Allele Dmel\E(z)⁶³

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\E(z)⁶³	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0003442
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\E(z)

Map ( GBrowse )
Allele class	loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence (Jones and Gelbart, 1990, Carrington and Jones, 1996) loss of function allele
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Jones and Gelbart, 1990)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References point mutation 3L:10,630,859..10,630,859 evidence=experimental na_change=G10630859A pr_change=M1I\|E(z)-PA reported_na_change=G106A reported_pr_change=M1I (Carrington and Jones, 1996)
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Amino acid replacement: M1I. Nucleotide substitution: G106A. Eliminates the translation initiation codon. (Carrington and Jones, 1996)
Cytology	Polytene chromosomes normal. Polytene chromosomes normal. (Jones and Gelbart, 1990)
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal \| recessive mitotic cell cycle defective \| embryonic stage (O'Dor et al., 2006) neuroanatomy defective \| somatic clone (Parrish et al., 2007)
Phenotype Manifest In
	dendrite & dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC \| somatic clone (Parrish et al., 2007) metaphase & condensed chromosome & embryo (O'Dor et al., 2006) wing disc \| somatic clone (Beuchle et al., 2001)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Single cell class IV dendrite arborisation (da) neuron clones that are homozygous for E(z)[63] show a range of defects in the third instar larva. Homozygous class IV ddaC clones fail to properly cover the receptive field and show a significant reduction in dendrite branching, with on average a greater than 50% reduction in dendrite branch points and total dendritic length compared to controls. Terminal dendrite branches are affected more severely in the mutant neurons than major dendritic branches, and as a results the receptive field of mutant clones covers only 75% of the space occupied by wild-type control clones. Neighbouring heterozygous class IV neurons show very little invasion into the unoccupied territory left by the homozygous clone cell. Axons of mutant single cell ddaC neuron clones occupy a similar fascicular position in the ventral nerve cord and show very similar arborisation patterns as wild-type controls. Axon terminals of mutant v'ada or vdab clones are also indistinguishable from wild type. Heterozygous larvae show no significant defects in dendrite morphology of class IV dendrite arborisation (da) neurons. (Parrish et al., 2007) Early E(z)⁶³ embryos from heterozygous mothers exhibit significantly under-condensed chromatin at metaphase, causing the metaphase plate to increase from the wild-type width of ~2μm to ~5μm. These embryos exhibit chromatid arms that do not properly align at the metaphase plate, but instead project outwards. These embryos show a higher level of "nuclear fallout", a process that removes nuclei with abnormal mitoses, than wild-type embryos. This nuclear fallout is not severe and is often observed at the metaphase stage. (O'Dor et al., 2006) Homozygous mutant clones in the wing disc appear to be eliminated by cell competition if not given a proliferation advantage (such as using the Minute technique). (Beuchle et al., 2001) The total level of hydrocarbons and the level of 7-monoenes is significantly reduced in heterozygous males compared to controls. The total level of hydrocarbons and the level of 7,11-dienes is significantly decreased in heterozygous females compared to controls. (Wicker-Thomas and Jallon, 2000) Hemizygous mxc^M1 males show weak homeotic phenotypes. No significant interaction is detected in mxc^M1/Y in trans with one mutant copy of E(z)⁶³. (Saget et al., 1998) Dominant suppressor of z mutants.
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference E(z)⁶³ has neuroanatomy defective \| somatic clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by esc²¹/esc[+] (Parrish et al., 2007)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference E(z)⁶³ has neuroanatomy defective \| somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by esc²¹/esc[+] (Parrish et al., 2007)
Other
Statement Reference E(z)⁶³, Su(z)12⁴/Su(z)12[+] has neuroanatomy defective \| dominant phenotype (Parrish et al., 2007)
Phenotype Manifest In
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference E(z)⁶³ has dendrite & dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC \| somatic clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by esc²¹/esc[+] (Parrish et al., 2007) E(z)⁶³ has sex comb phenotype, non-enhanceable by Rpd3⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶ (Chang et al., 2001)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference E(z)⁶³ has dendrite & dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC \| somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by esc²¹/esc[+] (Parrish et al., 2007) E(z)⁶³ has sex comb phenotype, non-suppressible by Rpd3⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶ (Chang et al., 2001)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference E(z)⁶³ is a non-enhancer of sex comb phenotype of Rpd3⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶ (Chang et al., 2001)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference E(z)⁶³ is a suppressor of phenotype of z¹
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference E(z)⁶³ is a non-suppressor of sex comb phenotype of Rpd3⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶ (Chang et al., 2001)
Other
Statement Reference E(z)⁶³, Su(z)12⁴/Su(z)12[+] has dendrite & dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC phenotype (Parrish et al., 2007)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference The addition of esc[21]/+ does not alter the dendritic defects seen in single cell class IV dendrite arborisation (da) neuron clones that are homozygous for E(z)[63]. Pc[1]/E(z)[63] double heterozygous larvae show dendritic defects in class IV dendrite arborisation (da) neurons; there is a significant reduction in the number of dendritic branchpoints. (Parrish et al., 2007) The addition of esc¹⁰ or E(z)⁶³ to Rpd3⁰⁴⁵⁵⁶ animals has no effect on the extra sex comb phenotype. (Chang et al., 2001)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	E(z)⁶³ is rescued by E(z)^+t8.8 (Jones and Gelbart, 1993)
Comments	E(z)^+t8.8 fully rescues hemizygous lethality. (Jones and Gelbart, 1993)
Stocks ( 0 )

