Allele Dmel\RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0008055
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\RhoGEF2
Also Known As	DRhoGEF2^l(2)04291, DrhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, l(2)04291

Map ( GBrowse )	Untitled Document
Allele class	loss of function allele
Mutagen	P-element activity
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	loss of function allele (Padash Barmchi et al., 2005)
Mutagen	P-element activity (Barrett et al., 1997, Hacker and Perrimon, 1998)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References transposable element insertion site 2R:12,915,929..12,915,929 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Barrett et al., 1997, Spradling et al., 1999, Hacker and Perrimon, 1998, Halsell et al., 2000, Sotillos and Campuzano, 2000, Vereshchagina et al., 2004, Sun et al., 2011)
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference P{PZ} element insertion in an intron that interrupts the 5' UTR. (Halsell et al., 2000) P{PZ} insertion in the second intron. (Hacker and Perrimon, 1998) Insertion of a P{PZ} element within a 1.3kb intron at the 5' end of the gene. (Barrett et al., 1997)
Caused by insertion	P{PZ}RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Barrett et al., 1997, Spradling et al., 1999, Hacker and Perrimon, 1998, Halsell et al., 2000, Sotillos and Campuzano, 2000, Vereshchagina et al., 2004, Sun et al., 2011)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal (with Df(2R)ED1) (Ryder et al., 2004) lethal \| embryonic stage \| maternal effect \| recessive (Hacker and Perrimon, 1998) lethal \| embryonic stage \| partially \| rescuable maternal effect (Perrimon et al., 1996) lethal \| larval stage \| recessive (Perrimon et al., 1996) lethal \| recessive (Barrett et al., 1997, Halsell et al., 2000, Spradling et al., 1999) mitotic cell cycle defective \| embryonic stage \| maternal effect (Padash Barmchi et al., 2005)
Phenotype Manifest In
	actin cytoskeleton \| blastoderm stage \| germline clone (Padash Barmchi et al., 2005) anterior midgut primordium \| germline clone \| maternal effect (Hacker and Perrimon, 1998) blastoderm embryo \| germline clone (Padash Barmchi et al., 2005) cortical actin cytoskeleton & syncytial blastoderm embryo \| maternal effect (Webb et al., 2009) embryonic/first instar larval cuticle \| germline clone \| maternal effect \| ventral (Hacker and Perrimon, 1998) embryonic/first instar larval cuticle \| germline clone \| ventral (Padash Barmchi et al., 2005) embryonic ventral epidermis \| rescuable maternal effect (Perrimon et al., 1996) extended germ band embryo \| germline clone \| maternal effect (Hacker and Perrimon, 1998) furrow canal \| germline clone (Padash Barmchi et al., 2005, Wenzl et al., 2010) nucleus \| blastoderm stage \| germline clone (Padash Barmchi et al., 2005) pole cell & cytoskeleton \| germ-line clone (Padash Barmchi et al., 2005) pole cell \| germline clone (Padash Barmchi et al., 2005) posterior midgut primordium \| germline clone \| maternal effect (Hacker and Perrimon, 1998) posterior spiracle primordium (Simoes et al., 2006) ventral midline (Fox and Peifer, 2007)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Multinucleate cells are present in 100% of RhoGEF2[04291] embryos during cellularisation, and disruptions in the furrow array are observed in these animals. (Wenzl et al., 2010) Embryos in the offspring of homozygous RhoGEF2[04291] mothers display areas of decreased actin as well as areas of excessive actin associated with rings. Actin does not remain in apical caps during metaphase in these embryos. Actin pseudocleavage furrows often appear thickened in cross-sections in mutant embryos, but they do not show extension defects. (Webb et al., 2009) The two lateral rows of midline cells fail to form in mutant embryos, due to a failure of mesoderm internalisation. (Fox and Peifer, 2007) Embryos that are both maternally and zygotically mutant for RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ show spiracle defects; 34% show a failure of spiracle invagination, 26% have lumen defects and 3.5% show both defects. (Simoes et al., 2006) Embryos derived from RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ germline clones contain a variable proportion of multinucleate cells. (Grosshans et al., 2005) The following phenotypes are observed in embryos derived from RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ germ-line clones (paternal rescue was not observed): 1) The depth of metaphase furrows at cycle 13 is more variable than wild type; some furrows break down or fail to invaginate which can cause adjacent mitotic spindles to collide and leads to the elimination of nuclei from the cortex. 2) During the slow phase of cellularization, actin rings appear rounded instead of hexagonal and are irregular in size, nuclei are wider than in wild type, and multinucleated actin rings are frequently observed. 3) When the cellularization front reaches the base of the nuclei, actin rings stay in proximity to each other rather than constricting. 