Allele Dmel\cg¹

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\cg¹	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0001596
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\cg

Allele class
Mutagen	spontaneous
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class
Mutagen	spontaneous
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Insertion of approximately 6kb in cg. (Svendsen et al., 2000)
Caused by insertion	?{}cg¹ (Svendsen et al., 2000)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	female sterile \| recessive hyperplasia \| recessive viable (Svendsen et al., 2000) visible (with cg³) (Svendsen et al., 2000) visible (with cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹) (Campbell and Tomlinson, 2000, Svendsen et al., 2000) visible \| recessive (Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990, Svendsen et al., 2000, Campbell and Tomlinson, 2000)
Phenotype Manifest In
	antenna (Svendsen et al., 2000) leg (Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990, Svendsen et al., 2000) macrochaeta (with cg^k11504) (Song et al., 2000) mesothoracic leg (Svendsen et al., 2000) prothoracic tibial transverse row bristle \| supernumerary (with cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹) (Svendsen et al., 2000) sex comb sex comb \| supernumerary (Svendsen et al., 2000, Campbell and Tomlinson, 2000) sex comb \| supernumerary (with cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹) (Campbell and Tomlinson, 2000, Svendsen et al., 2000) ventral thoracic disc (with cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹) (Svendsen et al., 2000) wing (Svendsen et al., 2000) wing \| posterior compartment (with cg³) (Svendsen et al., 2000) wing \| posterior compartment (with cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹) (Svendsen et al., 2000) wing margin \| anterior (Svendsen et al., 2000) wing margin \| anterior (with cg³) (Svendsen et al., 2000) wing margin \| anterior (with cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹) (Svendsen et al., 2000) wing vein (with cg^k11504) (Song et al., 2000) wing vein L2 (with cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹) (Svendsen et al., 2000) wing vein L4 (Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990, Svendsen et al., 2000, Campbell and Tomlinson, 2000) wing vein L4 (with cg³) (Svendsen et al., 2000) wing vein L4 (with cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹) (Campbell and Tomlinson, 2000, Svendsen et al., 2000) wing vein L5 (Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990, Svendsen et al., 2000) wing vein L5 (with cg³) (Svendsen et al., 2000) wing vein L5 (with cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹) (Svendsen et al., 2000)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Homozygous and cg¹/cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹ flies have gaps in wing vein L4. Homozygous and cg¹/cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹ males have extra sex comb teeth. (Campbell and Tomlinson, 2000) cg¹/cg^k11504 transheterozygotes show pleiotropic defects in bristle number, wing venation and oogenesis. (Song et al., 2000) Homozygotes have phenotypes in the wing, leg and antenna. Approximately 10% of cg¹/cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹ and 50% of cg¹/cg³ animals eclose to adult stages, with most of the remaining animals dying as pharate adults. cg¹/cg¹, cg¹/cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹ and cg¹/cg³ flies have defects in some combination of the posterior compartment longitudinal veins L4 and L5. Defects in vein L4, ranging from a slight thinning of the vein to gaps of increasing size are seen in 100% of wings of all three allelic combinations. Defects in wing vein L5 are seen in approximately 40% of cg¹/cg¹ wings, while less than 25% of cg¹/cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹ and cg¹/cg³ flies have wing vein L5 defects. 40% of cg¹/cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹ flies have truncations of wing vein L2. This is rarely seen in cg¹/cg¹ or cg¹/cg³ flies. Rarely (less than 1%), all three genotypes show outgrowths in the costal region of the anterior wing margin. Homozygous males have a few extra sex comb bristles. Bifurcated mesothoracic legs are occasionally seen. cg¹/cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹ leg discs show overgrowth in the anterior/posterior axis. cg¹/cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹ flies have expanded transverse rows and sex combs. (Svendsen et al., 2000) Terminal gaps in wing vein L4 and homozygotes have intercalary gaps in wing vein L5. Also abnormalities in legs and in oogenesis. (Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990) Oogenesis highly irregular. (Beatty, 1949) Sex combs of male extremely large. Number of sex comb teeth increased from 10 to 18; number of bractless bristles increased; width of distal portion of basitarsus increased 1.6 fold; total number of bristles on basitarsus increased in both sexes (FBrf0065640; FBrf0063395). Some distortion and shortening of legs. Wings show gap in vein L4 between posterior crossvein and margin. Wings slightly curved. Effects result from a combination of overgrowth and irregular folding of imaginal rudiments during the pupal period. RK2.
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Other
Statement Reference cg¹, l(2)gd1¹ has hyperplasia \| recessive phenotype (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997) cg¹, l(2)gd1¹ has lethal \| recessive phenotype (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997) Df(2R)en-11/+, cg¹ has visible \| dominant phenotype (Svendsen et al., 2000)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference cg¹ has phenotype, enhanceable by d^unspecified (Waddington, 1953) cg¹ has phenotype, enhanceable by ds^unspecified (Waddington, 1953) cg¹ has phenotype, enhanceable by fj^unspecified (Waddington, 1953) cg¹ has phenotype, enhanceable by ss^a (Waddington, 1953)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹/cg¹ has prothoracic tibial transverse row bristle \| supernumerary phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1/ci^{Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1} (Svendsen et al., 2000) cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹/cg¹ has sex comb \| supernumerary phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1/ci^{Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1} (Svendsen et al., 2000) cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹/cg¹ has ventral thoracic disc phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1/ci^{Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1} (Svendsen et al., 2000)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference cg¹ has phenotype, non-suppressible by su(Hw)² (Lindsley and Grell, 1968)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference cg¹ is an enhancer of phenotype of ci^W (House, 1953)
Other
Statement Reference cg¹, ci^unspecified has wing vein L4 phenotype (Waddington, 1953) cg¹, en¹ has wing vein L4 phenotype (House, 1961) cg¹, l(2)gd1¹ has eye-antennal disc phenotype (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997, Buratovich and Bryant, 1997) cg¹, l(2)gd1¹ has female genital disc phenotype (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997, Buratovich and Bryant, 1997) cg¹, l(2)gd1¹ has haltere disc phenotype (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997, Buratovich and Bryant, 1997) cg¹, l(2)gd1¹ has mesothoracic leg disc phenotype (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997, Buratovich and Bryant, 1997) cg¹, l(2)gd1¹ has metathoracic leg disc phenotype (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997, Buratovich and Bryant, 1997) cg¹, l(2)gd1¹ has wing disc phenotype (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997, Buratovich and Bryant, 1997) Df(2R)en-11/+, cg¹ has wing vein L4 phenotype (Svendsen et al., 2000)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference Df(2R)en-11/+ ; cg¹/+ double heterozygotes have a gap in wing vein L4. The abnormal leg disc morphology of cg¹/cg⁰⁷⁶⁵⁹ animals is substantially rescued by ci^{Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1} expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1. The adult transverse row and sex comb phenotypes are also partially rescued. (Svendsen et al., 2000) Wing discs from l(2)gd1¹, cg¹ double mutants show a variety of extra folds and extensive overgrowth. The second and third leg, haltere, female genital and eye-antenna discs all show duplication of various structures. These animals fail to form pharate adults and die as larvae or pupae. (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997) Enhanced when homozygous by homozygous mutant alleles of d, fj, ds and by ss^a. Double heterozygote with ci often shows gap in wing vein L4. (Waddington, 1953)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Fails to complement	cg³ (Svendsen et al., 2000)
Rescued by	cg¹ is rescued by cg^+t103 (Svendsen et al., 2000) cg¹ is rescued by cg^+t104 (Svendsen et al., 2000) cg¹ is rescued by cg^+t105 (Svendsen et al., 2000) cg¹ is rescued by cg^+t111 (Svendsen et al., 2000)
Comments
Stocks ( 5 )
Bloomington	252 cg¹ c¹/SM5 253 cg¹ c¹/In(2LR)U, U¹ 292 dw-24E¹ l(2)cg¹ cg¹/SM5
Kyoto	105816 cg¹ c¹/In(2LR)U, U¹ 105838 dw-24E¹ l(2)cg¹ cg¹/SM5
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

