Allele Dmel\br^2Bc-2

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\br^2Bc-2	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0006657
Feature type	allele	Created / Updated	2006-08-22/2006-08-22
Associated gene	Dmel\br

Allele class	amorph, hypomorph
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorph (Gotwals and Fristrom, 1991, Gonzy-Treboul et al., 1995, Bayer et al., 1997, ) hypomorph (Liu and Restifo, 1998)
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Belyaeva et al., 1982, Kiss et al., 1988, Gotwals and Fristrom, 1991, Bayer et al., 1997)
Mapped Features and Mutations
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference
Assay mode
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal \| recessive (Karim et al., 1993, Bayer et al., 1997, Gotwals and Fristrom, 1991, Restifo and White, 1991, Kiss et al., 1988) lethal \| pupal stage (with br^npr-6) (Tzolovsky et al., 1999) lethal \| pupal stage \| recessive (Fletcher and Thummel, 1995)
Phenotype Manifest In
	indirect flight muscle (Restifo and White, 1992) larval salivary gland & embryo (Restifo and White, 1992) larval proventriculus & embryo (Restifo and White, 1992) Malpighian tubule (Restifo and White, 1992) yellow body (Restifo and White, 1992) larval midgut & prepupa (Lee et al., 2002) larval esophagus & prepupa (Lee et al., 2002) larval proventriculus & prepupa (Lee et al., 2002) optic lobe (Restifo and White, 1991) adult brain (Restifo and White, 1991) male genitalia (Wilson et al., 2006) medulla (Restifo and Wilson, 1998) lobula (Restifo and Wilson, 1998) lobula plate (Restifo and Wilson, 1998)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Puparium formation delayed 12 hr. Puparium formation delayed by 12 hours. Puparia do not have a barrel-like shape. (Belyaeva et al., 1982) 38% penetrance of abnormal SEG-TG separation phenotype, 34% of individuals have an abnormal optic lobe position and 64% with brain fusion failure. A few individuals also showed failure of head eversion and overt holes in the cuticle. (Restifo and White, 1991) There is no significant interaction between zip and br^2Bc-2. (Gotwals and Fristrom, 1991) Failure of salivary gland degeneration. Reduction in dorso-ventral class of indirect flight muscles. Proventriculus abnormality: foregut-midgut junction less proventriculus-like in appearance. Malpighian tubules and yellow body failed to develop, pupae and pharate adults contain multiple convoluted tubules. (Restifo and White, 1992) Lethality acts at the late prepupal or early pupal stage. (Karim et al., 1993) Strong br allele. (Gonzy-Treboul et al., 1995) Mutant males form a puparium that appears normal but has an orange cast. Development arrests shortly after pupation. (Fletcher and Thummel, 1995) Homozygotes arrest development in late prepupae or in early pupae just after head eversion. (Bayer et al., 1997) Hemizygous males show neuropil fusion between the medulla and lobula, and between the lobula and lobula plate. The contour and thickness of the medulla, especially laterally, is irregular. (Restifo and Wilson, 1998) At the onset of pupation, as staged by head eversion, br^2Bc-2 hemizygotes exhibit the following phenotypes: 1. Mutant animals always possess some remnants of the larval proventriculus and gastric caeca, but in some cases they possess larval midgut structures, including a larval esophagus, proventriculus, and gastric caeca. While larval midgut destruction does not occur properly in br^2Bc-2 hemizygotes, the adult epithelium is formed and the midgut appears to be arrested at a stage that is similar to the midgut of wild-type prepupae 2-4 h following puparium formation. 2. DNA fragmentation is detected in all larval midgut cells of br^2Bc-2 hemizygotes at the onset of pupation, as staged by head eversion. 3. Mutant midgut cells contain intact mitochondria and do not exhibit obvious alterations in cytosolic structures from midguts of third instar larvae other than containing large spaces. Between the white prepua stage and head eversion, br^2Bc-2 hemizygous mutant midguts decrease in length by an average of 65% in length compared to 85% in the wild-type. (Lee et al., 2002) br^2Bc-2/Y males raised at 25^oC show malrotated genitalia at full penetrance. Only 1% of br^2Bc-2/Dp(1;Y)y²67g19.1 males raised at 22-23^oC show this phenotype. (Wilson et al., 2006)