Notes on Origin
Discoverer

Comments
	The original E(z)⁶³ chromosome may have additional mutations that mask its phenotype. (Muller et al., 2002)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 4 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	E(z)63 (O'Dor et al., 2006) E(z)⁶³ (Huang et al., 2002, de Ayala Alonso et al., 2007, Parrish et al., 2007, Tie et al., 2009, Wicker-Thomas and Jallon, 2000) E(z)^S4 (Docquier et al., 1996, ) E(z)S4 (Jones and Gelbart, 1990)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 16 )
Research paper	Tie et al., 2009, Development 136(18): 3131--3141 CBP-mediated acetylation of histone H3 lysine 27 antagonizes Drosophila Polycomb silencing. [FBrf0208543] de Ayala Alonso et al., 2007, Genetics 176(4): 2099--2108 A genetic screen identifies novel polycomb group genes in Drosophila. [FBrf0201140] Parrish et al., 2007, Genes Dev. 21(8): 956--972 Polycomb genes interact with the tumor suppressor genes hippo and warts in the maintenance of Drosophila sensory neuron dendrites. [FBrf0201136] O'Dor et al., 2006, Dev. Biol. 290(2): 312--322 Polycomb Group mutants exhibit mitotic defects in syncytial cell cycles of Drosophila embryos. [FBrf0190149] Huang et al., 2002, Mol. Cell. Biol. 22(17): 6261--6271 pipsqueak encodes a factor essential for sequence-specific targeting of a polycomb group protein complex. [FBrf0155950] Muller et al., 2002, Cell 111(2): 197--208 Histone methyltransferase activity of a Drosophila Polycomb group repressor complex. [FBrf0151815] Beuchle et al., 2001, Development 128(6): 993--1004 Polycomb group proteins and heritable silencing of Drosophila Hox genes. [FBrf0134585] Chang et al., 2001, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(17): 9730--9735 Essential role of Drosophila Hdac1 in homeotic gene silencing. [FBrf0137353] Wicker-Thomas and Jallon, 2000, Naturwissenschaften 87(2): 76--79 Role of Enhancer of zeste on the production of Drosophila melanogaster pheromonal hydrocarbons. [FBrf0125446] Roche and Rio, 1998, Genetics 149(4): 1839--1855 Trans-silencing by P elements inserted in subtelomeric heterochromatin involves the Drosophila Polycomb group gene, enhancer of zeste. [FBrf0103354] Saget et al., 1998, Genetics 149(4): 1823--1838 Needs and targets for the multi sex combs gene product in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0103357] Carrington and Jones, 1996, Development 122(12): 4073--4083 The Drosophila Enhancer of zeste gene encodes a chromosomal protein: examination of wild-type and mutant protein distribution. [FBrf0091304] Docquier et al., 1996, Rouxs Arch. Dev. Biol. 205(5-6): 203--214 The multi sex combs gene of Drosophila melanogaster is required for proliferation of the germline. [FBrf0086384] Pelegri and Lehmann, 1994, Genetics 136(4): 1341--1353 A role of Polycomb group genes in the regulation of gap gene expression in Drosophila. [FBrf0074146] Jones and Gelbart, 1993, Mol. Cell. Biol. 13(10): 6357--6366 The Drosophila Polycomb-group gene Enhancer of zeste contains a region with sequence similarity to trithorax. [FBrf0064533] Jones and Gelbart, 1990, Genetics 126: 185--199 Genetic analysis of the enhancer of zeste locus and its role in gene regulation in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0051932]

Allele Dmel\E(z)63

Allele Dmel\E(z)⁶³