Allele Dmel\gro¹

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\gro¹	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0005217
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\gro

Allele class	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	spontaneous
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence (Ziemer et al., 1988, Price et al., 1997)
Mutagen	spontaneous (Preiss et al., 1988, Ziemer et al., 1988)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference The chromosome containing the gro mutation contains two inserts, one of about 4 kb between coordinates -4.8 and -3.8 kb and a much smaller one at approximately +11.5 detected by Preiss et al. The larger of the two is independent of the gro mutation since Df(3R)Pr4, which deletes the region into which the segment is inserted, does not uncover gro; a similar argument for the independence of the insert at 11.5 can be made since gro is rescued by transformation with a segment from 12.7 to 23.1 (Preiss et al.).
Caused by insertion	?{}gro¹ (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Cytology	Polytene chromosomes normal. (Preiss et al., 1988) Polytene chromosomes normal. (Ziemer et al., 1988)
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	viable (Price et al., 1997, Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) visible (with gro^C105) (Haussmann et al., 2008) visible \| recessive (Ziemer et al., 1988, Knust et al., 1987)
Phenotype Manifest In
	adult head & microchaeta (Price et al., 1997) frontal bristle \| supernumerary (with gro^C105) (Haussmann et al., 2008) macrochaeta & abdominal tergite (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) macrochaeta & head (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) macrochaeta & thorax (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) microchaeta & abdominal tergite (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) microchaeta & head (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) microchaeta & thorax (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) ocellus (Price et al., 1997) wing \| anterior compartment (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) wing \| dorsal/ventral compartment boundary (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) wing vein L1 (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) wing vein L2 (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) wing vein L3 (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference gro[1]/gro[C105] adults have an overproliferation of frontal bristles on the head. (Haussmann et al., 2008) gro[1]/gro[E48] adult wings show no overt phenotype. (Bejarano et al., 2007) gro^C105/gro¹ mutants display enlarged and fused ocelli, and an increased number of fronto-orbital microchaetae. (Price et al., 1997) The wing phenotype of gro¹ heterozygous with deletions for gro is of overgrowth and pattern duplications in regions close to the D/V compartment boundary in the anterior compartment. Weak phenotypes include distal bifurcation of vein LIII and thickening of the proximal costa. Extreme phenotypes consist of overgrowth and pattern duplications in proximal or distal regions of the anterior wing margin, including duplication and triplication of LIII and loss of LII. Sensory elements in affected areas are typical of distal regions of the wing. gro¹ when heterozygous with deletions for gro also causes the appearance of clusters of macrochaetae and microchaetae in particular regions of the head, thorax and tergites, though at low frequency. (de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995) gro^BFP2/gro¹ transheterozygotes have wild-type eyes. (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) Low penetrance bushes of bristles over compound eyes of homozygous flies. gro¹, E(spl)^- transheterozygotes are viable and exhibit a large number of bristles on thorax, head and wings. (Knust et al., 1987) Homozygotes have clumps of extra bristles above each eye which give impression of bushy eyebrows; also extra bristles on the humerus. Top of head tends to be malformed; ocelli often enlarged and run together. In selected stocks, penetrance approaches 100%, but is low in unselected stocks. Concluded to be an allele of E(spl) on the basis of the visible phenotype of heterozygotes with lethal presumed point mutations at E(spl); however, it does not cause neural hypertrophy and is wild type in combination with E(spl)¹.
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference gro¹ has visible phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^f1 (Price et al., 1997) gro¹ has visible phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^f13 (Price et al., 1997) gro¹ has visible phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^t1 (Price et al., 1997) gro^C105/gro¹ has visible phenotype, enhanceable by CG12299^EY01579 (Haussmann et al., 2008)
Other
