Allele Dmel\dpp^H46

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\dpp^H46	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0003059
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\dpp
Also Known As	dpp^Hin46, Hin46, dppH46

Allele class	loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	gamma ray, ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence (Irish and Gelbart, 1987, Li et al., 1995, Arora et al., 1995, Rushlow et al., 2001) loss of function allele (Ray et al., 1991, Arora and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992, Frasch, 1995, Mandal et al., 2004)
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Wharton et al., 1993) gamma ray
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference 0.3 kb molecular deletion completely confined to the dpp gene (St. Johnston et al., 1990)
Cytology	Polytene chromosomes normal. Polytene chromosomes normal. (Irish and Gelbart, 1987)
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal (Podos et al., 2001, Wharton et al., 1993) lethal \| dominant (Li et al., 2005, Podos et al., 2001) lethal \| dominant \| embryonic stage (Irish and Gelbart, 1987) lethal \| embryonic stage (St. Johnston et al., 1990) visible \| embryonic stage (Eivers et al., 2009) visible \| recessive \| somatic clone (Ray and Wharton, 2001)
Phenotype Manifest In
	Bolwig organ (Chang et al., 2001) cardioblast (Mandal et al., 2004) cardiogenic mesoderm (Mandal et al., 2004) corpus cardiacum primordium (De Velasco et al., 2004) crystal cell (Milchanowski et al., 2004) cuticle (Podos et al., 2001) denticle belt (Oh et al., 2002, Eivers et al., 2009) embryonic/first instar larval cuticle (Jazwinska et al., 1999, Oh et al., 2002) embryonic/larval lymph gland (Mandal et al., 2004) embryonic epidermis \| dorsal (St. Johnston et al., 1990, Irish and Gelbart, 1987) embryonic gnathal segment (Rusch and Kaufman, 2000) embryonic head epidermis (Chang et al., 2001) embryonic hindgut (Takashima and Murakami, 2001) embryonic large intestine (Takashima and Murakami, 2001) embryonic optic lobe (Chang et al., 2001) embryonic pericardial cell (Mandal et al., 2004) extended germ band embryo (Carmena et al., 1998) leg \| dorsal \| somatic clone (Held and Heup, 1996) mitotic domain 1 (Sutherland et al., 2003) mitotic domain 3 (Sutherland et al., 2003) mitotic domain 5 (Sutherland et al., 2003) posterior crossvein \| somatic clone (Ralston and Blair, 2005, Ray and Wharton, 2001) protocerebral neuroblast (Chang et al., 2001) wing vein L4 \| somatic clone (Ray and Wharton, 2001)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference dpp[H46] mutant embryos occasionally show fusion of the embryonic denticle belts. (Eivers et al., 2009) dpp[H46] exhibit a phenotype in the development of the dorsal head. The dorso-median strip of epidermis that normally separates the placodes is absent and replaced by hyperplastic placodes in stage 12 embryos. (de Velasco et al., 2007) dpp^H46 clones generated in the wing at 22-26 hours after pupariation (AP), using the Minute technique, have no effect on venation when they are limited to one surface of the wing. When there is overlap between dpp^H46 clones on the dorsal and ventral surfaces, there is no consistent cell-autonomous disruption of the posterior crossvein (PCV) within regions of overlap. However, a slight disruption of the posterior end of the PCV, largely outside the region of the clone, has been observed in one case. When overlapping clones cover the region of the fourth longitudinal vein normally intersected by the PCV, the anterior of the PCV can be disrupted. (Ralston and Blair, 2005) The corpus cardiacum is normal in size in mutant embryos, but shows defects in migration. (De Velasco et al., 2004) In stage-15 dpp^H46 mutant embryos, the lymph gland, cardioblasts and pericardial nephrocytes fail to develop from the cardiogenic mesoderm. (Mandal et al., 2004) The average number of crystal cells per embryo is significantly reduced in homozygous stage 13-14 embryos compared to wild type. (Milchanowski et al., 2004) In dpp^H46 homozygotes cycle 14 mitotic domains 1 and 5 are fused across the midline, and domain 3 is absent. (Sutherland et al., 2003) Ventral denticle belts cover the whole epidermis in mutant embryos. (Oh et al., 2002) Head midline epidermis does not form in mutant embryos, with both midline and dorsolateral regions showing characteristics of lateral neuroectoderm. Optic lobe and Bolwig's organ are absent. The dorsal head ectoderm is "invaded" by protocerebral neuroblasts. (Chang et al., 2001) Homozygous clones in the wing have no effect on the posterior cross vein (PCV) unless both dorsal and ventral surfaces are homozygous ("double-sided" clones). Double-sided clones that cover half the PCV show loss of the vein in the mutant clone up to or within 2 to 3 cells of the clone boundary. Vein L4 can also be truncated in clones. (Ray and Wharton, 2001) The hindgut of mutant embryos is significantly shorter than that of wild-type embryos. Incorporation of BrdU in the large intestine is abolished in mutant embryos. (Takashima and Murakami, 2001) Gnathal morphology is severely disrupted in mutant embryos. (Rusch and Kaufman, 2000) The cuticle of homozygous embryos consists only of ventral epidermis. This phenotype is not altered if the embryos are derived from homozygous dl¹ females. brk^M68; dpp^H46 sna¹⁸ Df(2R)twi quadruple mutant embryos secrete cuticles showing partial transformation of ventral into dorsal epidermis. (Jazwinska et al., 1999) Gonadal mesoderm development is largely unaffected in mutants. Germ cells do not migrate from endoderm to mesoderm, presumably due to the gastrulation defects. (Broihier et al., 1998) Embryos are strongly ventralised and germ band extension is abnormal. (Carmena et al., 1998) Fat body precursor cells do develop in dpp^H46 embryos. (Moore et al., 1998) Homozygous clones induced in first instar larvae produce abnormalities in the dorsal side of the leg. Pattern elements from the dorsal side are missing. Occasional defects in the ventral side of the leg are also seen. (Held and Heup, 1996) Haploinsufficient. (Frasch, 1995) Suppresses the majority of pattern defects caused by Pka-C1^H2 clones in the wing, notum, halteres and antennae and partially suppresses defects in the ventral regions of the leg. (Li et al., 1995) Dominant lethality greater than 50%. Homozygous and transheterozygous embryos