Allele Dmel\dsh³

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\dsh³	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0003140
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\dsh

Map ( GBrowse )
Allele class	loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
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FB2012_01	References McElwain et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(11): e26993
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence (Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987, Manoukian et al., 1995, Yu et al., 1996, Cadigan and Nusse, 1996) loss of function allele (Galindo et al., 2002, Strutt et al., 2006, Zhang et al., 2006)
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Geer et al., 1983, Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987, Hanratty and Dearolf, 1993)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References deletion X:11,250,670..11,251,212 evidence=experimental comment=A deletion of 543 bases and insertion of one base that causes a frameshift after amino acid residue 94. The resulting sequence at the junction is ggtaacaatcTacggcgg. (Yanagawa et al., 1995, Wehrli and Tomlinson, 1998)
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Deletion of the open reading frame between nucleotides 496 and 1040, resulting in a frameshift after amino acid residue 94. (Wehrli and Tomlinson, 1998) Deletion within the gene that removes, at least, part of the protein encoding domain. (Yanagawa et al., 1995)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	cell death defective \| embryonic stage (Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987) lethal (Zhimulev et al., 1987, Strutt et al., 2006) lethal \| embryonic stage \| recessive (Klingensmith et al., 1996) lethal \| larval stage (Boutros et al., 1998, Geer et al., 1983) lethal \| larval stage \| recessive (Perrimon et al., 1989) lethal \| larval stage \| recessive \| rescuable maternal effect (Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987) lethal \| recessive (Couso et al., 1994, Klingensmith et al., 1994, Theisen et al., 1994) planar polarity defective (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) planar polarity defective (with dsh¹) (Penton et al., 2002) planar polarity defective (with dsh^A3) (Penton et al., 2002) planar polarity defective \| cell autonomous \| recessive \| somatic clone (Strutt et al., 1997) planar polarity defective \| cell non-autonomous \| recessive \| somatic clone (Wehrli and Tomlinson, 1998) planar polarity defective \| germline clone (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) planar polarity defective \| germline clone, with Scer\GAL4^arm.PS, dsh^{ΔDIX.Scer\UAS} (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) planar polarity defective \| recessive \| somatic clone (Strutt et al., 1997) planar polarity defective \| somatic clone (Strutt et al., 2002) viable (with dsh¹) (Penton et al., 2002) visible (Tomlinson, 2003) visible \| recessive \| somatic clone (Galindo et al., 2002)
Phenotype Manifest In
	abdominal 1 ventral denticle belt (Klingensmith et al., 1994) abdominal 2 ventral denticle belt (Klingensmith et al., 1994) abdominal 3 ventral denticle belt (Klingensmith et al., 1994) abdominal 4 ventral denticle belt (Klingensmith et al., 1994) abdominal 5 ventral denticle belt (Klingensmith et al., 1994) abdominal 6 ventral denticle belt (Klingensmith et al., 1994) abdominal 7 ventral denticle belt (Klingensmith et al., 1994) abdominal 8 ventral denticle belt (Klingensmith et al., 1994) adult cuticle (Heslip et al., 1997) adult head (Heslip et al., 1997) amnioserosa (Kaltschmidt et al., 2002) cephalopharyngeal skeleton (Axelrod et al., 1998) chaeta (with dsh¹) (Penton et al., 2002) denticle (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) denticle \| germline clone (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) denticle \| germline clone, with Scer\GAL4^arm.PS, dsh^{ΔDIX.Scer\UAS} (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) denticle \| maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^arm.PS, dsh^{ΔDIX.Scer\UAS} (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) denticle belt (Manoukian et al., 1995, Axelrod et al., 1998) dorsal margin photoreceptor \| ectopic (Wernet et al., 2003) dorsal margin photoreceptor \| somatic clone (Tomlinson, 2003) embryo \| germline clone \| segment polarity expression pattern (Perrimon et al., 1989) embryonic/first instar larval cuticle (Axelrod et al., 1998) embryonic/first instar larval cuticle \| dorsal \| germline clone (Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987) embryonic/first instar larval cuticle \| germline clone (Klingensmith et al., 1996) embryonic/first instar larval cuticle \| germline clone \| maternal effect (Morel and Arias, 2004) embryonic/larval dorsal trunk \| germline clone (Llimargas, 2000) embryonic/larval tracheal system \| germline clone (Llimargas, 2000) embryonic dorsal epidermis (Kaltschmidt et al., 2002) embryonic dorsal epidermis \| germline clone \| maternal effect (Morel and Arias, 2004) embryonic epidermis (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) embryonic head (Klingensmith et al., 1994) embryonic head \| germline clone (Klingensmith et al., 1996) embryonic leading edge cell (Kaltschmidt et al., 2002) embryonic leading edge cell & actin filament (Kaltschmidt et al., 2002) embryonic leading edge cell & filopodium (Kaltschmidt et al., 2002) embryonic leading edge cell & microtubule (Kaltschmidt et al., 2002) embryonic leading edge cell \| germline clone \| maternal effect (Morel and Arias, 2004) embryonic ventral epidermis \| germline clone (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) eye \| somatic clone (Janody et al., 2004) eye disc \| somatic clone (Janody et al., 2004) eye photoreceptor cell \| somatic clone (Strutt et al., 2002) filzkorper (Klingensmith et al., 1994, Axelrod et al., 1998) filzkorper \| germline clone (Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987, Klingensmith et al., 1996) follicle stem cell \| somatic clone (Kirilly et al., 2005) leg (Jiang and Struhl, 1996) leg \| somatic clone (Galindo et al., 2002) leg \| somatic clone \| ventral (Klingensmith et al., 1994) macrochaeta & wing (Couso et al., 1994) macrochaeta \| ectopic (Heslip et al., 1997) medial triple row (Rulifson et al., 1996) mesothoracic ventral denticle belt (Klingensmith et al., 1994) metathoracic ventral denticle belt (Klingensmith et al., 1994) midgut constriction 2 (Yu et al., 1996) midgut constriction 2 \| embryonic stage (Klingensmith et al., 1994) ocellus \| ectopic (Heslip et al., 1997) ommatidium (Tomlinson et al., 1997) ommatidium \| cell autonomous \| somatic clone (Strutt et al., 1997) ommatidium \| cell non-autonomous \| somatic clone (Wehrli and Tomlinson, 1998) ommatidium \| ectopic (Heslip et al., 1997) ommatidium \| somatic clone (Strutt et al., 2002) ommatidium \| somatic clone \| supernumerary (Tomlinson, 2003) photoreceptor cell \| somatic clone (Janody et al., 2004) pigment cell \| somatic clone (Tomlinson, 2003) primordium of embryonic/larval spiracle \| germline clone \| posterior (Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987) prothoracic ventral denticle belt (Klingensmith et al., 1994) secondary pigment cell \| somatic clone (Lim and Tomlinson, 2006) stomodeal invagination (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jaeckle, 1995) tertiary pigment cell \| somatic clone (Lim and Tomlinson, 2006) trichome (with dsh¹) (Penton et al., 2002) triple row \| somatic clone (Klingensmith et al., 1994) ventral thoracic disc (Jiang and Struhl, 1996) wing (Axelrod et al., 1996) wing & macrochaeta (Axelrod et al., 1996) wing & triple row \| somatic clone (Klingensmith et al., 1994) wing margin bristle \| ectopic (Couso et al., 1994)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference dsh[3] maternal/zygotic clones (expressing dsh[ΔDIX.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[arm.PS] to remove the mild polarity defect of dsh[3]) display strong denticle alignment defects. Maternal dsh[3] mutants (expressing dsh[ΔDIX.