Statement Reference Ac3^EY10141, gro^C105/gro¹ has visible phenotype (Haussmann et al., 2008) BCL7-like^EY00880/BCL7-like^EY10009, gro^C105/gro¹ has visible phenotype (Haussmann et al., 2008) CG1832^KG00473, gro^C105/gro¹ has visible phenotype (Haussmann et al., 2008) CG8924^EY00245, gro^C105/gro¹ has visible phenotype (Haussmann et al., 2008) E(spl)m8-HLH^rv29, gro¹ has lethal phenotype (Ziemer et al., 1988) gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has visible phenotype (Bejarano et al., 2007)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference gro¹ has adult head & microchaeta phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^t1 (Price et al., 1997) gro¹ has eye phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^f1 (Price et al., 1997) gro¹ has eye phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^f13 (Price et al., 1997) gro¹ has interommatidial bristle phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^f1 (Price et al., 1997) gro¹ has interommatidial bristle phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^f13 (Price et al., 1997) gro¹ has ocellus phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^t1 (Price et al., 1997) gro¹ has ommatidium phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^f1 (Price et al., 1997) gro¹ has ommatidium phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^f13 (Price et al., 1997) gro¹ has phenotype, enhanceable by rl¹ (Price et al., 1997) gro¹ has prothoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^f1 (Price et al., 1997) gro¹ has prothoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^f13 (Price et al., 1997) gro¹ has prothoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^t1 (Price et al., 1997) gro¹ has wing phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr^t1 (Price et al., 1997) gro^C105/gro¹ has frontal bristle phenotype, enhanceable by CG12299^EY01579 (Haussmann et al., 2008)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference gro¹, Scer\GAL4^30A is a non-enhancer of wing phenotype of Pka-C1^Scer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4^30A (Kiger et al., 2001) gro¹/gro[+] is a non-enhancer of wing vein \| ectopic phenotype of Snr1^E1 (Marenda et al., 2004)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference gro¹, Scer\GAL4^30A is a non-suppressor of wing phenotype of Pka-C1^Scer\UAS.cKa, Scer\GAL4^30A (Kiger et al., 2001) gro¹/gro[+] is a non-suppressor of wing vein \| ectopic phenotype of Snr1^E1 (Marenda et al., 2004)
Other
Statement Reference Ac3^EY10141, gro^C105/gro¹ has frontal bristle phenotype (Haussmann et al., 2008) BCL7-like^EY00880/BCL7-like^EY10009, gro^C105/gro¹ has frontal bristle phenotype (Haussmann et al., 2008) CG1832^KG00473, gro^C105/gro¹ has frontal bristle phenotype (Haussmann et al., 2008) CG8924^EY00245, gro^C105/gro¹ has frontal bristle phenotype (Haussmann et al., 2008) gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has wing \| anterior compartment phenotype (Bejarano et al., 2007) gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has wing margin bristle phenotype (Bejarano et al., 2007) gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has wing vein L2 phenotype (Bejarano et al., 2007) gro^E48/gro¹, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has wing vein L3 phenotype (Bejarano et al., 2007)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference The overproliferation of frontal bristles on the head that is seen in gro[1]/gro[C105] adults is enhanced if they are also hemizygous for CG12299[EY01579]. gro[1]/gro[C105] ; CG8924[EY00245] double mutants have missing frontal bristles in 57% of cases. gro[1]/gro[C105] ; CG1832[KG00473]/CG1832[KG00473] adults have extra frontal bristles on the head in 65% of cases and have missing frontal bristles in 14% of cases. gro[1]/gro[C105] ; Ac3[EY10141] double mutants have extra frontal bristles on the head in 55% of cases and have missing frontal bristles in 33% of cases. gro[1]/gro[C105] ; BCL7-like[EY10009]/BCL7-like[EY00880] double mutants have extra frontal bristles on the head in 3% of cases and have missing frontal bristles in 96% of cases. (Haussmann et al., 2008) gro[1]/gro[E48] adults heterozygous for sbb[6] show an enlarged anterior wing compartment. Ectopic longitudinal wing vein L2 and L3 tissue develops, and transformation of the anterior wing margin bristles into more posteriorly located sensory organs is observed. (Bejarano et al., 2007) Egfr^t1 enhances the bristle, ocellar, wing and limb phenotypes of homozygotes. Bristle hyperplasia, ocellus enlargement and ocellus fusion are enhanced. Wings are notched, wing margins are hairier, have ectopic vein material and anterior outgrowths. Legs are fused and bifurcated. Egfr^f1; gro¹/gro¹ and Egfr^f13; gro¹/gro¹ flies display an enhanced gro phenotype: ectopic compound eyes, fused or bifurcated legs. These phenotypes are almost exclusively restricted to males. The ectopic eyes are organised into arrays of ommatidia. They are frequently adjacent to the endogenous eye but separated by a discrete border and exhibit defects in ommatidial packing and the distribution of interommatidial bristles. Egfr^t1/Df(2R)Egfr18; gro¹/gro¹ flies display a combination of Egfr and gro phenotypes. The L4 wing vein defect is restored and the ocellar bristles are present but disarrayed. In many cases supernumerary ocellar bristles and/or interocellar bristles are present producing a patch of bristles were the ocelli would normally have been. The ocelli are either reduced or eliminated. Most males display one or more ectopic eye structure dorso-medial to the normal eyes. These structures are small and contain discrete ommatidia but no interommatidial bristles. The lens material of these ectopic eyes is fused into a uniform glaze and they are recessed into the head cuticle. (Price et al., 1997)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Complements	gro^b32.2 (de Celis et al., 1996)
Comments
Stocks ( 2 )
Bloomington	511 gro¹
Kyoto	105951 gro¹
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Grell, 64k.

