FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\cact[7]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\cact⁷

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0001513

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\cact

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

cact^A2, cactus^A2

Key Links

Allele class

loss of function allele

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

loss of function allele

(Govind et al., 1993, Ray et al., 1991)

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12, Roth et al., 1991, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Disease

Interaction

References

ameliorates nervous system disease

modeled by Atpα^CJ10

(Talsma et al., 2014)

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

lethal | recessive

(Roth et al., 1991)

melanotic mass phenotype

(Braun et al., 1998, Govind, 1996, Lemaitre et al., 1995)

partially lethal - majority die

(Govind, 1996)

partially lethal - majority die | dominant

(Lin et al., 2000)

partially lethal - majority die | recessive

(Qiu et al., 1998)

viable

(Lemaitre et al., 1996, Lemaitre et al., 1995)

Phenotype Manifest In

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

cact⁷ embryos exhibit a strong ventralized phenotype; the laterally derived cephalic fold initiates dorsally after the onset of gastrulation.

(Chen et al., 2006)

Homozygous and cact⁷/cact^E10R01 mutant third instar larvae have melanotic nodules found in the hemocoel or in association with He-positive lymph glands. They also show gut melanisation not accompanied by tissue overgrowth or hemocyte encapsulation.

Approximately half of the melanotic nodules found in cact⁷ larvae are surrounded by lamellocytes, while the other half consist of tissue agglomerates that contain one or more melanised foci and also tube-like structures, which are possibly tracheae, visceral muscles and polyploid cells.

(Minakhina and Steward, 2006)

cact⁷ flies show similar mortality levels to wild-type flies in response to feeding with both the ROS-resistant KNU53775 yeast strain and a standard yeast strain (W303).

(Ryu et al., 2006)

The concentration of circulating hemocytes in homozygous larvae is increased compared to controls. The fraction of podocytes and lamellocytes is increased compared to controls.

(Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002)

Lamellocytes appear in circulation during the second instar stage in cact⁷/cact³ larvae and are abundant in the hemolymph of third instar larvae (5-20%), where they participate in the formation of melanotic tumours. The crystal cell population is not affected. Lamellocytes are present in the lymph glands of third instar mutant larvae.

(Lanot et al., 2001)

About 30% of cact⁷ heterozygotes die as embryos and show mostly a weak ventralised phenotype.

(Lin et al., 2000)

Embryos derived from dl¹ cact⁷ mothers carrying either dl^+mWT, dl^S70A, dl^S79A, dl^S103A or dl^S213A are strongly ventralised and do not hatch. Embryos derived from dl¹ cact⁷ mothers carrying dl^S312A are severely dorsalised. Embryos derived from dl¹ cact⁷ mothers carrying dl^S317A are lateralised.

(Drier et al., 1999)

Larvae contain free-floating melanotic masses.

(Braun et al., 1998)

30% of eggs laid by heterozygous females do not hatch and are weakly ventralised. The fraction of eggs that do not hatch is increased if the female also carries dl^{RHR.Hsp83.T:Ecol\lacZ}, dl^{84-342.Hsp83.T:Ecol\lacZ}, dl^{138-342.Hsp83.T:Ecol\lacZ} or dl^{222-342.Hsp83.T:Ecol\lacZ}.

(Govind et al., 1996)

In the absence of immune challenge the antifungal gene Drs is constitutively expressed.

(Lemaitre et al., 1996)

Homozygous females produce strongly ventralised embryos. Larvae exhibit a melanotic tumour phenotype. There is some lethality at the end of the larval stage.

(Lemaitre et al., 1995)

Cell intercalation in lateralized cact mutant embryos proceeds normally during germ band extension.

(Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)

72% of embryos from heterozygous mothers hatch, but none hatch in presence of additional dl protein. Females transheterozygous for a cact gain of function allele and a loss of function allele result in embryos in which ventral structures are progressively lost at the expense of dorsal structures as the strength of the loss of function allele increases.

(Govind et al., 1993)

Interacts with RpII140^wimp maternal effect.

(Parkhurst and Ish-Horowicz, 1991)

Ventralized embryos: rings or patches of ventral denticles along dorsoventral axis, expansion of mesoderm at expense of ectoderm. Altered pattern of dpp and zen and expansion of twi and sna expression domain.

(Ray et al., 1991)

Strong ventralizing phenotype: lack of all dorsally and laterally derived structures and the expansion of the ventral epidermis around the entire circumference. Expansion of twi expression in terminal regions.

(Roth et al., 1991)

Very strong cact allele.

