FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\gro[E48]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\gro^E48

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0003339

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\gro

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

E(spl)^E48

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

loss of function allele

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Heitzler et al., 1996)

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Chen et al., 1999, Dubnicoff et al., 1997)

loss of function allele

(Aronson et al., 1997)

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Preiss et al., 1988)

Progenitor genotype

E(spl)m8-HLH¹

(de Celis et al., 1991)

Cytology

Polytene chromosomes normal.

(Preiss et al., 1988)

Description

Amino acid replacement: V663D.

(Jennings et al., 2006)

Point mutation.

(Aronson et al., 1997, Delidakis et al., 1991, Xu et al., 1990)

Mutations in the m9/m10 coding region.

(de Celis et al., 1991)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

point_mutation

3R:26,048,371..26,048,371 [+]

Nucleotide change:

T26048371A

Amino acid change:

Reported amino acid change:

V663D

Comment:

Nucleotide substitution inferred from reported amino acid change. Position of mutation on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator.

(Jennings et al., 2006)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

anterior postalar bristle

(Kaspar et al., 2008)

chaeta | ectopic | somatic clone

(Giagtzoglou et al., 2003)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | germline clone | maternal effect

(Jennings et al., 2006)

embryonic epidermis

(Cavallo et al., 1998)

macrochaeta

(Barolo et al., 2002, Bang et al., 1995)

macrochaeta & scutum

(Heitzler et al., 1996)

mesonotum | somatic clone

(Giagtzoglou et al., 2003)

microchaeta & scutum

(Heitzler et al., 1996)

microchaeta | ectopic | somatic clone

(Ramain et al., 2001)

scutellum | somatic clone

(Ramain et al., 2001)

sense organ & wing

(de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995)

ventral denticle belt

(Cavallo et al., 1998)

wing blade anterior compartment

(de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

35% of heterozygous flies show duplication of the anterior postalar bristle.

(Kaspar et al., 2008)

gro¹/gro^E48 adult wings show no overt phenotype.

(Bejarano et al., 2007)

Embryos laid by females containing homozygous germline clones have a strong mutant cuticle phenotype (equivalent to that seen in gro null mutants).

(Jennings et al., 2006)

Homozygous clones in the notum produce tufts of bristles.

(Giagtzoglou et al., 2003)

Heterozygotes have a mild bristle loss phenotype.

(Barolo et al., 2002)

Homozygous clones have ectopic microchaetae in the region of the scutellum.

(Ramain et al., 2001)

Some zygotically mutant gro^E48/Df(3R)Espl22 embryos show subtle patterning defects, consistent with mild wg hyperactivation.

(Cavallo et al., 1998)

Clones fail to differentiate epidermis. Microchaetes are densely packed and adjacent to one another. Macrochaetes are present as dense tufts of abnormal bristles. h²²/gro^E48 double heterozygotes differentiate ectopic microchaete along the wing vein 2.

(Heitzler et al., 1996)

Clonal analysis revealed that the gro mutant bristle tufting phenotype is epistatic to the H null bristle loss phenotype.

(Bang et al., 1995)

In clones in the wing, the phenotype depends on where the clone lies. In the anterior compartment all clones abutting the wing margin cause local overgrowth and pattern duplications. Those abutting the wing margin and restricted to dorsal or ventral surfaces cause overgrowth of both dorsal and ventral cells. Clones at the wing margin cause loss of sensory organs and mild scalloping of the margin.

(de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995)

Heterozygotes that are also heterozygous for gro^BFP2 have eye defects that are similar but not identical to gro^BFP2 homozygotes. Homozygous mutant clones in the eye show ommatidial defects, often having extra photoreceptors.

(Fischer-Vize et al., 1992)

Weak neurogenic phenotype.

