FB2021_06, released December 14, 2021

Allele: Dmel\arr2

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\arr2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
FlyBase ID
FBal0000724
Feature type
allele
Associated gene
Dmel\arr
Associated Insertion(s)
Carried in Construct
Also Known As
arrIIW
Key Links
Genomic Maps
Allele class
Mutagen
Nature of the Allele
Allele class
Mutagen
ethyl methanesulfonate
(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome
 
Type
Location
Additional Notes
References
point_mutation
2R:13,457,462..13,457,462 [-]
Nucleotide change:

C13457462T

Amino acid change:

R753term | arr-PA

Reported amino acid change:

?753term

Comment:

Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change.

(Wehrli et al., 2000)
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank
DNA sequence
Protein sequence
 
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
       
      Progenitor genotype
      Cytology
      Nature of the lesion
      Statement
      Reference

      The premature stop codon is introduced between EGF-like repeats 2 and 3.

      (Wehrli et al., 2000)

      Amino acid replacement: ?753term.

      (Wehrli et al., 2000)
      Expression Data
      Reporter Expression
      Additional Information
      Statement
      Reference
       
      Marker for
      Reflects expression of
      Reporter construct used in assay
      Human Disease Associations
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
       
      Disease-implicated variant(s)
       
      Phenotypic Data
      Phenotypic Class
      Phenotype Manifest In
      Detailed Description
      Statement
      Reference

      Wing disc clones of arr2 completely invaginate and extrude from the basal side.

      (Han et al., 2020)

      arr2/arrk08131 larvae have significantly reduced bouton number and significantly increased bouton size at the neuromuscular junction of muscle 4, compared to controls.

      (Huang et al., 2018)

      Maternally and zygotically mutant arr2 embryos (coming from mothers whose whole germline constitutes from arr2 mutant cells only - created by the OvoD germline clone technique) show a segment polarity phenotype and no naked cuticle between denticle belts on the ventral epidermis (resulting in a lawn of denticles).

      (Mannava and Tolwinski, 2015)

      Embryos mutant for both maternal and zygotic arr2 show lawns of denticles uninterrupted by naked cuticle.

      (Metcalfe et al., 2010)

      In clones mutant for arr2, the peripheral ommatidia do not undergo programmed cell death and so fail to release their associated 2o and 3o pigment cells to join the pigment rim. As a consequence, the pigment rim in arr2 clones is significantly reduced in relation to neighbouring wild-type tissue.

      (Lim and Tomlinson, 2006)

      Somatic clones of arr2 homozygous cells in the wing pouch region of third instar wing discs are smaller on average than their wild-type twin spots (P=1.6x10-7). Mutant wing pouch clones are associated with increased apoptosis marker expression. When these clones fall in the notum region of this disc there is no difference in mutant clone and twin spot size.

      (Giraldez and Cohen, 2003)

      Homozygous clones are not recovered in the wing pouch when the clones are induced early, although small mutant clones are detected in the wing pouch and hinge cells.

      (Johnston and Sanders, 2003)

      Clones expressing arr2 that are induced at the anterior margin in the ventral part of the eye have extra ommatidia in the position normally occupied by the pigment rim. arr2 clones can violate the normal margin and grow out into the head region. Such ectopic eye tissue is heavily bristled. However, in clones that respect the normal eye boundary, the only observed phenotype is the presence of bristles adjacent to the head capsule.

      (Tomlinson, 2003)

      Early induced clones do not survive well.

      (Wehrli et al., 2001)

      Clones in the wing cause notching with loss of margin bristles.

      (Wehrli et al., 2000)

      Homozygous clones in the eye produce two distinct effects that occur at roughly the same frequency. Firstly, homozygous clones induce ectopic differentiation of the retina ahead of the morphogenetic furrow. Secondly, clones that do not induce ectopic differentiation show clear repolarising effects in the equatorial/polar axis, inducing polarity reversals on their equatorial side. At the poles, the clones exert their maximal influence into surrounding wild-type tissue, inverting the polarity over many ommatidial rows. This effect diminishes progressively with the distance of the clone from the pole, disappearing at the equator. Within the clone, the chiralities of the ommatidia are not randomly arranged; in the equatorial region of the clone the ommatidia are inverted into the inappropriate form found in neighbouring wild-type tissue, but in the polar regions of the clone, the ommatidia are of the correct chiral form (the form found polar to the clone).

      (Wehrli and Tomlinson, 1998)
      External Data
      Interactions
      Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
      Phenotypic Class
      Enhanced by
      Statement
      Reference

      arr2 has abnormal cell growth | somatic clone phenotype, enhanceable by pucE69/puc[+]

      (Giraldez and Cohen, 2003)
      NOT Enhanced by
      Suppressed by
      NOT suppressed by
      Suppressor of
      Statement
      Reference

      arrk08131/arr2 is a suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage phenotype of nwk2

      (Rodal et al., 2011)

      arr2 is a suppressor | somatic clone of visible phenotype of wgGMR.PW

      (Wehrli and Tomlinson, 1998)
      Other
      Statement
      Reference

      arr2, egh[+]/egh62d18 has abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage phenotype

      (Huang et al., 2018)
      Phenotype Manifest In
      NOT Enhanced by
      Suppressed by
      NOT suppressed by
      Suppressor of
      Statement
      Reference

      arrk08131/arr2 is a suppressor of NMJ bouton | increased number | larval stage phenotype of nwk2

      (Rodal et al., 2011)

      arr2 is a suppressor | somatic clone of ommatidium phenotype of wgGMR.PW

      (Wehrli and Tomlinson, 1998)
      NOT Suppressor of
      Other
      Additional Comments
      Genetic Interactions
      Statement
      Reference

      arr2/+; egh62d18/+ double heterozygotes have significantly reduced bouton number and significantly increased bouton size at the neuromuscular junction of muscle 4, compared to controls, unlike either heterozygote alone.

