FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\Dfd[16]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Dfd¹⁶

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0002389

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\Dfd

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

Dfd^w21, Dfd^rW21

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

loss of function allele

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Zeng et al., 1994, Gonzalez-Reyes and Morata, 1991, Merrill et al., 1987)

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Restifo and Merrill, 1994)

loss of function allele

(Mahaffey et al., 1993)

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Restifo and Merrill, 1994, Pattatucci et al., 1991, Lewis et al., 1980)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Polytene chromosomes normal.

(Pattatucci et al., 1991)

Description

Amino acid replacement: W346term.

(Zeng et al., 1994)

Nucleotide substitution: G?A.

(Zeng et al., 1994)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

point_mutation

3R:6,793,812..6,793,812 [+]

Nucleotide change:

G6793812A

Reported nucleotide change:

G?A

Amino acid change:

W346term | Dfd-PA

Reported amino acid change:

W346term

Comment:

TGG to TGA

(Zeng et al., 1994)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

cirri

(Mahaffey et al., 2001, Veraksa et al., 2000, Brown et al., 1999, McGinnis et al., 1998)

cirri | larval stage

(Mohler et al., 1995)

dental sclerite

(Mahaffey et al., 2001)

embryonic mandibular segment

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

embryonic mandibular segment (with Dfd¹²)

(Hueber et al., 2007, Lohmann et al., 2002)

embryonic maxillary segment

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

embryonic maxillary segment (with Dfd¹²)

(Hueber et al., 2007, Lohmann et al., 2002)

hypostomal sclerite

(Mahaffey et al., 2001)

lateral process of cephalopharyngeal skeleton

(Andrenacci et al., 2004, Mahaffey et al., 2001, McGinnis et al., 1998)

lateral process of cephalopharyngeal skeleton | larval stage

(Mohler et al., 1995)

maxillary palp | somatic clone

(Stultz et al., 2012)

mouth hook

(Andrenacci et al., 2004, Mahaffey et al., 2001, Veraksa et al., 2000, Brown et al., 1999, McGinnis et al., 1998)

mouth hook | larval stage

(Mohler et al., 1995)

postorbital bristle | somatic clone

(Stultz et al., 2012)

supracervical bristle | somatic clone

(Stultz et al., 2012)

terminal organ

(Mahaffey et al., 2001)

ventral organ

(Mahaffey et al., 2001)

vibrissal bristle | somatic clone

(Stultz et al., 2012)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Dfd¹⁶ mutant clones encompassing the maxillary palp region have deleted palps and disordered suborbital vibrissae. Clones on the posterior of the head display altered postorbital and occipital bristles.

(Stultz et al., 2012)

Mutant embryos show a fusion of the maxillary and mandibular segments.

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

Stage 12 Dfd¹⁶/Dfd¹² embryos show displacement of the maxillary segment and mandibular segments due to an accumulation of supernumerary cells at the ventral side of both segments. Cells in the ventral part of the maxillary segment are elongated, instead of round like wild-type cells.

(Hueber et al., 2007)

The mouthhooks are missing and the lateralgraten are shortened in mutant larvae.

(Andrenacci et al., 2004)

In Dfd¹²/Dfd¹⁶ embryos, the maxillary cirri primordium and the anterior boundary of the dorsal ridge, between the mandibular and maxillary segments, are missing. The number of apoptotic cells in the maxillary segment is reduced when compared to wild-type.

(Lohmann et al., 2002)

Homozygous embryos lack cirri, mouth hooks, the ventral organ and the dental sclerite, the lateral process is truncated and the lateral bar of the H-piece is missing. A portion of the maxillary sense organ is missing and the remaining structure does not align properly with the antennal sense organ.

(Mahaffey et al., 2001)

Mutants lack mouth hooks and cirri.

