Allele Dmel\g²

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\g²	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0004958
Feature type	allele	Created / Updated	2006-08-22/2006-08-22
Associated gene	Dmel\g

Allele class	hypomorph
Mutagen	spontaneous
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	hypomorph (Lloyd et al., 2002)
Mutagen	spontaneous (Lindsley and Grell, 1968)
Mapped Features and Mutations
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Alleles separable by conversion; g^53d to the left of g². (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) No alteration in detected by Southern analysis. (Lloyd et al., 1999)
Assay mode
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	eye color defective (Lindsley and Grell, 1968, Lloyd et al., 1999, Nolte, 1959, Lloyd et al., 2002) eye color defective (with Df(1)HA92) (Lloyd et al., 2002) eye color defective \| cell autonomous (Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936) courtship defective \| male (Lloyd et al., 2002)
Phenotype Manifest In
	Malpighian tubule (Beadle, 1937, Lloyd et al., 1999) pigment cell (Lindsley and Grell, 1968, Lloyd et al., 1999, Nolte, 1959, Lloyd et al., 2002, Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936) testis sheath (Lloyd et al., 1999)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Eye color autonomous in transplant into wild-type host. (Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936) Malpighian tubule colour: very pale yellow at the base. (Beadle, 1937) Eyes contain 16% normal red pigment and 32% normal brown pigment. (Nolte, 1959) Eye colour: translucent, yellowish ruby, somewhat lighter than g¹. Dominant in females homozygous for car¹, according to Schultz; i.e., pigmentation of g² car¹/g² car¹ = g² car¹/+ car¹ < car¹/car¹. RK1. (Lindsley and Grell, 1968) Eye colour: red pigments are reduced to 32 +/- 2% of wild-type levels in females. Red pigments are reduced to 37 +/- 2% of wild-type levels, brown pigments are reduced to 15 +/- 1% of wild-type levels in males. Malpighian tubule colour: very pale-clear (wild-type colour is orange). Testis colour: pale yellow (wild-type colour is bright yellow). (Lloyd et al., 1999) g² mutants have only about a third of the amount of red and brown pigment in the eye compared to wild-type flies. Df(1)HA92/g² flies have less red pigment in the eye than homozygous g² mutants. g² mutant male flies show a greater degree of male-male courtship than wild-type flies. (Lloyd et al., 2002)
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference Df(1)HA92/g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by w[+]/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)N-8/+ (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)N-8/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by w^e(g)/Df(1)w-rJ1 (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)w-rJ3/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by w^e(g)/w¹¹¹⁸ (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by w¹/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by w^Bwx/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by w^a/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by w^bf/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by w^ch/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by w^co/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by w^e/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by wⁱ/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by w^sat/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by w^t/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by z¹ (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by z^a (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, enhanceable by w^e(g)/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002)
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference g² has eye color defective phenotype, non-enhanceable by E(z)¹ (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has eye color defective phenotype, non-enhanceable by w^e(g)/Tp(1;3)N^264-58 (Lloyd et al., 2002)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference g² is an enhancer of visible phenotype of p^p (Falcon-Perez et al., 2007) g² is an enhancer of eye color defective phenotype of p^p (Falcon-Perez et al., 2007)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference g² is a non-enhancer of eye color defective phenotype of w^a3 (Lloyd et al., 2002)
Other
Statement Reference bw^unspecified, g² has eye color defective phenotype (Mainx, 1938, Mainx, 1938) g², st^unspecified has eye color defective phenotype (Mainx, 1938, Mainx, 1938)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference Df(1)HA92/g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w[+]/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)N-8/+ (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)N-8/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^e(g)/Df(1)w-rJ1 (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)w-rJ3/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^e(g)/w¹¹¹⁸ (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w¹/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^Bwx/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^a/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^bf/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^ch/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^co/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^e/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by wⁱ/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^sat/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^t/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^e(g)/w^e(g) (Lloyd et al., 2002)
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference g² has pigment cell phenotype, non-enhanceable by E(z)¹ (Lloyd et al., 2002) g² has pigment cell phenotype, non-enhanceable by w^e(g)/Tp(1;3)N^264-58 (Lloyd et al., 2002)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference g² has phenotype, non-suppressible by su(Hw)² (Lindsley and Grell, 1968)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference g² is an enhancer of pigment cell phenotype of p^p (Falcon-Perez et al., 2007)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference g² is a non-enhancer of pigment cell phenotype of w^a3 (Lloyd et al., 2002)
Other
Statement Reference bw^unspecified, g² has pigment cell phenotype (Mainx, 1938, Mainx, 1938) g², st^unspecified has pigment cell phenotype (Mainx, 1938, Mainx, 1938)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference Eye colour: dark yellow to orange, with st¹. Eye colour: reddish yellow, with bw¹. (Mainx, 1938) Partially dominant in car homozygotes; pigmentation of g² car/g² car = g² car/+ car < car/car. (Bridges and Brehme, 1944) w^e(g), g² double mutant flies have at least a 50% reduction of brown (ommochrome) pigments deposited in the eye compared to g² single mutants. There is also a reduction in red (pteridine) pigment to a lesser extent. w^e(g) has a recessive interaction with g² as levels of red pigment in the eye of w^e(g)/+, g² double mutants is not reduced compared to g² single mutants. Df(1)N-8/w^e(g), g² female mutant flies have over 50% less red pigment in the eye (giving flies pale-yellow eyes) than g² single mutants, while Df(1)N-8/+ g² flies have wild-type levels of red pigment in the eye. Df(1)w-rJ1/w^e(g), g² mutant flies have over 50% less red pigment and Df(1)w-rJ3/w^e(g), g² have about 80% less red pigment than the eyes of g² single mutants. These deficiency double mutants show a markedly greater reduction in eye pigment compared to w^e(g), g² mutants. Conversely, Tp(1;3)N^264-58 g²/w^e(g) g² mutant flies have comparable levels of red pigment in the eye to g² single mutants. All of the following w alleles when heterozygous with w^e(g) enhance the eye colour defective phenotype of g² single mutants, leading to a greater reduction of red pigment within the eye: w¹¹¹⁸, w¹, w^a, w^bf, w^Bwx, w^ch, w^co, w^e, wⁱ, w^sat and w^t. Expression of w^+tAR in the anterior portion of the eye of w^e(g)/Y, g² mutant flies results in normal pigmentation of this region. Transfection of w^+mC is capable of increasing the amount of pigment in the eyes of w^e(g), g²/Y mutant flies, depending on the level of its expression. Strong expression of w^+mC is capable of restoring pigment to g²/Y single mutant levels, thus rescuing the w^e(g) effect. Df(1)HA92/g², w^e(g)/+ double mutant flies have lower levels of red pigment in their eyes than Df(1)HA92/g² single mutants. g², Df(1)N-8/+ flies have less red pigment in their eyes than g², w^e(g) double mutants, and g², Df(1)N-8/w^e(g) flies have even less red pigment than g², Df(1)N-8/+ flies. w^a3, g²/Y mutant flies have similar levels of red pigment in the eye to w^a3 single mutants and a slight decrease in red pigment compared to g² single mutants. g², z^a double mutants have a reduced amount of red pigment in the eye comparted to g² single mutants in both male and female flies. Likewise, g², z¹ double mutant flies show decreased red eye pigment than g² mutants, although this reduction is greater in female flies than in male flies. The E(z)¹ mutation does not affect levels of red pigment in the eye of g² mutants. (Lloyd et al., 2002) Eye colour: g[2]; p[p] eyes have significantly reduced levels of red pigment compared to either single mutant. The brown pigment levels are comparable to those seen in p[p] single mutants. (Falcon-Perez et al., 2007)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Comments
Stocks ( 36 )
Bloomington	50 g² pl¹/FM3 192 y² wy² g² 2176 g² if^B2 f^36a/FM7c 2177 g² if^k27e f^36a/FM7c 4355 y¹ N^fa-1 wy² g² 7106 y¹ ctl¹ g² f¹/Binsn 51 g² ty¹/C(1)DX, y¹ f¹ 5294 y¹ sn³ v¹ g² f¹
Kyoto	105674 bi¹ ct⁶ g² 106685 g² if^B2 f^36a/FM7c 106686 g² if^k27e f^36a/FM7c 101247 y¹ sn³ v¹ g² f¹
	More stocks available...
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Bridges, 28th March 1918.