      (Huang et al., 2018)

      The segment polarity phenotype and the lack of naked cuticle between denticle belts, resulting in a lawn of denticles on the ventral epidermis, characteristic for maternally and zygotically mutant arr2 embryos is not modified by Scer\GAL4da.PU-driven expression of any of the following: sggScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B,T:Ivir\HA1, sggKK-MI.Scer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B,T:Ivir\HA1, or sggScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1.

      (Mannava and Tolwinski, 2015)

      The increase in average satellite bouton number at the neuromuscular junction which is seen in nwk2 larvae is suppressed if they are also carrying arrk08131/arr2.

      (Rodal et al., 2011)

      None of the embryos that are mutant for both maternal and zygotic arr2 and express Scer\GAL4prd.RG1>dshScer\UAS.cAa exhibit broad stripes of excess cuticle. Some of the embryos show occasional small patches of naked cuticle within their denticle lawns.

      Expression of dshDIX.Scer\UAS.T:ctail-arr in arr2 mutants under the control of Scer\GAL4arm.PS produces embryos with completely naked cuticles.

      (Metcalfe et al., 2010)

      Recovery of arr2 homozygous somatic clones in third instar wing discs (induced at around 60 hours after egg laying) is reduced by the presence of pucE69/+ (10/25 twinspots vs 21/29 in a wild-type background).

      pucScer\UAS.cMa; Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL only partially rescues arr2 homozygous somatic clone size in the wing disc: these clones are on average 32% of twin-spot clone size, compared to 17% in the absence of pucScer\UAS.cMa.

      Recovery of arr2 M(2)53+ homozygous somatic clones in a M(2)531/+; arr2/+ background is less than arr+; M(2)53+ controls in the same background (clone survival assayed in third instar wing discs; induced at around 60 hours after egg laying).

      (Giraldez and Cohen, 2003)

      Recovery of arr2 homozygous somatic clones in third instar wing discs (induced at around 60 hours after egg laying) is reduced by the presence of pucE69/+ (10/25 twinspots vs 21/29 in a wild-type background). pucScer\UAS.cMa; Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL only partially rescues arr2 homozygous somatic clone size in the wing disc: These clones are on average 32% of twin-spot clone size, compared to 17% in the absence of pucScer\UAS.cMa. BacA\p35Scer\UAS.cHa; Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL only partially rescues arr2 homozygous somatic clone size in the wing disc: These clones are on average 56% of twin-spot clone size, compared to 17% in the absence of BacA\p35Scer\UAS.cHa. Many mutant clone cells sort out below the disc epithelium. Flow cytometry analysis of these mutant clone cells shows an increase in the fraction of cells in G2 at the expense of cells in G1 compared to wild-type control cells. Recovery of arr2 M(2)53+ homozygous somatic clones in a M(2)531/+; arr2/+ background is less than arr+; M(2)53+ controls in the same background (clone survival assayed in third instar wing discs; induced at around 60 hours after egg laying).

      (Giraldez and Cohen, 2003)

      Clone size is substantially increased in arr2 mutant clones in the wing disc if they are also expressing BacA\p35Scer\UAS.cHa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL.

      (Johnston and Sanders, 2003)

      The periodic character of the cuticles made by sggM11; arm8 maternal/zygotic double mutant embryos is suppressed by arr2/arr2, with the resulting cuticle tending toward denticle cell fates. The loss of naked cuticle in arr2/arr2 embryos is partially suppressed by arr::fz2arr.intra.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC; Scer\GAL4prd.RG1. Suppression is more robust in more anterior segments.

      (Tolwinski et al., 2003)

      The notching and loss of margin bristles seen in arr2 clones in the wing is not suppressed if fz2Scer\UAS.cCa is expressed in these flies under the control of Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096.

      (Wehrli et al., 2000)

      Flies expressing wgGMR.PW have very small eyes consisting almost entirely of pigment cells. arr2 clones induced in these eyes show an autonomous rescue of ommatidia.

      (Wehrli and Tomlinson, 1998)
      Xenogenetic Interactions
      Statement
      Reference

      BacA\p35Scer\UAS.cHa; Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL only partially rescues arr2 homozygous somatic clone size in the wing disc: these clones are on average 56% of twin-spot clone size, compared to 17% in the absence of BacA\p35Scer\UAS.cHa. Many mutant clone cells sort out below the disc epithelium. Flow cytometry analysis of these mutant clone cells shows an increase in the fraction of cells in G2 at the expense of cells in G1 compared to wild-type control cells.

      (Giraldez and Cohen, 2003)
      Complementation and Rescue Data
      Images (0)
      Mutant
      Wild-type
      Stocks (4)
      Notes on Origin
      Discoverer
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (4)
      References (34)