl in arm4/+ mutant follicle cells using the MARCM system and Scer\GAL4Scer\FRT.Rnor\CD2.αTub84B fully rescues oocyte positioning, sorting, and integrity of follicular epithelia, as well as border cell migration.
arm4 is rescued by armUASp.Y667F/Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.αTub84B/armY667F.Scer\UAS
arm4 is rescued by armY667F.PP
arm4 is rescued by Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.αTub84B/armUAS.cPa
arm4 is rescued by armS10.UAS.Tag:MYC/Scer\GAL4btl.PS
arm4 is rescued by Scer\GAL4e22c/armS2.UAS.Tag:MYC
arm4 is rescued by armS2.Tag:MYC
arm4 is rescued by armS4.Tag:MYC
arm4 is partially rescued by armΔN-88.UAS/Scer\GAL4arm.PS
arm4 is partially rescued by armUAS.cKa/Scer\GAL4arm.PS
arm4 is partially rescued by armS14.Tag:MYC
arm4/armS12.Tag:MYC is not rescued by Scer\GAL4arm.PS/armUAS.Tag:M(sev)
arm4/armS6.Tag:MYC is not rescued by Scer\GAL4arm.PS/armUAS.Tag:M(sev)
Expression of armY667F.PP in nurse cells, or armY667F.Scer\UAS in follicle and border cells clones, using the MARCM system, in a arm4 mutant clone, rescues migration defects caused by the absence of endogenous arm in border and nurse cells, along with both the sorting and follicular epithelium integrity.
Expression of armWT.PP in nurse cells, or armScer\UAS.cPa in follicle and border cells clones, using the MARCM system, in a arm4 mutant clone, rescues migration defects caused by the absence of endogenous arm in border and nurse cells, along with both the sorting and follicular epithelium integrity.
Expression of shg::α-CatScer\UAS.fl can suppress arm4 clone phenotypes such as follicle cell sorting, loss of epithelial integrity, and oocyte mis-positioning, as well as the migration defects of arm4 mutant border cell clones.
The "lawn of denticles" cuticle phenotype seen in embryos carrying armS6.T:Hsap\MYC in an arm4 background is not rescued by ubiquitous expression of armScer\UAS.T:sev-TM using Scer\GAL4arm.PS. The "lawn of denticles" cuticle phenotype seen in embryos carrying armS12.T:Hsap\MYC in an arm4 background is not rescued by ubiquitous expression of armScer\UAS.T:sev-TM using Scer\GAL4arm.PS. Ubiquitous expression of armS10.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC using Scer\GAL4arm.PS produces ectopic naked cuticle in embryos carrying armS6.T:Hsap\MYC in an arm4 background. Ubiquitous expression of armS10.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC using Scer\GAL4arm.PS produces ectopic naked cuticle in embryos carrying armS12.T:Hsap\MYC in an arm4 background.
Expression of armS10.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC under the control of Scer\GAL4btl.PS rescues the formation of the tracheal dorsal trunk in arm4 embryos.
The phenotype seen in RP2 neurons in embryos that are zygotically arm4 but have wild-type maternal arm is rescued by armS14.T:Hsap\MYC.
Strong mutant allele.
Used as cuticular marker to aid in identifying rescue of the N epidermal defect in embryos.
Even when the oocyte is mispositioned it enlarges relative to the nurse cells, and follicle cells retract from nurse cells and become columnar atop the oocyte. There is a phenotypic series in the clonal germline phenotype that parallels the affect in embryos.
Association of arm protein with α-Cat and shg in vivo is assayed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting.