Allele Dmel\gro^E48

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\gro^E48	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0003339
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\gro
Also Known As	E(spl)^E48

Map ( GBrowse )
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence (Heitzler et al., 1996) hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence (Dubnicoff et al., 1997, Chen et al., 1999) loss of function allele (Aronson et al., 1997)
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Preiss et al., 1988)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References point mutation 3R:21,874,093..21,874,093 na_change=T21874093A pr_change=V663D \| gro-PB; V663D \| gro-PA; V663D \| gro-PD; V663D \| gro-PC; V674D \| gro-PE; V663D \| gro-PF; V672D \| gro-PG; V653D \| gro-PH reported_pr_change=V663D comment=Nucleotide substitution inferred from reported amino acid change. Position of mutation on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator. (Jennings et al., 2006)
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype	E(spl)m8-HLH¹ (de Celis et al., 1991)
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Amino acid replacement: V663D. (Jennings et al., 2006) Mutations in the m9/m10 coding region. (de Celis et al., 1991) Point mutation. (Xu et al., 1990, Delidakis et al., 1991, Aronson et al., 1997)
Cytology	Polytene chromosomes normal. (Preiss et al., 1988)
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) lethal \| neurogenic phenotype (Preiss et al., 1988) lethal \| recessive (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995, de Celis et al., 1991, Price et al., 1997) visible \| dominant (Barolo et al., 2002, Kaspar et al., 2008) visible \| recessive \| somatic clone (Ramain et al., 2001) visible \| somatic clone (Giagtzoglou et al., 2003)
Phenotype Manifest In
	anterior postalar bristle (Kaspar et al., 2008) chaeta \| ectopic \| somatic clone (Giagtzoglou et al., 2003) denticle belt (Cavallo et al., 1998) embryonic/first instar larval cuticle \| germline clone \| maternal effect (Jennings et al., 2006) embryonic epidermis (Cavallo et al., 1998) macrochaeta (Barolo et al., 2002, Bang et al., 1995) macrochaeta & scutum (Heitzler et al., 1996) mesothoracic tergum \| somatic clone (Giagtzoglou et al., 2003) microchaeta & scutum (Heitzler et al., 1996) microchaeta \| ectopic \| somatic clone (Ramain et al., 2001) scutellum \| somatic clone (Ramain et al., 2001) sense organ & wing (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) wing \| anterior compartment (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference 35% of heterozygous flies show duplication of the anterior postalar bristle. (Kaspar et al., 2008) gro[1]/gro[E48] adult wings show no overt phenotype. (Bejarano et al., 2007) Embryos laid by females containing homozygous germline clones have a strong mutant cuticle phenotype (equivalent to that seen in gro null mutants). (Jennings et al., 2006) Homozygous clones in the notum produce tufts of bristles. (Giagtzoglou et al., 2003) Heterozygotes have a mild bristle loss phenotype. (Barolo et al., 2002) Homozygous clones have ectopic microchaetae in the region of the scutellum. (Ramain et al., 2001) Some zygotically mutant gro^E48/Df(3R)Espl22 embryos show subtle patterning defects, consistent with mild wg hyperactivation. (Cavallo et al., 1998) Clones fail to differentiate epidermis. Microchaetes are densely packed and adjacent to one another. Macrochaetes are present as dense tufts of abnormal bristles. h²²/gro^E48 double heterozygotes differentiate ectopic microchaete along the wing vein 2. (Heitzler et al., 1996) Clonal analysis revealed that the gro mutant bristle tufting phenotype is epistatic to the H null bristle loss phenotype. (Bang et al., 1995) In clones in the wing, the phenotype depends on where the clone lies. In the anterior compartment all clones abutting the wing margin cause local overgrowth and pattern duplications. Those abutting the wing margin and restricted to dorsal or ventral surfaces cause overgrowth of both dorsal and ventral cells. Clones at the wing margin cause loss of sensory organs and mild scalloping of the margin. (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) Heterozygotes that are also heterozygous for gro^BFP2 have eye defects that are similar but not identical to gro^BFP2 homozygotes. Homozygous mutant clones in the eye show ommatidial defects, often having extra photoreceptors. (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) Weak neurogenic phenotype. (Preiss et al., 1988)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Suppressed by
Statement Reference gro^E48 has visible \| dominant phenotype, suppressible \| partially by klu[+]/klu^212lR51C (Kaspar et al., 2008)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference gro^E48/gro[+] is an enhancer of visible \| heat sensitive phenotype of H^C2.hs (Johannes and Preiss, 2002)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference gro^E48/gro[+] is a suppressor \| maternal effect \| partially of lethal \| partially phenotype of Scer\GAL4^nos.PG, run^Scer\UAS.cLa (Wheeler et al., 2002)
Other
Statement Reference Df(3L)10^H, gro^E48 has lethal \| dominant \| embryonic stage \| maternal effect phenotype (Chen et al., 1999) gro^E48/gro[+], klu^212lR51C has visible \| dominant phenotype (Kaspar et al., 2008) gro^E48/gro[+], sbb⁶ has visible \| dominant phenotype (Wehn and Campbell, 2006) gro^E48/gro[+], sbb^Eal17 has visible \| dominant phenotype (Wehn and Campbell, 2006) gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has visible phenotype (Bejarano et al., 2007) Gug³⁵, gro^E48/gro[+] has visible \| dominant phenotype (Wehn and Campbell, 2006) Gug^Eal15, gro^E48/gro[+] has visible \| dominant phenotype (Wehn and Campbell, 2006) Rpd3⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶, gro^E48 has lethal \| dominant \| embryonic stage \| maternal effect phenotype (Chen et al., 1999, Chen et al., 1999)
Phenotype Manifest In
Suppressed by