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[arm.PS] to remove the mild polarity defect of dsh[3]) show a loss of denticles. dsh[3] mutants display strong patterning defects, and all epidermal cells make denticle precursors. dsh[3] maternal/zygotic mutant embryos show a ventral epidermis covered with denticles, and the naked regions of cuticle which separates the denticle belts in wild-type embryos are absent in these mutants. Every cell secretes a denticle, and denticle placement is not properly oriented toward the posterior of each cell. All ventral cells display a uniform square shape and lack normal alignment. dsh[3] maternal effect mutants display wild-type cuticles. (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) In clones mutant for dsh³, the peripheral ommatidia do not undergo programmed cell death and so fail to release their associated 2^o and 3^o pigment cells to join the pigment rim. As a consequence, the pigment rim in dsh³ clones is significantly reduced in relation to neighbouring wild-type tissue. (Lim and Tomlinson, 2006) Unlike neutral somatic clones, dsh³ homozygous somatic clones are rapidly lost from the somatic stem cell population of the germarium. (Kirilly et al., 2005) When clones are made in the eye disc ectopic dorsal furrows are induced. (Janody et al., 2004) The cuticles of embryos from dsh³ germline clones have an anterodorsal hole and are very short with most of the dorsal epidermis missing. At stage 13 in these embryos the leading edge cells fail to polarise or elongate dorso-ventrally. (Morel and Arias, 2004) Germband extension occurs normally in dsh³ homozygous embryos from mothers carrying dsh³ germ line clones. Polarisation of germband cells during germband extension also appears normal in these embryos. (Zallen and Wieschaus, 2004) Clones expressing dsh³ that are induced at the dorsal periphery of the eye show a loss of pigment rim tissue and an associated gain of extra ommatidia that extend almost to the head capsule. These extra ommatidia have a variable number of cells and many do not extend the depth of the retina. Some of these clones show an absence of dorsal rim ommatidia, while these are present in other clones. (Tomlinson, 2003) Homozygous clones in the eye result in large clonal outgrowths. Additional rows of dorsal rim area ommatidia are seen in wild-type tissue adjacent to homozygous clones, probably due to overproliferation. (Wernet et al., 2003) Homozygous clones generated at 72 hours after egg laying do not produce distal truncations of the leg, although leg polarity is abnormal. (Galindo et al., 2002) During dorsal closure in dsh³ mutant embryos, frequent detachments of the amnioserosa from the epidermis occur. The leading edge cells lack filopodial activity, and have only a thin cable of actin, lacking distinguishable actin nucleation centers. In additions, these cells do not undergo D-V elongation or D-V polarization. One manifestation of this is that the microtubule bundles that form in these cells do not align perpendicular to the leading edge. (Kaltschmidt et al., 2002) dsh¹/dsh³ flies have planar polarity defects, resulting in an aberrant orientation of bristles and hairs. (Penton et al., 2002) Somatic clones of dsh³ in the eye produce long-range nonautonomous inversions of ommatidial polarity on their equatorial edge. (Strutt and Strutt, 2002) 34% of ommatidia in homozygous mutant somatic clones in the eye are normal. 16.3% have rotated ommatidia, 38.3% have chirality defects, 11.3% are achiral (0% unscorable). (Strutt et al., 2002) Has no effect on the eye phenotype produced by activated arm constructs. (either arm^S44Y.GMR or arm^S56F.GMR). (Freeman and Bienz, 2001) Embryos derived from homozygous female germline clones show defects in tracheal invagination, branch fusion and dorsal trunk formation. (Llimargas, 2000) Mutant embryos show shortening of the cuticle, fusion of denticle bands and absence the head skeleton and filzkorper. (Axelrod et al., 1998) Homozygous clones in polar regions of the eye show non-autonomous effects, with polarity inversion in tissue lying equatorial to the clone. Polarity errors are also seen within the clone. Clones elsewhere in the eye rarely show non-autonomous effects, but when they do, polarity inversions are seen on the equatorial side of the clone. (Wehrli and Tomlinson, 1998) Clones in the eye-antennal disc that normally gives rise to head cuticle can cause ectopic ommatidia, ocelli or sensilla to develop. (Heslip et al., 1997) Homozygous clones in the eye show an autonomous tissue polarity defect; ommatidia frequently show abnormal orientation and chirality. (Strutt et al., 1997) Ommatidial orientations are disturbed, chiral shape is choosen randomly. (Tomlinson et al., 1997) Large clones induced in the wing before 72hr AEL are associated with a notch in the wing margin. Small clones (induced after 72hr AEL) often leave the margin intact but fail to elaborate bristles. (Axelrod et al., 1996) Homozygous clones in the eye have interommatidial bristles. (Cadigan and Nusse, 1996) When clones are induced in the wing disc, a second set of concentric folds forms in the disc epithelium, which may reflect the formation of a secondary proximo-distal axis. Mutant cells give rise to dorsal rather than ventral structures in the adult and can organize surrounding wild type cells to contribute to supernumerary legs, which branch out from the ventral surface of the normal leg. (Jiang and Struhl, 1996) Embryos derived from germline clones exhibit an extreme segment polarity phenotype in which naked cuticle and segmental furrows are replaced by a lawn of denticles. Head skeleton and filzkorpers fail to develop and the embryos fail to hatch. (Klingensmith et al., 1996) In clones in the adult wing, ectopic bristles form off the wing margin in a wg-dosage-dependent fashion. (Rulifson et al., 1996) In homozygous embryos the second constriction is missing. (Yu et al., 1996) Only one central invagination fold of the stomodeal invagination is observed. (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jaeckle, 1995) Embryos exhibit a lawn of denticle belts. (Manoukian et al., 1995) Sections of dsh¹-dsh³ double mutant eyes show a disturbed ommatidial polarity within each ommatidium having the normal arrangement of photoreceptor cells. (Zheng et al., 1995) Clones of cells in the wing display different phenotypes depending on the position of the clone within the wing blade. Cells within the wing blade show abnormalities in differentiation related to a function of dsh in tissue polarity. When clones reach the margin they behave as if they were in the middle of the wing blade, developing trichomes and non-pigmented cuticle. Cells outside these clones are induced to form ectopic bristles characteristic of the margin (this also occurs for arm clones. Clones of cells simultaneously mutant for both dsh and sgg do not produce a dsh mutant phenotype at the wing margin, but display the phenotype of cells mutant for sgg alone. (Couso et al., 1994) When both maternal and zygotic components of dsh are lacking, dsh embryos display patterning defects identical to those for wg null mutants such as wg^l-17: no segment borders form to define segments, the usual naked regions of cuticle are not seen and filzkorper and head structures are missing. The second midgut constriction fails to form. Clonal analysis reveals that dsh is required for patterning but not viability of ventral cells in the leg, with dsh clones producing supernumerary appendages from the ventral face. Wing clones show supernumerary cells in the triple row. (Klingensmith et al., 1994) Clonal analysis revealed polarity defects in adult tissues as for dsh¹, and that dsh is required autonomously for cell polarity. Similar mutant leg phenotypes, e.g. duplications and bifurcations, are produced by dsh clones, dsh, wg double heterozygotes and wg mutants. There is allele specificity in these interactions. (Theisen et al., 1994) dsh³ embryos have a wg-like phenotype. In dsh³ embryos arm stripes could not be detected. (Riggleman et al., 1990) Females possessing homozygous germline clones when mated to wild type males produce two classes of embryos: heterozygous females are fertile and morphogenetically normal and hemizygous male embryos lack dorsal cuticle, posterior spiracles and filzkorper material. The ventral cuticle present has no naked cuticle in the thoracic or abdominal segments. Embryos show an aberrant pattern of cell death and lack of parasegmental and segmental boundaries. (Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987) larval lethal maternal-effect, partially rescuable by wild type sperm
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Suppressed by
Statement Reference dsh³ has planar polarity defective phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS/arm^{S56A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6.T:Hsap\MYC} (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference dsh³ is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^69B, fz^Scer\UAS.N (Zhang and Carthew, 1998) dsh³ is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, aos::shg^{i.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (Greaves et al., 1999) dsh³ is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, aos::shg^{i.