(Veraksa et al., 2000)

Dfd¹²/Df(3R)Scr embryos lack the mouthhooks and cirri, while the more posterior mouthparts are unaffected. The mouthhook and cirri defects are rescued in Dfd¹²/Df(3R)Scr embryos expressing Dfd^Scer\UAS.cBa under the control of Scer\GAL4^69B. Head involution fails in these animals and the posterior mouthparts fail to form. Dfd¹²/Dfd¹⁶ embryos lack the mouthhooks and cirri, while the more posterior mouthparts are unaffected.

(Brown et al., 1999)

The morphology of the gnathal lobes is abnormal in Dfd¹⁶ embryos.

(Wiellette and McGinnis, 1999)

Homozygous embryos lack mouth hooks and cirri and the lateralgraten are shortened.

(McGinnis et al., 1998)

Dfd¹⁶ Scr⁴ double homozygous embryos exhibit failure of the labial lobes to migrate ventrally or internalise. Ectopic external sensory organs, derived from failure of the labial lobes to internalise, are the same as for Scr^- embryos.

(Pederson et al., 1996)

Double mutant combinations with cnc^- embryos show additive effects in the head skeleton.

(Mohler et al., 1995)

Dfd is required but not sufficient for 1.28 expression.

(Mahaffey et al., 1993)

No salivary gland defects.

(Panzer et al., 1992)

In Ubx^hs.PG embryos that are homozygous for Dfd¹⁶ the cirri and mouthhooks are missing.

(Gonzalez-Reyes and Morata, 1991)

Failure head involution and head defects: defects in structures derived from the maxillary, mandibular and premandibular regions of the embryonic head. Mitotic recombination analysis suggests that in the adult Dfd affects the head structures homologous to those of the embryo.

(Merrill et al., 1987)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

Dfd¹⁶ has embryonic maxillary segment phenotype, enhanceable by gcm^N7-4

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

Dfd¹⁶ has embryonic mandibular segment phenotype, enhanceable by gcm^N7-4

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

Dfd¹⁶, Dfd^UAS.cLa has mouth hook phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS/cnc^B.hs

(Veraksa et al., 2000)

Dfd¹⁶, Dfd^UAS.cLa has cirri phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS/cnc^B.hs

(Veraksa et al., 2000)

Dfd¹⁶, Dfd^UAS.cLa, Scer\GAL4^arm.PS has mouth hook phenotype, enhanceable by cnc^B.hs

(Veraksa et al., 2000)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Dfd¹²/Dfd¹⁶ has mouth hook phenotype, suppressible by Tcas\Dfd^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^69B

(Brown et al., 1999)

Dfd¹²/Dfd¹⁶ has cirri phenotype, suppressible by Tcas\Dfd^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^69B

(Brown et al., 1999)

Dfd¹²/Dfd¹⁶ has cephalopharyngeal skeleton | posterior phenotype, suppressible by Tcas\Dfd^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^69B

(Brown et al., 1999)

Dfd¹²/Dfd¹⁶ has embryonic head phenotype, suppressible by Tcas\Dfd^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^69B

(Brown et al., 1999)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

Dfd¹⁶ is an enhancer of embryonic maxillary segment phenotype of gcm^N7-4

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

Dfd¹⁶ is an enhancer of embryonic mandibular segment phenotype of gcm^N7-4

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

Other

Statement

Reference

Dfd¹⁶, Scr⁴ has adult corpus allatum phenotype

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

Dfd¹⁶, Scr⁴ has prothoracic gland phenotype

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

Dfd¹⁶, Dfd^UAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2, Scr⁴ has adult corpus allatum phenotype

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

Dfd¹⁶, Dfd^UAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2, Scr⁴ has prothoracic gland phenotype

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

Dfd¹⁶, Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2, Scr⁴, Scr^UAS.cMa has adult corpus allatum phenotype

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

Dfd¹⁶, Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2, Scr⁴, Scr^UAS.cMa has prothoracic gland phenotype

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

Dfd¹⁶, Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2, Scr⁴, Ubx^UAS.cCa has adult corpus allatum phenotype

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

Dfd¹⁶, Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2, Scr⁴, Ubx^UAS.cCa has prothoracic gland phenotype

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

Abd-B^UAS.cCa, Dfd¹⁶, Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2, Scr⁴ has adult corpus allatum phenotype

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

Abd-B^UAS.cCa, Dfd¹⁶, Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2, Scr⁴ has prothoracic gland phenotype

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

Antp^UAS.cMb, Dfd¹⁶, Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2, Scr⁴ has adult corpus allatum phenotype

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

Antp^UAS.cMb, Dfd¹⁶, Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2, Scr⁴ has prothoracic gland phenotype

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

In Dfd¹⁶;Scr⁴ double mutant embryos the corpus allata and prothoracic glands do not form.