(Preiss et al., 1988)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

gro^E48 has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by klu[+]/klu^212lR51C

(Kaspar et al., 2008)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

gro^E48/gro[+] is an enhancer of visible | heat sensitive phenotype of H^C2.hs

(Johannes and Preiss, 2002)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

gro^E48/gro[+] is a suppressor of partially lethal phenotype of Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG, run^UAS.cLa

(Wheeler et al., 2002)

Other

Statement

Reference

gro^E48/gro[+], klu^212lR51C has visible | dominant phenotype

(Kaspar et al., 2008)

gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has visible phenotype

(Bejarano et al., 2007)

Gug³⁵, gro^E48/gro[+] has visible | dominant phenotype

(Wehn and Campbell, 2006)

gro^E48/gro[+], sbb⁶ has visible | dominant phenotype

(Wehn and Campbell, 2006)

gro^E48/gro[+], sbb^Eal17 has visible | dominant phenotype

(Wehn and Campbell, 2006)

Gug^Eal15, gro^E48/gro[+] has visible | dominant phenotype

(Wehn and Campbell, 2006)

Df(3L)10^H, gro^E48 has lethal | dominant | maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype

(Chen et al., 1999)

HDAC1⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶, gro^E48 has lethal | dominant | maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype

(Chen et al., 1999)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

gro^E48 has phenotype, enhanceable by kni⁹

(Payankaulam and Arnosti, 2009)

gro^E48 has phenotype, enhanceable by kni²

(Payankaulam and Arnosti, 2009)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

gro^E48 has anterior postalar bristle phenotype, suppressible by klu[+]/klu^212lR51C

(Kaspar et al., 2008)

gro^E48 has microchaeta | ectopic | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by N^Mcd1

(Ramain et al., 2001)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

gro^E48 has microchaeta | ectopic | somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by N^Ax-59b

(Ramain et al., 2001)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

gro^E48 is an enhancer of phenotype of kni⁹

(Payankaulam and Arnosti, 2009)

gro^E48 is an enhancer of phenotype of kni²

(Payankaulam and Arnosti, 2009)

gro^E48/gro[+] is an enhancer of wing vein | ectopic | heat sensitive phenotype of H^C2.hs

(Johannes and Preiss, 2002)

gro^E48/gro[+] is an enhancer of wing | heat sensitive phenotype of H^C2.hs

(Johannes and Preiss, 2002)

gro^E48/gro[+] is an enhancer of embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype of eve¹

(Kobayashi et al., 2001)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

gro^E48 is a non-enhancer of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^bbg-C96, mam^N.UAS

(Helms et al., 1999)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Df(3R)Espl22/gro^E48 is a suppressor of larval muscle system phenotype of Him^UAS.cLa, Scer\GAL4^twi.PB

(Liotta et al., 2007)

gro^E48 is a suppressor of embryonic epidermis phenotype of Scer\GAL4^e22c, pan^ΔN.UAS

(Cavallo et al., 1998)

gro^E48 is a suppressor of ventral denticle belt phenotype of Scer\GAL4^e22c, pan^ΔN.UAS

(Cavallo et al., 1998)

gro^E48 is a suppressor of phenotype of arm³

(Cavallo et al., 1998)

gro^E48 is a suppressor of phenotype of arm⁴

(Cavallo et al., 1998)

Other

Statement

Reference

gro^E48/gro[+], klu^212lR51C has presutural bristle phenotype

(Kaspar et al., 2008)

gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has wing vein L2 phenotype

(Bejarano et al., 2007)

gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has wing vein L3 phenotype

(Bejarano et al., 2007)

gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has wing margin bristle phenotype

(Bejarano et al., 2007)

gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has wing blade anterior compartment phenotype

(Bejarano et al., 2007)

Gug³⁵, gro^E48/gro[+] has interocellar bristle phenotype

(Wehn and Campbell, 2006)

gro^E48/gro[+], sbb⁶ has interocellar bristle phenotype

(Wehn and Campbell, 2006)

gro^E48/gro[+], sbb^Eal17 has interocellar bristle phenotype

(Wehn and Campbell, 2006)

Gug^Eal15, gro^E48/gro[+] has interocellar bristle phenotype

(Wehn and Campbell, 2006)

gro^E48, osa³⁰⁸ has wing | ectopic phenotype

(Collins and Treisman, 2000)

gro^E48, osa³⁰⁸ has mesonotum phenotype

(Collins and Treisman, 2000)

HDAC1⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶, gro^E48 has embryonic epidermis phenotype

(Chen et al., 1999)

HDAC1⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶, gro^E48 has embryo phenotype

(Chen et al., 1999)

Df(3L)10^H, gro^E48 has embryonic epidermis phenotype

(Chen et al., 1999)

Df(3L)10^H, gro^E48 has embryo phenotype

(Chen et al., 1999)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

54% of gro^E48/klu^212lR51C double heterozygotes show loss of the presutural bristle.

klu^212lR51C/+ partially suppresses the duplication of the anterior postalar bristle seen in gro^E48 heterozygotes: only 12% of the double heterozygous flies show the duplication.

