Allele Dmel\D³

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\D³	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0002211
Feature type	allele	Created / Updated	2006-08-22/2006-08-22
Associated gene	Dmel\D

Allele class	amorph, loss of function
Mutagen	spontaneous
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorph (Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 2000) loss of function (Russell et al., 1996)
Mutagen	spontaneous (Carpenter, 1994, Russell et al., 1996)
Mapped Features and Mutations
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype	D¹ (Carpenter, 1994, Russell et al., 1996, Russell, 1999.1.25) In(3L)D (Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 2000)
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Shares the D¹ breakpoint as well as an additional DNA lesion within 1kb of the 3' end of the D transcription unit. (Russell et al., 1996) Breaks in 3' D regulatory sequences. (Russell, 1998.3.2) Deletion of the 3' portion of the D transcription unit. Protein null when assayed in whole mount embryos with anti-D antisera. (Russell, 1999.1.25) The D³ allele is a partial revertant of D¹. It retains the inversion; however it has suffered an additional DNA lesion within the coding sequence of the D transcription unit. (Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 2000)
Assay mode
Caused by aberration	In(3L)D³ (Carpenter, 1994, Russell, 1998.3.2, Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 2000, Russell et al., 1996)
Carried on aberration	TM6B-D (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal \| recessive (Russell et al., 1996, Russell, 1998.3.2) visible \| dominant (Russell, 1998.3.2, Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 2000, Carpenter, 1994)
Phenotype Manifest In
	ventral nerve cord commissure (Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 1998) longitudinal connective (Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 1998) embryonic epidermis (Russell et al., 1996) embryonic head (Russell et al., 1996) abdominal segment (Russell et al., 1996) denticle belt (Russell et al., 1996) larval hindgut & embryo & cell (with Df(3L)fz-GS1a) (Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 2000)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Less extreme than D¹. Wings extended and lifted; alulae missing. Heat effect of D¹ missing. Bristles usually wild type; occasionally outer verticals, upper humerals, presuturals, and anterior postalars absent. Viability of D³/+ better than D¹/+. RK2A. Partial revertant of the dominant phenotypes of D¹. D³ is lethal over both "Sai" alleles of mirr but other D alleles are viable with these alleles. Wings held out at 80^o but often a nubbin of alula is present, halteres are at partially held down, thorax and head are normal. (Carpenter, 1994) In(3L)D³/Df(3L)D-5rv6 embryos exhibit variable segmentation defects. Severe phenotype involves deletions removing half of the segments, intermediate phenotype involves weaker partial deletions and segment fusions, weak phenotype causes naked cuticle in segments A2 and A8. Embryos also exhibit variable defects in head development. (Russell et al., 1996) Lethal in combination with point alleles of D and small deletions which only remove D sequences. (Russell, 1998.3.2) 80% of hemizygous embryos have severe defects throughout the nerve cord, showing thinning of longitudinal connectives and fusion of commissures. The remaining midline glia cells are more frequently located anterior to the anterior commissure than in wild-type embryos. The cell bodies of the midline glia lie along the ventral surface of the commissures and do not migrate and ensheath the commissures. (Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 1998) Behaves as a null allele when assayed in the embryo. (Russell, 1999.1.25) In stage 16 D³/Df(3L)fz-GS1a mutant embryos, the cells of the large intestine are short and rounded in contrast to the thin columnar cells of wild-type. (Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 2000)