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (Greaves et al., 1999) dsh³ is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^unspecified, nkd^Scer\UAS.cZa (Zeng et al., 2000)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference dsh³/dsh[+] is a non-enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, kermit^GS2053 (Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010) dsh³ is a non-enhancer of cell polarity defective phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, pk^{sple.Scer\UAS} (Jenny et al., 2003) dsh³ is a non-enhancer of visible phenotype of Ret^MEN2A.GMR (Read et al., 2005) dsh³ is a non-enhancer of visible phenotype of Ret^MEN2B.GMR (Read et al., 2005)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference dsh³/dsh[+] is a suppressor \| partially of visible phenotype of CycE^JP (Brumby et al., 2004) dsh³/dsh[+] is a suppressor of cell polarity defective phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, dco^Scer\UAS.cKa (Klein et al., 2006) dsh³ is a suppressor \| partially of cell polarity defective phenotype of pk^pk.sev (Jenny et al., 2003) dsh³ is a suppressor of planar polarity defective phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, fz^Scer\UAS.cAa (Strutt et al., 1997) dsh³ is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, arm^Scer\UAS.cWa (Greaves et al., 1999) dsh³ is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, arm^Scer\UAS.cWa (Greaves et al., 1999)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference dsh³/dsh[+] is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, kermit^GS2053 (Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of lethal \| maternal effect phenotype of Scer\GAL4^Act.PU, wntD^{Scer\UAS.P\T.cEa} (McElwain et al., 2011) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of Ret^MEN2A.GMR (Read et al., 2005) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of Ret^MEN2B.GMR (Read et al., 2005)
Phenotype Manifest In
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference dsh³ has phenotype, non-enhanceable by nkd³ (Rousset et al., 2001)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference dsh³ has denticle phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS/arm^{S56A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6.T:Hsap\MYC} (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) dsh³ has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle \| germline clone \| maternal effect phenotype, suppressible \| germline clone \| maternal effect \| partially by sgg^M11 (Morel and Arias, 2004) dsh³ has embryonic epidermis phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^arm.PS/arm^{S56A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6.T:Hsap\MYC} (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) dsh³ has embryonic leading edge cell \| germline clone \| maternal effect phenotype, suppressible \| germline clone \| maternal effect \| partially by sgg^M11 (Morel and Arias, 2004) dsh³ has follicle stem cell \| somatic clone phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI/Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI/tkv^{Q199D.Scer\UAS} (Kirilly et al., 2005) dsh³ has phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Mmus\Dvl2^fl.cKa (Klingensmith et al., 1996)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference dsh³ has phenotype, non-suppressible by nkd³ (Rousset et al., 2001)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference dsh³/dsh[+] is an enhancer of joint phenotype of ds¹/ds⁰⁵¹⁴² (Rodriguez, 2004) dsh³/dsh[+] is an enhancer of leg phenotype of ds¹/ds⁰⁵¹⁴² (Rodriguez, 2004) dsh³/dsh[+] is an enhancer of tarsal segment phenotype of ds¹/ds⁰⁵¹⁴² (Rodriguez, 2004) dsh³ is an enhancer of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, aos::shg^{i.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (Greaves et al., 1999) dsh³ is an enhancer of wing margin phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, fz^{1-1-1.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (Wu et al., 2004) dsh³ is an enhancer of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, aos::shg^{i.