were examined with respect to 25 cuticular markers, results demonstrate a graded requirement for dpp along the dorso-ventral axis. (Wharton et al., 1993) Strong ventralised phenotype. Rings of ventral denticle belts differentiate around the entire dorsoventral axis, almost no dorsal hairs are seen and the antennal and maxillary sense organs are missing. Defective movements of the germ band: due to loss of the amnioserosa and because the dorsalmost cells have acquired the lateral fate of the dorsal ectoderm. Dorsal cell fates are deleted and ventrolateral mitotic domains are expanded. (Arora and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992) Ventralized embryos: rings or patches of ventral denticles along dorsoventral axis. Disruption of germ band extension that leads to the invagination of posterior segments into the interior of the embryo. (Ray et al., 1991) Fail to complete germ band extension, die with strong ventralized phenotype and no dorsal derived epidermis. (St. Johnston et al., 1990) Homozygotes have a ventralized embryonic phenotype: normally ventral epidermal pattern elements are present ventrally and dorsally. (Irish and Gelbart, 1987)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Suppressed by
Statement Reference dpp^H46 has lethal \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Df(2L)GpdhA/+ (Li et al., 2005) dpp^H46 has lethal \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Df(2L)GpdhA/eIF-4a^{R321H.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL4^{mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16} (Li et al., 2005) dpp^H46 has lethal \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| partially by eIF-4a[+]/eIF-4a^YE9 (Li et al., 2005) dpp^H46 has lethal \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Su(dpp)YE2[+]/Su(dpp)YE2^YE2 (Li et al., 2005) dpp^H46 has lethal \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Su(dpp)YE5[+]/Su(dpp)YE5^YE5 (Li et al., 2005) dpp^H46 has lethal \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Su(dpp)YE10[+]/Su(dpp)YE10^YE10 (Li et al., 2005) dpp^H46 has lethal \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Su(dpp)YE12[+]/Su(dpp)YE12^YE12 (Li et al., 2005) dpp^H46 has lethal \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Su(dpp)YE28^YE28/Su(dpp)YE28[+] (Li et al., 2005) dpp^H46 has lethal \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Su(dpp)YE31^YE31/Su(dpp)YE31[+] (Li et al., 2005) dpp^H46 has lethal \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| rescuable maternal effect by lack^15C (Podos et al., 2001)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference dpp^H46 has lethal phenotype, non-suppressible by lack^15C (Podos et al., 2001)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference dpp^H46/dpp[+] is a suppressor \| partially of lethal \| rescuable maternal effect phenotype of lack^15C (Podos et al., 2001)
Phenotype Manifest In
Suppressed by
Statement Reference dpp^H46 has phenotype, suppressible by Su(dpp)39CDE[+]/Su(dpp)39CDE¹ (Murthy and Gelbart, 1999)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference dpp^H46 has cuticle phenotype, non-suppressible by lack^15C (Podos et al., 2001)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference dpp^H46/dpp[+] is a suppressor of embryonic/first instar larval cuticle \| maternal effect phenotype of tor^12D (Li and Li, 2003) dpp^H46/dpp[+] is a suppressor of embryonic/first instar larval cuticle \| maternal effect phenotype of tor^13D (Li and Li, 2003) dpp^H46/dpp[+] is a suppressor of embryonic hindgut \| rescuable maternal effect phenotype of lack^15C (Podos et al., 2001) dpp^H46 is a suppressor \| partially of leg \| somatic clone phenotype of Pka-C1^H2 (Li et al., 1995) dpp^H46 is a suppressor of antenna \| somatic clone phenotype of Pka-C1^H2 (Li et al., 1995) dpp^H46 is a suppressor of haltere \| somatic clone phenotype of Pka-C1^H2 (Li et al., 1995) dpp^H46 is a suppressor of scutum \| somatic clone phenotype of Pka-C1^H2 (Li et al., 1995) dpp^H46 is a suppressor of somatic muscle \| embryonic stage phenotype of Ras85D^{G13Q.Scer\UAS}, Scer\GAL4^unspecified (Carmena et al., 1998) dpp^H46 is a suppressor of wing \| somatic clone phenotype of Pka-C1^H2 (Li et al., 1995)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference Maternal and zygotic homozygosity for lack^15C partially suppresses the dominant lethality of dpp^H46 (83% survival to adulthood), but has no effect on the lethality or cuticle phenotypes due to homozygosity for dpp^H46. Embryonic lethality due to maternal and zygotic homozygosity for lack^15C is partially suppressed (83% survival to adulthood) by heterozygosity for dpp^H46. The embryonic midgut phenotype of maternal and zygotic lack^15C/lack^15C embryos is fully suppressed by heterozygosity for dpp^H46. (Podos et al., 2001) The production of extra eve-positive mesodermal cells caused by expression of Ras85D^{G13Q.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^unspecified is suppressed if the embryos are also carrying dpp^H46. (Carmena et al., 1998)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	dpp^s6/dpp^H46 is rescued by dpp^Sal20 (Stultz et al., 2005)
Partially rescued by	dpp^H46/dpp^s3 is partially rescued by dpp^Sal20 (Stultz et al., 2005) dpp^H46/dpp^s11 is partially rescued by dpp^Sal20 (Stultz et al., 2005) dpp^s7/dpp^H46 is partially rescued by dpp^Sal20 (Stultz et al., 2005) dpp^s20/dpp^H46 is partially rescued by dpp^Sal20 (Stultz et al., 2005) dpp^s26/dpp^H46 is partially rescued by dpp^Sal20 (Stultz et al., 2005) dpp^s28/dpp^H46 is partially rescued by dpp^Sal20 (Stultz et al., 2005)
Not rescued by	dpp^H46/dpp^s3 is not rescued by dpp^P15 (Stultz et al., 2005) dpp^s6/dpp^H46 is not rescued by dpp^P15 (Stultz et al., 2005) dpp^s7/dpp^H46 is not rescued by dpp^P15 (Stultz et al., 2005) dpp^s13/dpp^H46 is not rescued by dpp^P15 (Stultz et al., 2005) dpp^s26/dpp^H46 is not rescued by dpp^P15 (Stultz et al., 2005)
Comments	Mutant phenotype rescued by P element mediated transformation of a wild type copy of dpp. (Hoffmann and Goodman, 1987) Allele class: Hin
Stocks ( 4 )
Bloomington	2061 dpp^H46 wg^Sp-1 cn¹ bw¹/CyO, P{dpp-P23}RP1 2060 Dp(2;1)G146, dpp⁺/+; dpp^H46 wg^Sp-1 cn¹ bw¹/CyO
Kyoto	108956 dpp^H46 wg^Sp-1 cn¹ bw¹/CyO, P{dpp-P23}RP1 106643 Dp(2;1)G146, dpp⁺/+; dpp^H46 wg^Sp-1 cn¹ bw¹/CyO
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Blackman.