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

cact⁷ has semi-sterile phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS/cactin^UAS.cLa

(Lin et al., 2000)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

cact⁷ has partially lethal - majority die | recessive phenotype, suppressible by pll¹/pll¹⁰

(Qiu et al., 1998)

cact⁷ has partially lethal - majority die | recessive phenotype, suppressible by Tl^r2/Df(3R)ro80b

(Qiu et al., 1998)

cact⁷ has partially lethal - majority die | recessive phenotype, suppressible by tub²

(Qiu et al., 1998)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

cact⁷ has partially lethal - majority die | recessive phenotype, non-suppressible by gd²

(Qiu et al., 1998)

cact⁷ has partially lethal - majority die | recessive phenotype, non-suppressible by snk¹

(Qiu et al., 1998)

cact⁷ has partially lethal - majority die | recessive phenotype, non-suppressible by snk²

(Qiu et al., 1998)

cact⁷ has partially lethal - majority die | recessive phenotype, non-suppressible by ea^D4

(Qiu et al., 1998)

cact⁷ has partially lethal - majority die | recessive phenotype, non-suppressible by ea²

(Qiu et al., 1998)

cact⁷ has partially lethal - majority die | recessive phenotype, non-suppressible by spz²

(Qiu et al., 1998)

cact⁷ has partially lethal - majority die | recessive phenotype, non-suppressible by spz⁴

(Qiu et al., 1998)

cact⁷ has partially lethal - majority die | recessive phenotype, non-suppressible by dl¹

(Qiu et al., 1998)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

cact⁷ has embryo phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS/cactin^UAS.cLa

(Lin et al., 2000)

Other

Statement

Reference

cact⁷, wek^lor has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | lateral phenotype

(Chen et al., 2006)

cact⁷, mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval lymph gland phenotype

(Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

wek^lor, cact⁷ embryos show a lateralized phenotype, as revealed by the presence of rings of laterally derived ventral denticle belts.

(Chen et al., 2006)

Many of the melanotic nodules seen in cact⁷ dl² double mutant larvae are of hematopoietic origin; they are located in the hemocoel and lymph glands and consist of large, flat F-actin-rich lamellocytes or both lamellocyte and plasmatocyte-like cells. Melanotic agglomerates containing different tissue types are not seen in the double mutants (in contrast to cact⁷ single mutants).

(Minakhina and Steward, 2006)

The concentration of circulating hemocytes in mxc^G43/Y ; cact⁷/cact⁷ larvae is less than the number seen in either single mutant. The lymph glands of the double mutant larvae are very fragile, show severe overgrowth and contain high numbers of differentiated blood cells. There is intense mitotic activity in these glands. There is no increase in apoptotic cell death in these glands.

(Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002)

The addition of cactin^Scer\UAS.cLa driven by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS to cact⁷ homozygotes leads to a marked decrease in fertility and an enhancement of the ventralised phenotype.

(Lin et al., 2000)

cact⁷ dom^k08108 double mutant larvae contain melanotic masses, although their frequency is markedly reduced compared to cact⁷ single mutant larvae and the masses are devoid of hemocytes.

(Braun et al., 1998)

The zygotic semi-lethality of cact⁷ homozygotes is not suppressed by gd², snk¹, snk², ea^D4, ea², spz², spz⁴ or dl¹. The zygotic semi-lethality of cact⁷ homozygotes is strongly suppressed by Tl^r2/Df(3R)ro80b, tub² or pll¹⁰/pll¹.

(Qiu et al., 1998)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Partially rescued by

cact³/cact⁷ is partially rescued by cact^UAS.cQa/Scer\GAL4^T98

(Qiu et al., 1998)

cact³/cact⁷ is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^T59/cact^UAS.cQa

(Qiu et al., 1998)

cact³/cact⁷ is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^e33C/cact^UAS.cQa

(Qiu et al., 1998)

Not rescued by

cact³/cact⁷ is not rescued by cact^UAS.cQa/Scer\GAL4^e13C

(Qiu et al., 1998)

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

34501

Adc^b-1 cact⁷ pr¹/CyO

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Overexpression of dl phenocopies the loss of function mutant cact phenotype.

(Govind et al., 1993)

P{Dipt2.2-lacZ} is not induced in homozygous larvae.

(Lemaitre et al., 1995)

cact⁷ dl¹ double mutants also exhibit melanotic tumours.

(Govind, 1996)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Cact⁷

(Talsma et al., 2014)

cact⁷

(Fanti et al., 2017)

cact[A2]

(Fontenele et al., 2013)

cactus^A2

(Chen et al., 2006, Lin et al., 2000, Braun et al., 1998)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (42)

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