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (Greaves et al., 1999)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference dsh³/dsh[+] is a non-enhancer of wing hair phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, kermit^GS2053 (Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010) dsh³ is a non-enhancer of eye phenotype of Ret^MEN2A.GMR (Read et al., 2005) dsh³ is a non-enhancer of eye phenotype of Ret^MEN2B.GMR (Read et al., 2005) dsh³ is a non-enhancer of interneuron phenotype of Scer\GAL4^eg-Mz360, drl^Scer\UAS.cCa (Yoshikawa et al., 2003) dsh³ is a non-enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, pk^{sple.Scer\UAS} (Jenny et al., 2003) dsh³ is a non-enhancer of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^bbg-C96, mam^N.Scer\UAS (Helms et al., 1999)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference dsh³/dsh[+] is a suppressor \| partially of eye phenotype of CycE^JP (Brumby et al., 2004) dsh³/dsh[+] is a suppressor of eye photoreceptor cell phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, dco^Scer\UAS.cKa (Klein et al., 2006) dsh³/dsh[+] is a suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, dco^Scer\UAS.cKa (Klein et al., 2006) dsh³ is a suppressor \| partially of ommatidium phenotype of pk^pk.sev (Jenny et al., 2003) dsh³ is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, arm^Scer\UAS.cWa (Greaves et al., 1999) dsh³ is a suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, fz^Scer\UAS.cAa (Strutt et al., 1997) dsh³ is a suppressor of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, arm^Scer\UAS.cWa (Greaves et al., 1999)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference dsh³/dsh[+] is a non-suppressor of wing hair phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, kermit^GS2053 (Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of abdominal 1 ventral denticle belt phenotype of sgg^M11 (Siegfried et al., 1994) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of abdominal 2 ventral denticle belt phenotype of sgg^M11 (Siegfried et al., 1994) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of abdominal 3 ventral denticle belt phenotype of sgg^M11 (Siegfried et al., 1994) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of abdominal 4 ventral denticle belt phenotype of sgg^M11 (Siegfried et al., 1994) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of abdominal 5 ventral denticle belt phenotype of sgg^M11 (Siegfried et al., 1994) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of abdominal 6 ventral denticle belt phenotype of sgg^M11 (Siegfried et al., 1994) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of abdominal 7 ventral denticle belt phenotype of sgg^M11 (Siegfried et al., 1994) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of eye phenotype of Ret^MEN2A.GMR (Read et al., 2005) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of eye phenotype of Ret^MEN2B.GMR (Read et al., 2005) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of interneuron phenotype of Scer\GAL4^eg-Mz360, drl^Scer\UAS.cCa (Yoshikawa et al., 2003) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of Rac1^V12.hs.sev (Fanto et al., 2000) dsh³ is a non-suppressor of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^bbg-C96, mam^N.Scer\UAS (Helms et al., 1999)
Other
Statement Reference dsh³, l(2)gl⁴ has denticle phenotype (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) dsh³, l(2)gl⁴ has embryonic ventral epidermis phenotype (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) Scer\GAL4^arm.PS, arm^{S56A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6.T:Hsap\MYC}, dsh³ has denticle phenotype (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference dsh[3] maternal/l(2)gl[4] zygotic double mutants display a cuticle which resembles the l(2)gl[4] maternal mutant phenotype. Patches of denticles are observed which lack proper alignment, and the ventral epithelium is continuous and formed. Denticle precursors are not properly oriented toward the posterior of cells and denticle placement appears to be random within each cell. dsh[3] germ-line clones expressing arm[S56A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6.T:Hsap\MYC] under the control of Scer\GAL4[arm.PS] restores some pattern, but a strong denticle alignment phenotype remains. Embryos expressing arm[S56A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6.T:Hsap\MYC] under the control of Scer\GAL4[arm.PS] in a maternal dsh[3] background display a complete absence of denticles. (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) Expression of dco^Scer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev in a dsh³/+ background completely suppresses the planar cell polarity and photoreceptor number