External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 3 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	E(spl)² gro (Fischer-Vize et al., 1992) gro¹ (Jiang and Crews, 2006, Christensen et al., 2009.2.28, Haussmann et al., 2008, Bejarano et al., 2007)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 14 )
Research paper	Haussmann et al., 2008, Genome Biol. 9(4): R73 Erect wing regulates synaptic growth in Drosophila by integration of multiple signaling pathways. [FBrf0209726] Bejarano et al., 2007, EMBO Rep. 8(8): 778--783 Hedgehog restricts its expression domain in the Drosophila wing. [FBrf0200898] Jiang and Crews, 2006, Mol. Cell. Biol. 26(17): 6547--6556 Dysfusion transcriptional control of Drosophila tracheal migration, adhesion, and fusion. [FBrf0193980] Marenda et al., 2004, Dev. Biol. 267(2): 279--293 The Drosophila Brahma (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex exhibits cell-type specific activation and repression functions. [FBrf0174517] Kiger et al., 2001, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(18): 10190--10195 Hemocytes are essential for wing maturation in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0138518] Price et al., 1997, Genetics 147(3): 1139--1153 Dominant enhancers of Egfr in Drosophila melanogaster: genetic links between the Notch and Egfr signaling pathways. [FBrf0099460] de Celis et al., 1996, Development 122(9): 2719--2728 Functional relationships between N, Su(H) and the bHLH genes of the E(spl) complex: the E(spl) genes mediate only a subset of Notch activities during imaginal development. [FBrf0090023] de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995, Development 121(10): 3467--3476 groucho and hedgehog regulate engrailed expression in the anterior compartment of the Drosophila wing. [FBrf0084542] Fischer-Vize et al., 1992, Development 115: 89--101 A unique mutation in the Enhancer of split gene complex affects the fates of the mystery cells in the developing Drosophila eye. [FBrf0055903] Preiss et al., 1988, EMBO J. 7(12): 3917--3927 The molecular genetics of Enhancer of split, a gene required for embryonic neural development in Drosophila. [FBrf0047951] Ziemer et al., 1988, Genetics 119(1): 63--74 Genetic analysis of Enhancer of split a locus involved in neurogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0048232] Knust et al., 1987, Dev. Biol. 122: 262--273 The Enhancer of split locus and neurogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0046015]
Personal communication to FlyBase	Christensen et al., 2009.2.28, Isolation and characterization of Df(3R)BSC751. Isolation and characterization of Df(3R)BSC751. [FBrf0207405]
Book	Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0066905]

Allele Dmel\gro1

Allele Dmel\gro¹