Allele Dmel\esc¹

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\esc¹	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0003820
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\esc

Map ( GBrowse )
Allele class	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	spontaneous
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Mutagen	spontaneous (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Gutjahr et al., 1995)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References point mutation 2L:11,828,973..11,828,973 evidence=experimental na_change=A11828973T pr_change=Y64F\|esc-PA reported_pr_change=Y64F comment=One of two missense mutations in esc¹ mutant. Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. (Gutjahr et al., 1995) point mutation 2L:11,828,019..11,828,019 evidence=experimental na_change=T11828019G pr_change=L240R\|esc-PA reported_pr_change=L240R comment=One of two esc missense mutations in esc¹ mutant. Missense at position 40 in the B element of the third WD-40 domain thought more likely to cause phenotype. Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. (Gutjahr et al., 1995)
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Amino acid replacement: L240R. Amino acid replacement: Y64F. Residue 240 is in the B element of the third WD-40 domain. (Gutjahr et al., 1995)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	sterile (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) visible \| cell autonomous \| somatic clone (Tokunaga and Stern, 1965)
Phenotype Manifest In
	leg (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) mesothoracic leg & sex comb tooth \| ectopic (Ragab, 2006) mesothoracic tibial transverse bristle row (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) metathoracic leg & sex comb tooth \| ectopic (Ragab, 2006) metathoracic tibial transverse bristle row (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) sex comb (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) sex comb \| cell autonomous \| somatic clone (Tokunaga and Stern, 1965)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Heterozygotes show a significant increase in double strand break (DSB) repair via homologous recombination and a corresponding decrease in DSB repair by nonhomologous end-joining compared to controls in a somatic DSB repair assay, when w^hd80k17 is used as the recipient allele bearing the target break site. (Holmes et al., 2006) Heterozygous males do not have ectopic sex combs on the second and third legs. (Qi et al., 2006) esc¹ males have ectopic sex combs on the second and third leg. (Ragab, 2006) Sex combs may be present on all six legs of male; at least one extra sex comb present in majority of males. Expression affected by culture conditions. When expressivity high, extra transverse bristle rows appear between sixth and eighth longitudinal rows of bristles, mainly on distal portion of basitarsus and tibia of second and third legs in both sexes; accompanied by shortening of affected leg segments. RK2. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Sex comb development autonomous in mosaics produced by somatic crossing over. (Tokunaga and Stern, 1965) Interactions with Pc and Scr alleles are described. (Hannah-Alava, 1958)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhancer of
Statement Reference esc¹/esc[+] is an enhancer of visible \| dominant phenotype of gcm^Pyx (Popkova et al., 2012)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference esc¹/esc[+] is a non-enhancer of visible phenotype of E2f^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS.cJa}, Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1 (Ji et al., 2012) esc¹ is a non-enhancer of visible phenotype of BEAF-32^Scer\UAS.cYa, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PS (Yamaguchi et al., 2001)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference esc¹/esc[+] is a suppressor \| partially of visible phenotype of E2f^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS.cJa}, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU (Ji et al., 2012) esc¹ is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^lz-gal4, sens^Scer\UAS.cNa (Anderson et al., 2011)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference esc¹/esc[+] is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of E2f^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS.cJa}, Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1 (Ji et al., 2012) esc¹ is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of BEAF-32^Scer\UAS.cYa, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PS (Yamaguchi et al., 2001)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference esc¹ has phenotype, enhanceable by E(Pc)¹ (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference esc¹ has mesothoracic leg & sex comb tooth \| ectopic phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(2R)ED3921 (Ragab, 2006) esc¹ has metathoracic leg & sex comb tooth \| ectopic phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(2R)ED3921 (Ragab, 2006)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference esc¹/esc[+] is an enhancer of chaeta \| supernumerary phenotype of gcm^Pyx (Popkova et al., 2012)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference esc¹/esc[+] is a non-enhancer of 1st posterior cell phenotype of E2f^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS.cJa}, Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1 (Ji et al., 2012) esc¹ is a non-enhancer of eye phenotype of BEAF-32^Scer\UAS.cYa, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PS (Yamaguchi et al., 2001)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference esc¹/esc[+] is a suppressor \| partially of eye phenotype of E2f^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS.cJa}, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU (Ji et al., 2012) esc¹ is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^lz-gal4, sens^Scer\UAS.cNa (Anderson et al., 2011)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference esc¹/esc[+] is a non-suppressor of 1st posterior cell phenotype of E2f^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS.cJa}, Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1 (Ji et al., 2012) esc¹ is a non-suppressor of eye phenotype of BEAF-32^Scer\UAS.cYa, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PS (Yamaguchi et al., 2001)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference The disorganised eye phenotype caused by expression of sens[Scer\UAS.cNa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[lz-gal4] is suppressed by esc[1]. (Anderson et al., 2011) rept⁰⁶⁹⁴⁵ does not show an ectopic sex comb phenotype in either the second or third legs in double heterozygous combination with esc¹. MRG15^j6A3 does not show an ectopic sex comb phenotype in either the second or third legs in double heterozygous combination with esc¹. MRG15^ex1 shows no interaction (in terms of ectopic sex comb phenotype) when in double heterozygous combination with esc¹. (Qi et al., 2006) Df(2R)ED3921 fails to suppress the ectopic sex comb phenotype of esc¹ mutants. (Ragab, 2006) Has little or no effect on the phenotype of E2f^GMR.PD Dp^GMR.PD BacA\p35^GMR.PH flies. (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1999)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Comments
Stocks ( 2 )
Bloomington	813 In(2L)t, esc¹ c¹ sp¹/SM5
Kyoto	106085 In(2L)t, esc¹ c¹ sp¹/SM5
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Slifer, 2th May 1940.