Comments
	Sex-comb phenotype enhanced by sn or Pc/Scr. (Datta and Mukherjee, 1968) Double heterozygote en¹ cg¹/++ has slight degree of L4 interruption and thinning at low temperature. Triple heterozygote en¹ cg¹/++; ci^unspecified/+ has L4 interruption in half the flies. (House, 1961) ci^W interacts strongly with cg¹. cg¹/+; ci^W/+ resembles ci^W/ci^W. (House, 1953)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 1 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	cg¹ (Pilgram et al., 2011)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 12 )
Research paper	Pilgram et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(2): 492--500 The RhoGAP crossveinless-c Interacts with Dystrophin and Is Required for Synaptic Homeostasis at the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction. [FBrf0212767] Campbell and Tomlinson, 2000, Development 127(19): 4095--4103 Transcriptional regulation of the Hedgehog effector CI by the zinc-finger gene combgap. [FBrf0129753] Song et al., 2000, Mol. Cell 6(5): 1143--1154 Combgap relays wingless signal reception to the determination of cortical cell fate in the Drosophila visual system. [FBrf0131401] Svendsen et al., 2000, Development 127(19): 4083--4093 The combgap locus encodes a zinc-finger protein that regulates cubitus interruptus during limb development in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0130102] Buratovich and Bryant, 1997, Genetics 147(2): 657--670 Enhancement of overgrowth by gene interactions in lethal(2)giant discs imaginal discs from Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0098751] Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990, Rouxs Arch. Dev. Biol. 198(6): 336--354 Genetic analysis of the wing vein pattern of Drosophila. [FBrf0052918] Waddington, 1953, J. Genet. 51: 243--258 The interactions of some morphogenetic genes in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0009040] Beatty, 1949, Proc. r. Soc. Edinb. B. Biol. 63: 249--270 Studies on reproduction in wild-type and female sterile mutants of Drosophila melanogaster Meig. [FBrf0007527]
Abstract	Datta and Mukherjee, 1968, Int. Congr. Genet. 12 1: 146 Effects of the mutant combgap (cg) on the basitarsal bristle pattern in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0065640] House, 1961, Genetics 46: 871 Mutant effects in multiple heterozygotes of recessive venation mutants in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0014198] House, 1953, Genetics 38: 669--670 Some observations on the interaction of comb-gap with Hairless, engrailed and alleles at the cubitus interruptus locus in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0009163]
Book	Lindsley and Grell, 1968, Publs Carnegie Instn 627: 469pp Genetic variations of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0020044]

Allele Dmel\cg1

Allele Dmel\cg¹