Comments
	Based on considerations of degree of dominant lethality, dpp alleles can be placed in an allelic series. Progressing from weakest to most severe the series is: dpp^e87 < dpp^e90 < dpp^hr56 < dpp^hr4 < dpp^hr92 < dpp^hr27 < dpp^hr93 < dpp^H94 < dpp^H95 < dpp^H96 = dpp^H91 = dpp^H46. (Wharton et al., 1993) Previously thought to delete whole of dpp and affect other genes (ie to be in Hin-Df class), hence Df synonyms.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 6 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Df(2L)dpp46 Df(2L)dpp-H46 dpp^H46 (Lin et al., 2006, Liang et al., 2012, Eivers et al., 2009) dpp^Hin46 (De Velasco et al., 2004, Chang et al., 2001, Mellerick and Nirenberg, 1995, St. Johnston et al., 1990, Irish and Gelbart, 1987, Hoffmann and Goodman, 1987, de Velasco et al., 2007) dppH46 (Oh et al., 2002, Grigorian et al., 2011) Hin46 (Arora and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992, Gelbart, 1989, Stultz et al., 2005)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 50 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 50 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 47 ) Review ( 1 ) Abstract ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Liang et al., 2012, Development 139(11): 1956--1964 Response to the BMP gradient requires highly combinatorial inputs from multiple patterning systems in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0218213] Grigorian et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 353(1): 105--118 The convergence of Notch and MAPK signaling specifies the blood progenitor fate in the Drosophila mesoderm. [FBrf0213410] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...

Allele Dmel\dppH46

Allele Dmel\dpp^H46