External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 1 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	esc¹ (Holmes et al., 2006, Qi et al., 2006, Ji et al., 2012, Hirose et al., 2001, Anderson et al., 2011, Rathke et al., 2007, Di Stefano et al., 2011)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 18 )
Research paper	Ji et al., 2012, G3 (Bethesda) 2(12): 1651--1660 In Vivo Regulation of E2F1 by Polycomb Group Genes in Drosophila. [FBrf0220353] Popkova et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(12): e1003159 Polycomb controls gliogenesis by regulating the transient expression of the gcm/glide fate determinant. [FBrf0220515] Anderson et al., 2011, Development 138(10): 1957--1966 The enhancer of trithorax and polycomb gene Caf1/p55 is essential for cell survival and patterning in Drosophila development. [FBrf0213580] Di Stefano et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(1): 17--28 Functional antagonism between histone H3K4 demethylases in vivo. [FBrf0212709] Rathke et al., 2007, J. Cell Sci. 120(9): 1689--1700 Transition from a nucleosome-based to a protamine-based chromatin configuration during spermiogenesis in Drosophila. [FBrf0200503] Holmes et al., 2006, Genetics 172(4): 2367--2377 Mutations in the extra sex combs and Enhancer of Polycomb Genes Increase Homologous Recombination in Somatic Cells of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0190730] Qi et al., 2006, Genetics 174(1): 241--251 Drosophila Reptin and other TIP60 complex components promote generation of silent chromatin. [FBrf0193464] Hirose et al., 2001, Mol. Cell. Biol. 21(21): 7231--7242 Ectopic expression of DREF induces DNA synthesis, apoptosis, and unusual morphogenesis in the Drosophila eye imaginal disc: possible interaction with Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins. [FBrf0139759] Yamaguchi et al., 2001, Chromosoma 110(5): 313--321 Ectopic expression of BEAF32A in the Drosophila eye imaginal disc inhibits differentiation of photoreceptor cells and induces apoptosis. [FBrf0139613] Staehling-Hampton et al., 1999, Genetics 153(1): 275--287 A genetic screen for modifiers of E2F in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0111491] Gutjahr et al., 1995, EMBO J. 14(17): 4296--4306 The Polycomb-group gene, extra sex combs, encodes a nuclear member of the WD-40 repeat family. [FBrf0083990] Frei et al., 1985, EMBO J. 4(4): 979--987 Cloning of the extra sex combs gene of Drosophila and its identification by P-element mediated gene transfer. [FBrf0042446] Tokunaga and Stern, 1965, Dev. Biol. 11: 50--81 The developmental autonomy of extra sex combs in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0016898] Hannah-Alava, 1958, Genetics 43(6): 878--905 Developmental genetics of the posterior legs in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0012037] Slifer, 1942, J. exp. Zool. 90: 31--40 A mutant stock of Drosophila with extra sex-combs. [FBrf0005771]
Supplementary material	Ragab, 2006, Genetics 172(2): Supplemental data. [FBrf0191785]
Book	Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0066905] Lindsley and Grell, 1968, Publs Carnegie Instn 627: 469pp Genetic variations of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0020044]

Allele Dmel\esc1

Allele Dmel\esc¹