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 1 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	g² (Falcon-Perez et al., 2007, )
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 14 )
Research paper	Falcon-Perez et al., 2007, Traffic 8(2): 154--168 The Drosophila Pigmentation Gene pink (p) Encodes a Homologue of Human Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome 5 (HPS5). [FBrf0192474] Lloyd et al., 2002, Genome 45(2): 296--312 Enhancer of garnet/δAP-3 is a cryptic allele of the white gene and identifies the intracellular transport system for the white protein. [FBrf0147069] Lloyd et al., 1999, Genome 42(6): 1183--1193 A genetic and molecular characterization of the garnet gene of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0125153] Lloyd et al., 1999, Genetics 151(4): 1503--1516 Genomic imprinting and position-effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0107856] Nolte, 1959, Heredity 13: 233--241 The eye-pigmentary system of Drosophila. [FBrf0012680] Mainx, 1938, Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. VererbLehre 75: 256--276 Analyse der Genwirkung durch Faktorenkombination. Versuche mit den Augenfarbenfaktoren von Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0004454] Beadle, 1937, Genetics 22: 587--611 Development of eye colors in Drosophila: fat bodies and Malpighian tubes as sources of diffusible substances. [FBrf0003911] Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936, Genetics 21: 225--247 The differentiation of eye pigments in Drosophila as studied by transplantation. [FBrf0003530]
Book	Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0066905] Lindsley and Grell, 1968, Publs Carnegie Instn 627: 469pp Genetic variations of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0020044] Bridges and Brehme, 1944, Publs Carnegie Instn 552: vii + 257pp The mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0006100] Sturtevant and Beadle, 1940, An introduction to genetics. An introduction to genetics. [FBrf0004865] Morgan et al., 1925, Biblphia Genet. 2: 262pp The genetics of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0001379]
Stock list	The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna, Russia, 1997, D. I. S. 80: 109--130 Stock list. [FBrf0098381]

Allele Dmel\g2

Allele Dmel\g²