(Kaspar et al., 2008)

gro¹/gro^E48 adults heterozygous for sbb⁶ show an enlarged anterior wing compartment. Ectopic longitudinal wing vein L2 and L3 tissue develops, and transformation of the anterior wing margin bristles into more posteriorly located sensory organs is observed.

(Bejarano et al., 2007)

The loss of muscles that is seen in embryos expressing Him^Scer\UAS.cLa under the control of Scer\GAL4^twi.PB is suppressed if the embryos are also mutant for gro^E48/Df(3R)Espl22.

(Liotta et al., 2007)

gro^E48 clones induced in flies expressing HLHm7^{Scer\UAS.cdCa} under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 result in patches of high bristle density in a bald notum.

(Giagtzoglou et al., 2003)

The partial lethality due to run^Scer\UAS.cLa; Scer\GAL4^nos.PG (3% viable) is partially suppressed by maternal heterozygosity for gro^E48 (rescues to 30% viable).

(Wheeler et al., 2002)

The severity of cuticle defects seen in eve¹ embryos is increased if the mother is also heterozygous for gro^E48. The defects are pair rule in nature. The degree of rescue of the eve³ embryonic phenotype conferred by one copy of eve^E+L.8.4 is reduced if the mother is heterozygous for gro^E48. The degree of rescue of the eve³ embryonic phenotype conferred by two copies of eve^EGNΔLFK is reduced slightly if the mother is heterozygous for gro^E48.

(Kobayashi et al., 2001)

N^Mcd1 gro^E48 double mutant clones lack the ectopic microchaetae seen in gro^E48 clones. N^Ax-59b gro^E48 double mutant clones do form ectopic microchaetae (as is seen in gro^E48 single mutant clones).

(Ramain et al., 2001)

gro^E48/osa³⁰⁸ transheterozygous adults have notum to wing transformations.

(Collins and Treisman, 2000)

Eggs from Rpd3⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶/gro^E48 mothers exhibit an embryonic lethality significantly higher than from either gro^E48/+ or Rpd3⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶/+ mothers. Cuticles from unhatched embryos show a bicaudal phenotype, including a duplicated posterior spiracle, and a mirror image duplication of the posterior abdominal segments in place of the normal anterior segments. Eggs from Df(3L)10^H/gro^E48 mothers exhibit an embryonic lethality significantly higher than from either gro^E48/+ or Df(3L)10^H/+ mothers. 50-60% had no cuticle. Cuticles from 5-10% of unhatched embryos show a duplication of the posterior spiracle accompanied by disorganised denticle belts.

(Chen et al., 1999)

gro^E48 has no effect on the wing nicking phenotype seen in mam^N.Scer\UAS, Scer\GAL4^C96 flies.

(Helms et al., 1999)

Suppression of arm mutant phenotypes depends on reduction of maternal contribution from the gro locus. Suppression of pan^ΔN.Scer\UAS mutant phenotype depends on reduction of maternal contribution from the gro locus.

(Cavallo et al., 1998)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Comments

Can be rescued by a gro^unspecified transgene.

(Preiss, 2000.2.18)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

99705

P{neoFRT}82B gro^E48/TM3, Ser¹

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Preiss.

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (6)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

E(spl)^E48

(Wheeler et al., 2002, Fischer-Vize et al., 1992, de Celis et al., 1991, Delidakis et al., 1991, Xu et al., 1990, Preiss et al., 1988)

E(spl)^r18

(Price et al., 1997)

Gro^E48

(Walrad et al., 2010)

gro^E48

(Bar-Cohen et al., 2023, Guo et al., 2019, Forés et al., 2015, Upadhyai and Campbell, 2013, Technau et al., 2012, Helman et al., 2011, Pérez et al., 2011, Walrad et al., 2011, Babaoglan et al., 2009, Payankaulam and Arnosti, 2009, Cinnamon et al., 2008, González et al., 2008, Jennings et al., 2008, Bejarano et al., 2007, Liotta et al., 2007, Jennings et al., 2006, Wehn and Campbell, 2006)

gro^mat-

(Cinnamon et al., 2004)

groE48

(Kaspar et al., 2008)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (58)

Report Sections

Open Close