Interactions
Phenotypic Class
Other
Statement Reference Eip74EF^neo24, br^2Bc-2 has lethal \| prepupal stage \| recessive phenotype (Fletcher and Thummel, 1995, Fletcher and Thummel, 1995) Eip74EF^DL-1, br^2Bc-2 has lethal \| prepupal stage \| recessive phenotype (Fletcher and Thummel, 1995, Fletcher and Thummel, 1995)
Phenotype Manifest In
Other
Statement Reference Eip74EF^neo24, br^2Bc-2 has imaginal disc phenotype (Fletcher and Thummel, 1995, Fletcher and Thummel, 1995) Eip74EF^neo24, br^2Bc-2 has puparium phenotype (Fletcher and Thummel, 1995, Fletcher and Thummel, 1995)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference Double heterozygotes with Eip74EF^neo24 or Eip74EF^DL-1 show no effect on development. More than 25% of Eip74EF^neo24 carrying a single effective dose of br⁺ formed a misshapen puparium. This phenotype is 100% penetrant in a br^2Bc-2 mutant background. Most double mutants die during the prepupal stage, earlier than either br^2Bc-2 or Eip74EF^neo24 mutants alone. In 16% of double mutants eye development proceeds to the point where pigment can be observed, but other discs do not undergo morphogenesis. In double mutants with Eip74EF^DL-1 the lethal phase shifts earlier to the prepupal stage, and the puparium is extremely curved. (Fletcher and Thummel, 1995)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Complements	br^BC1 (Gonzy et al., 2002)
Fails to complement	br^npr-6 (Tzolovsky et al., 1999)
Rescued by	br^2Bc-2 is rescued by br^{BRcore.NS.Z3.hs} (Bayer et al., 1997)
Partially rescued by	br^2Bc-2 is partially rescued by br^BRcore.Z4.hs (Bayer et al., 1997) br^2Bc-2 is partially rescued by br^Z2.hs (Bayer et al., 1997)
Not rescued by	br^2Bc-2 is not rescued by br^{BRcore.Q1.Z1.hs} (Bayer et al., 1997) br^2Bc-2 is not rescued by br^{BRcore.TNT.Q1.Z1.hs} (Bayer et al., 1997)
Comments	br^2Bc-2 animals are rescued by expression of br^{BRcore.NS.Z3.hs} during larval development. Rescued flies that eclose have wild-type legs and wings and live for several days as fertile adults. br^2Bc-2 animals are partially rescued by expression of br^Z2.hs during larval development. Rescued flies that eclose have malformed wings and legs and die very soon after eclosing. br^2Bc-2 animals are not rescued by expression of br^{BRcore.Q1.Z1.hs} or br^{BRcore.TNT.Q1.Z1.hs} during larval development. br^BRcore.Z4.hs has a small effect on br^2Bc-2 when expressed using 37^oC heat shocks during larval development; some animals develop into late pupal stages, and very rarely, very malformed animals eclose. (Bayer et al., 1997) Expression of the br^{BRcore.NS.Z3.hs} transgene partially rescues the malrotated genitalia phenotype of br^2Bc-2 males; this is inversely related to temperature, with 40% of flies showing the phenotype at 22-23^oC and only 14% showing the phenotype at 25^oC. (Wilson et al., 2006)
Stocks ( 0 )

Notes on Origin
Discoverer

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 7 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	2Bc2 (Gonzy et al., 2002) 2Bc² (Wilson et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2002, Renault et al., 2001, Biyasheva et al., 2001, Tzolovsky et al., 1999, Restifo and Wilson, 1998, Liu and Restifo, 1998, Bayer et al., 1997) br^2Bc-2 l(1)2Bc² l(1)2Bc^t76 (Belyaeva et al., 1980) l(1)t76 (Solov'eva, 1992, Mazina et al., 1991, Mazina et al., 1990, Solovyeva and Belyaeva, 1989, ) t76 (Belyaeva et al., 1982)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 27 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 27 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 26 ) Review ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 1 )
	Wilson et al., 2006, Genetics 172(1): 253--264 Interaction between hormonal signaling pathways in Drosophila melanogaster as revealed by genetic interaction between Methoprene-tolerant and Broad-Complex. [FBrf0190778] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2006 Show reviews ...

Allele Dmel\br2Bc-2

Allele Dmel\br^2Bc-2