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Phenotype Manifest In
Suppressed by
Statement Reference D³/Df(3L)fz-GS1a has larval hindgut & embryo & cell phenotype, suppressible \| partially by dpp^Scer\UAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4^en-e16E (Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 2000)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference When dpp^Scer\UAS.cSa is expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E in D³/Df(3L)fz-GS1a embryos, significant, though variable rescue of the D³/Df(3L)fz-GS1a hindgut phenotype is seen. (Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 2000)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Fails to complement	D^LG9 (Carpenter, 1997.1.10) D^r72 (Russell, 1998.3.2) D^r513 (Russell, 1998.3.2)
Rescued by	D³/Df(3L)fz-GS1a is rescued by Scer\GAL4^en-e16E/D^Scer\UAS.cSa (Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 2000)
Comments
Stocks ( 11 )
Kyoto	101658 In(3L)D, D³ / In(3L)P 107705 Ly¹/In(3L)D³, mirr^SaiD3 D³ 106285 y²; In(3L)gv^U, gv^U eyg^U/In(3L)D³, mirr^SaiD3 D³ Ki¹ p^p 107754 In(3L)D, rho^ve-1 R¹ D³ st¹ Ubx¹ e⁴ Pr¹ ca¹/In(3R)P, Dfd¹ ca¹
Bloomington	4360 Df(3L)Ly, sens^Ly-1/In(3L)D³, mirr^SaiD3 D³ 476 In(3L)D³, mirr^SaiD3 D³ Sb¹ ca²/In(3R)P 1417 In(3LR)Ubx^42T, Ubx^42T/In(3L)D³, mirr^SaiD3 D³ 1210 T(2;3)C287/In(2LR)bw^V1, ds^33k bw^V1/TM6B, h¹ D³ Tb⁺ 4560 In(2L)Cy, In(2R)Cy, Cy¹ sp²/+; fs(3)A1^1-256/In(3L)D³, mirr^SaiD3 D³ 1356 y²; In(3L)gv^U, gv^U eyg^U/In(3L)D³, mirr^SaiD3 D³ Ki¹ p^p 4463 In(3L)D, rho^ve-1 R¹ D³ st¹ Ubx¹ e⁴ Pr¹ ca¹/In(3R)P, Dfd¹ ca¹
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Plunkett, June 1924.
	Revertant \partial. (Russell et al., 1996) It is possible that the D¹ and D³ inversions reflect dominant mutations in the 'Sail' function of mirr (see mirr^SaiD1 and mirr^SaiD3). (Russell, 1999.1.25)
Comments
	Associated with a recessive lethal phenotype that maps to 70D1-2. (Russell et al., 1996) Shows tissue specific loss of D expression in the embryo. (Russell, 1998.3.2) There is some uncertainty in the designation of D¹, D³ and "D⁹" as dominant D alleles. The wing phenotype of D³ (a protein null) is similar, if not identical, to D¹ when assayed in outcrossed individuals; it is thus possible that the phenotype of D¹ itself is not due to changes at the D locus. (Russell, 1999.1.25)
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 2 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	D³ loD³
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBal0032088
References ( 11 )
Research paper	Russell, 2000, Molec. gen. Genet. 263(4): 690--701 The Drosophila dominant wing mutation Dichaete results from ectopic expression of a Sox-domain gene. [FBrf0128629] Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 2000, Dev. Biol. 220(2): 307--321 Regulatory mutations of the Drosophila Sox gene Dichaete reveal new functions in embryonic brain and hindgut development. [FBrf0127303] Sanchez Soriano and Russell, 1998, Development 125(20): 3989--3996 The Drosophila SOX-domain protein Dichaete is required for the development of the central nervous system midline. [FBrf0104903] Russell et al., 1996, Development 122(11): 3669--3676 The Dichaete gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a SOX-domain protein required for embryonic segmentation. [FBrf0090777] Plunkett, 1926, J. exp. Zool. 46: 181--244 The interaction of genetic and environmental factors in development. [FBrf0001495]
Personal communication to FlyBase	Russell, 1999.1.25, update framework. update framework. [FBrf0107195] Russell, 1998.3.2, Dichaete stuff. Dichaete stuff. [FBrf0100821] Carpenter, 1997.1.10, Shilo's LG9 mutant. Shilo's LG9 mutant. [FBrf0091343]
Stock list	Carpenter, 1994, Excerpt from stocklist II. Excerpt from stocklist II. [FBrf0075380]
Book	Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0066905] Lindsley and Grell, 1968, Publs Carnegie Instn 627: 469pp Genetic variations of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0020044]

Allele Dmel\D3

Allele Dmel\D³