Statement Reference gro^E48 has anterior postalar bristle phenotype, suppressible \| partially by klu[+]/klu^212lR51C (Kaspar et al., 2008) gro^E48 has microchaeta \| ectopic \| somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by N^Mcd1 (Ramain et al., 2001)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference gro^E48 has microchaeta \| ectopic \| somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by N^Ax-59b (Ramain et al., 2001)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference gro^E48/gro[+] is an enhancer \| maternal effect of embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype of eve¹ (Kobayashi et al., 2001) gro^E48/gro[+] is an enhancer of wing \| heat sensitive phenotype of H^C2.hs (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) gro^E48/gro[+] is an enhancer of wing vein \| ectopic \| heat sensitive phenotype of H^C2.hs (Johannes and Preiss, 2002)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference gro^E48 is a non-enhancer of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^bbg-C96, mam^N.Scer\UAS (Helms et al., 1999)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference Df(3R)Espl22/gro^E48 is a suppressor of embryonic/larval muscle system phenotype of Him^Scer\UAS.cLa, Scer\GAL4^twi.PB (Liotta et al., 2007) gro^E48 is a suppressor of denticle belt phenotype of Scer\GAL4^e22c, pan^ΔN.Scer\UAS (Cavallo et al., 1998) gro^E48 is a suppressor of embryonic epidermis phenotype of Scer\GAL4^e22c, pan^ΔN.Scer\UAS (Cavallo et al., 1998) gro^E48 is a suppressor of phenotype of arm³ (Cavallo et al., 1998) gro^E48 is a suppressor of phenotype of arm⁴ (Cavallo et al., 1998)
Other
Statement Reference Df(3L)10^H, gro^E48 has embryonic epidermis phenotype (Chen et al., 1999) Df(3L)10^H, gro^E48 has embryo phenotype (Chen et al., 1999) gro^E48, osa³⁰⁸ has mesothoracic tergum phenotype (Collins and Treisman, 2000, Collins and Treisman, 2000) gro^E48, osa³⁰⁸ has wing \| ectopic phenotype (Collins and Treisman, 2000, Collins and Treisman, 2000) gro^E48/gro[+], klu^212lR51C has presutural bristle phenotype (Kaspar et al., 2008) gro^E48/gro[+], sbb⁶ has interocellar bristle phenotype (Wehn and Campbell, 2006) gro^E48/gro[+], sbb^Eal17 has interocellar bristle phenotype (Wehn and Campbell, 2006) gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has wing \| anterior compartment phenotype (Bejarano et al., 2007) gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has wing margin bristle phenotype (Bejarano et al., 2007) gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has wing vein L2 phenotype (Bejarano et al., 2007) gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has wing vein L3 phenotype (Bejarano et al., 2007) Gug³⁵, gro^E48/gro[+] has interocellar bristle phenotype (Wehn and Campbell, 2006) Gug^Eal15, gro^E48/gro[+] has interocellar bristle phenotype (Wehn and Campbell, 2006) Rpd3⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶, gro^E48 has embryonic epidermis phenotype (Chen et al., 1999, Chen et al., 1999) Rpd3⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶, gro^E48 has embryo phenotype (Chen et al., 1999, Chen et al., 1999)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference 54% of gro[E48]/klu[212lR51C] double heterozygotes show loss of the presutural bristle. klu[212lR51C]/+ partially suppresses the duplication of the anterior postalar bristle seen in gro[E48] heterozygotes: only 12% of the double heterozygous flies show the duplication. (Kaspar et al., 2008) gro[1]/gro[E48] adults heterozygous for sbb[6] show an enlarged anterior wing compartment. Ectopic longitudinal wing vein L2 and L3 tissue develops, and transformation of the anterior wing margin bristles into more posteriorly located sensory organs is observed. (Bejarano et al., 2007) The loss of muscles that is seen in embryos expressing Him^Scer\UAS.cLa under the control of Scer\GAL4^twi.PB is suppressed if the embryos are also mutant for gro^E48/Df(3R)Espl22. (Liotta et al., 2007) gro^E48 clones induced in flies expressing HLHm7^{Scer\UAS.cdCa} under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 result in patches of high bristle density in a bald notum. (Giagtzoglou et al., 2003) The partial lethality due to run^Scer\UAS.cLa; Scer\GAL4^nos.PG (3% viable) is partially suppressed by maternal heterozygosity for gro^E48 (rescues to 30% viable). (Wheeler et al., 2002) The severity of cuticle defects seen in eve¹ embryos is increased if the mother is also heterozygous for gro^E48. The defects are pair rule in nature. The degree of rescue of the eve³ embryonic phenotype conferred by one copy of eve^E+L.8.4 is reduced if the mother is heterozygous for gro^E48. The degree of rescue of the eve³ embryonic phenotype conferred by two copies of eve^EGNΔLFK is reduced slightly if the mother is heterozygous for gro^E48. (Kobayashi et al., 2001) N^Mcd1 gro^E48 double mutant clones lack the ectopic microchaetae seen in gro^E48 clones. N^Ax-59b gro^E48 double mutant clones do form ectopic microchaetae (as is seen in gro^E48 single mutant clones). (Ramain et al., 2001) gro^E48/osa³⁰⁸ transheterozygous adults have notum to wing transformations. (Collins and Treisman, 2000) Eggs from Rpd3⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶/gro^E48 mothers exhibit an embryonic lethality significantly higher than from either gro^E48/+ or Rpd3⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶/+ mothers. Cuticles from unhatched embryos show a bicaudal phenotype, including a duplicated posterior spiracle, and a mirror image duplication of the posterior abdominal segments in place of the normal anterior segments. Eggs from Df(3L)10^H/gro^E48 mothers exhibit an embryonic lethality significantly higher than from either gro^E48/+ or Df(3L)10^H/+ mothers. 50-60% had no cuticle. Cuticles from 5-10% of unhatched embryos show a duplication of the posterior spiracle accompanied by disorganised denticle belts. (Chen et al., 1999) gro^E48 has no effect on the wing nicking phenotype seen in mam^N.Scer\UAS, Scer\GAL4^C96 flies. (Helms et al., 1999) Suppression of arm mutant phenotypes depends on reduction of maternal contribution from the gro locus. Suppression of pan^ΔN.Scer\UAS mutant phenotype depends on reduction of maternal contribution from the gro locus. (Cavallo et al., 1998)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Comments	Can be rescued by a gro^unspecified transgene. (Preiss, 2000.2.18)
Stocks ( 0 )

Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Preiss.

External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 6 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	E(spl)^E48 (Wheeler et al., 2002, de Celis et al., 1991, Fischer-Vize et al., 1992, Delidakis et al., 1991, Xu et al., 1990, Preiss et al., 1988, ) E(spl)^r18 (Price et al., 1997, ) gro^E48 (Wehn and Campbell, 2006, Cinnamon et al., 2008, Jennings et al., 2006, Liotta et al., 2007, Jennings et al., 2008, Babaoglan et al., 2009, Bejarano et al., 2007, Walrad et al., 2011, Helman et al., 2011, González et al., 2008, Technau et al., 2012) Gro^E48 (Walrad et al., 2010) gro^mat- (Cinnamon et al., 2004) groE48 (Kaspar et al., 2008)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 52 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 52 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 51 ) Personal communication to FlyBase ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 3 )
	Technau et al., 2012, Dev. Genes Evol. 222(1): 1--17 Molecular mechanisms of EGF signaling-dependent regulation of pipe, a gene crucial for dorsoventral axis formation in Drosophila. [FBrf0217623] Helman et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(13): 1102--1110 Phosphorylation of Groucho Mediates RTK Feedback Inhibition and Prolonged Pathway Target Gene Expression. [FBrf0214255] Walrad et al., 2011, Mol. Biol. Cell 22(8): 1364--1374 Hairless is a cofactor for Runt-dependent transcriptional regulation. [FBrf0213441] Show all research papers ...

Allele Dmel\groE48

Allele Dmel\gro^E48