Addition of Dfd^Scer\UAS.cBa to Dfd¹⁶;Scr⁴ double mutant embryos (under the control of Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2) results in both the Mx and Lb segments forming corpora allata.

Addition of Scr^Scer\UAS.cMa to Dfd¹⁶;Scr⁴ double mutant embryos (under the control of Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2) results in both the Mx and Lb segments forming prothoracic glands.

Addition of Ubx^Scer\UAS.cCa to Dfd¹⁶;Scr⁴ double mutant embryos (under the control of Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2) results in both the Mx and Lb segments forming tracheal tubes instead of migratory gland primordia.

Addition of Abd-B^Scer\UAS.cCa to Dfd¹⁶;Scr⁴ double mutant embryos (under the control of Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2) results in both the Mx and Lb segments forming tracheal tubes instead of migratory gland primordia.

Addition of Antp^Scer\UAS.cMb to Dfd¹⁶;Scr⁴ double mutant embryos (under the control of Scer\GAL4^salm-459.2) results in both the Mx and Lb segments forming tracheal tubes instead of migratory gland primordia. results in both the Mx and Lb segments forming prothoracic glands.

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

The formation of the maxillary-mandibular boundary is completely lost in gcm^N7-4, Dfd¹⁶ double mutant embryos.

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

The addition of cnc^B.hs suppresses the rescuing effect seen by Dfd^Scer\UAS.cLa (when driven by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS) on Dfd¹⁶ mutants. Mouth hooks and cirri are underdeveloped.

(Veraksa et al., 2000)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

The mouthhook and cirri defects are rescued in Dfd¹²/Dfd¹⁶ embryos expressing Tcas\Dfd^Scer\UAS.cBa under the control of Scer\GAL4^69B. Head involution fails in these animals and the posterior mouthparts fail to form.

(Brown et al., 1999)

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

Dfd¹⁶ is rescued by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS/Dfd^UAS.cLa

(Veraksa et al., 2000)

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (3)

Bloomington

98346

w^*; P{neoFRT}82B Dfd¹⁶/TM6B, Tb¹

2325

Dfd¹⁶ red¹ e¹/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹

Kyoto

106769

Dfd¹⁶ red¹ e¹/TM3, Sb¹

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Wakimoto.

Comments

Strong Dfd allele.

(Merrill et al., 1987)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Dfd¹⁶

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2019, Becker et al., 2016, Friedrich et al., 2016, Sánchez-Higueras and Hombría, 2016, Urbach et al., 2016, Kuert et al., 2014, Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014, Stultz et al., 2012)

Dfd²¹

(Yin et al., 1997)

Dfd⁵

(Pattatucci et al., 1991)

Dfd^W21

(Rusch and Kaufman, 2000, Haerry and Gehring, 1997, Mahaffey et al., 1993)

Dfd^rW21

(Gao et al., 1996, Mohler et al., 1995, Restifo and Merrill, 1994, Panzer et al., 1992, Pattatucci et al., 1991, Merrill et al., 1987)

Dfd^rw21

(Gonzalez-Reyes and Morata, 1991)

Dfd^w21

(Pinto et al., 2022, Stöbe et al., 2009, Zhai et al., 2009, Hueber et al., 2007, Lohmann et al., 2002, Veraksa et al., 2000, Li et al., 1999, Hirth et al., 1998, McGinnis et al., 1998, Zeng et al., 1994)

EfW21

(Lewis et al., 1980)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (38)

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