phenotypes seen when dco^Scer\UAS.cKa is expressed in a wild-type background. (Klein et al., 2006) The rapid loss of smo³ homozygous somatic clone cells from the somatic stem cell population of the germarium is significantly suppressed if the clone cells are also tkv^{Q199D.Scer\UAS}; Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI (Scer\GAL80 method). (Kirilly et al., 2005) Unlike embryos from dsh³ germline clones, embryos from dsh³; sgg^M11 germ-line clones have no dorsal hole in their cuticles (although their dorsal cuticle is severely puckered), and have a dorso-ventrally polarised and extended leading edge at stage 13. (Morel and Arias, 2004) dsh³/+ enhances the severity of leg phenotypes in ds⁰⁵¹⁴²/ds¹ animals: The length of the segments is reduced and most of the tarsal joints very reduced or completely absent. (Rodriguez, 2004) The addition of dsh³ has no effect on the interneuron phenotype seen in drl^Scer\UAS.cCa, Scer\GAL4^eg-Mz360 animals. (Yoshikawa et al., 2003) In crosses between nkd³/+, dsh³ flies and nkd³/+ flies, no enhancement or suppression of the dsh³ phenotype is seen. (Rousset et al., 2001) Has no effect on the wing nicking phenotype seen in mam^N.Scer\UAS, Scer\GAL4^C96 flies. (Helms et al., 1999) Enhances wing margin phenotype of fz^Scer\UAS.N, Scer\GAL4^69B. (Zhang and Carthew, 1998) Embryos derived from homozygous doubly mutant germ lines, receiving neither maternal or zygotic wild type product, for sgg^M11 and dsh³ lack denticles on the ventral cuticle. (Siegfried et al., 1994)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	dsh³ is rescued by dsh^1.hs.sev (Boutros et al., 1998) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^cAa (Axelrod et al., 1998) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^{CK2.hs.T:Hsap\MYC} (Penton et al., 2002) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^{CK3.hs.T:Hsap\MYC} (Penton et al., 2002) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^{CK4.hs.T:Hsap\MYC} (Penton et al., 2002) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^fl.cKa (Klingensmith et al., 1996) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^{fl.hs.T:Hsap\MYC} (Penton et al., 2002) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^hs.sev.B (Boutros et al., 1998) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^Scer\UAS.cAa/Scer\GAL4^da.G32 (Morel and Arias, 2004) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^{ST1.hs.T:Hsap\MYC} (Penton et al., 2002) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^{ST4.hs.T:Hsap\MYC} (Penton et al., 2002) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^{ST5.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} (Strutt et al., 2006) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^{ST45.hs.T:Hsap\MYC} (Penton et al., 2002) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^{ST124.hs.T:Hsap\MYC} (Penton et al., 2002) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^{T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} (Axelrod, 2001) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^{ΔBasic.hs.T:Hsap\MYC} (Penton et al., 2002) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^ΔbPDZ (Axelrod et al., 1998) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^ΔC.hs.sev (Boutros et al., 1998) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^ΔDIX.hs.sev (Boutros et al., 1998) dsh³ is rescued by dsh^ΔPDZ.hs.sev (Boutros et al., 1998)
Partially rescued by	dsh³ is partially rescued by dsh^1.tAa (Axelrod et al., 1998) dsh³ is partially rescued by dsh^{KR.E.2x.T:Avic\GFP} (Simons et al., 2009) dsh³ is partially rescued by dsh^{ST8.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} (Strutt et al., 2006) dsh³ is partially rescued by dsh^ΔDIX (Axelrod et al., 1998) dsh³ is partially rescued by dsh^ΔEP+ (Axelrod et al., 1998)
Not rescued by	dsh³ is not rescued by dsh^bPDZ (Axelrod et al., 1998) dsh³ is not rescued by dsh^DEP+ (Axelrod et al., 1998) dsh³ is not rescued by dsh^DIX (Axelrod et al., 1998) dsh³ is not rescued by dsh^{KR.E.5x.T:Avic\GFP} (Simons et al., 2009) dsh³ is not rescued by dsh^ΔDEP+ (Axelrod et al., 1998) dsh³ is not rescued by dsh^{ΔDEPD-2.hs.T:Hsap\MYC} (Penton et al., 2002) dsh³ is not rescued by dsh^{ΔPDZ.hs.T:Hsap\MYC} (Penton et al., 2002)
Comments	Expression of dsh^{ST8.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} rescues the lethality of dsh³ mutants. (Strutt et al., 2006) dsh^Scer\UAS.cAa; Scer\GAL4^da.G32 rescues the cuticles of embryos from dsh³ germline clones to normal length and suppresses the hole anterodorsal cuticle hole. (Morel and Arias, 2004) dsh^sevE.sevP.PS partially rescues the ommatidial polarity defects due to dsh³ somatic clones: ommatidia inside the clone have normal polarity, but ommatidia are inverted on the equatorial edge of the clone . (Strutt and Strutt, 2002) dsh³ flies carrying dsh^1.tAa are viable and have a dsh¹ phenotype. Mutant embryos show shortening of the cuticle, fusion of denticle bands and absence the head skeleton and filzkorper. This phenotype is completely rescued by injection of dsh^cAa or dsh^ΔbPDZ mRNA, partially rescued by injection of dsh^ΔDIX or dsh^ΔEP+ mRNA, and is not rescued by injection of dsh^ΔDEP+, dsh^DIX, dsh^bPDZ or dsh^DEP+ mRNA. (Axelrod et al., 1998)
Stocks ( 3 )
Bloomington	6331 w^* dsh³ P{neoFRT}19A/FM7a 5299 y¹ w¹ dsh³ f^36a/FM7a
Kyoto	108158 y¹ w¹ dsh³ f^36a/FM7a
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

Comments
	Mosaic analysis in the embryo revealed that the requirement for dsh product is cell autonomous. (Klingensmith et al., 1994) Maternal germline clonal analysis demonstrates a maternal effect, defects in segment polarity. (Perrimon et al., 1989)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 10 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	dsh[V26] (Katanaev et al., 2005) dsh³ (Jafar-Nejad et al., 2006, Strutt et al., 2006, Blanco et al., 2009, Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010, Strutt and Strutt, 2008, McElwain et al., 2011) dsh^V6 (Rodriguez, 2004) dsh^v6 (Joshi et al., 2006) dsh^V26 (Dollar et al., 2005, Amonlirdviman et al., 2005, Wu et al., 2004, Morel and Arias, 2004, Zallen and Wieschaus, 2004, Tomlinson, 2003, Wernet et al., 2003, Tolwinski and Wieschaus, 2004, Tolwinski et al., 2003, Galindo et al., 2002, Strutt et al., 2002, Cohen et al., 2002, Shimada et al., 2001, Fanto, 2000, Fanto et al., 2000, Azpiazu and Morata, 2000, Zeng et al., 2000, Greaves et al., 1999, Boutros et al., 1998, Wehrli and Tomlinson, 1998, Tomlinson et al., 1997, Cadigan and Nusse, 1996, Jiang and Struhl, 1996, Noordermeer et al., 1995, Yanagawa et al., 1995, van den Heuvel et al., 1993, Siegfried et al., 1994, Zhang et al., 2006, Simons et al., 2009, Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010) dsh^v26 (Das et al., 2004, Janody et al., 2004, Jenny et al., 2003, Kaltschmidt et al., 2002, Cliffe et al., 2003, Sudarsan et al., 2001, Nakagoshi et al., 2002, Penton et al., 2002, Rousset et al., 2001, Axelrod, 2001, Llimargas, 2000, Helms et al., 1999, Brennan et al., 1999, Zhang and Carthew, 1998, Axelrod et al., 1998, Martinez Arias, 1998, Park et al., 1998, Micchelli et al., 1997, Heslip et al., 1997, Rulifson et al., 1996, Klingensmith et al., 1996, Yu et al., 1996, Axelrod et al., 1996, Manoukian et al., 1995, Zheng et al., 1995, Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jaeckle, 1995, Couso and Martinez Arias, 1994, Couso et al., 1994, Theisen et al., 1994, Siegfried et al., 1994, Noordermeer et al., 1994, Klingensmith et al., 1994, Perrimon et al., 1989, Perrimon and Mahowald, 1987, Zhimulev et al., 1987, Lim and Tomlinson, 2006, Klein et al., 2006, Jenny et al., 2005) l(1)dsh^v26 (Hanratty and Dearolf, 1993) l(1)V26 (Riggleman et al., 1990) l(1)v26 (Geer et al., 1983, ) V26 (Geer et al., 1983)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 90 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 90 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 87 ) Supplementary material ( 2 ) Review ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 3 )
	McElwain et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(11): e26993 A suppressor/enhancer screen in Drosophila reveals a role for wnt-mediated lipid metabolism in primordial germ cell migration. [FBrf0216663] Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010, PLoS ONE 5(6): e11228 The Drosophila GIPC homologue can modulate myosin based processes and planar cell polarity but is not essential for development. [FBrf0211141] Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010, J. Cell Sci. 123(18): 3157--3165 Spatially defined Dsh-Lgl interaction contributes to directional tissue morphogenesis. [FBrf0211705] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...

Allele Dmel\dsh3

Allele Dmel\dsh³