4) During the subsequent fast phase of cellularization, actin rings are irregular in size and many multinucleated rings remain very large. During cellularization, embryos derived from RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ germ-line clones do not exhibit a decrease in the rate of membrane invagination but do show irregular radial movement of nuclei, with some nuclei remaining apical. Embryos derived from RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ germ-line clones show a hole in their ventral cuticle. The following defects are observed during pole cell formation in embryos derived from RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ germ-line clones: pole cells form but show an uneven distribution of actin; after nuclear division cycle 10, the pole cells fail to form independent cortical actin structures to separate them from the somatic nuclear layer; during cellularization, nuclei are eliminated from the cortex and accumulate in the yolk at the posterior pole, while the pole cells remain embedded in the somatic nuclear layer rather than sitting on top of the syncytium; finally, the invaginating cellularization front obliterates the majority of the pole cells in the RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ mutants. (Padash Barmchi et al., 2005) Homozygotes die during late embryogenesis or early larval stages with no obvious phenotype. Embryos derived from germline mosaics develop with ventral open cuticles. Deep transverse folds form during germ band elongation. The posterior and anterior midguts fail to invaginate. Apical constriction of cells along the ventral midline at the beginning of gastrulation is severely disrupted. Cell shape changes appear to occur at random and no invagination is formed, phenotype suggests loss of an instructive signal. (Hacker and Perrimon, 1998) Germline clones produce eggs with patterning defects: ventral hypoderm is absent. (Perrimon et al., 1996)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Suppressed by
Statement Reference RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, zip^Ebr has visible \| dominant phenotype, suppressible by Mbs³ (Mizuno et al., 2002)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, btl^{Scer\UAS.T:λ\cI-DD}, stumps^{Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG} (Zhu et al., 2005)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+] is a suppressor \| partially of cell polarity defective \| recessive \| somatic clone phenotype of flw^FP41 (Sun et al., 2011) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+] is a suppressor of visible phenotype of LIMK1^Scer\UAS.cCa, Scer\GAL4^en-e16E (Chen et al., 2004) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ is a suppressor of lethal \| male phenotype of flw⁶ (Vereshchagina et al., 2004) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Rho1^GMR.PH (Barrett et al., 1997)
Other
Statement Reference E(br)121^Ebr121, RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+] has visible \| dominant phenotype (Ward et al., 2003) E(br)121^Ebr121/E(br)121[+], RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ has visible phenotype (Ward et al., 2003) E(br)444[+]/E(br)444^Ebr444, RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ has visible phenotype (Ward et al., 2003) E(br)444^Ebr444, RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+] has visible \| dominant phenotype (Ward et al., 2003) Rho1^E3.10, RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+] has visible phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) Rho1^E3.10/Rho1[+], RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ has visible \| dominant phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) Rho1^J3.8, RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+] has visible phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) Rho1^J3.8/Rho1[+], RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ has visible \| dominant phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, Sb[+]/Sb⁷⁰ has visible phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, Sb^63b/Sb[+] has visible phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, Sb^sbd-1/Sb^sbd-201 has visible phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, zip[+]/zip^Ebr has visible \| dominant phenotype (Halsell et al., 2000, Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, zip^Ebr has visible \| dominant phenotype (Halsell et al., 2000, Mizuno et al., 2002) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+], Sb^63b has visible \| dominant phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+], Sb⁷⁰ has visible \| dominant phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+], Sb^sbd-1/Sb^sbd-201 has visible phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+], zip^Ebr has visible \| dominant phenotype (Mizuno et al., 2002) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+], zip^Ebr has visible phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ has actin cytoskeleton \| germline clone \| blastoderm stage phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3R)tll-e (Padash Barmchi et al., 2005)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, zip^Ebr has wing phenotype, suppressible by Mbs³ (Mizuno et al., 2002)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF is an enhancer of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, btl^{Scer\UAS.T:λ\cI-DD}, stumps^{Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG} (Zhu et al., 2005)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+] is a suppressor \| partially of oocyte \| somatic clone phenotype of flw^FP41 (Sun et al., 2011) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+] is a suppressor of wing phenotype of LIMK1^Scer\UAS.cCa, Scer\GAL4^en-e16E (Chen et al., 2004) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Rho1^GMR.PH (Barrett et al., 1997)
Other
Statement Reference E(br)121^Ebr121, RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+] has leg phenotype (Ward et al., 2003) E(br)121^Ebr121, RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ has leg phenotype (Ward et al., 2003) E(br)444^Ebr444, RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+] has leg phenotype (Ward et al., 2003) E(br)444^Ebr444, RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ has leg phenotype (Ward et al., 2003) Rho1^E3.10, RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ has leg phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) Rho1^E3.10/Rho1[+], RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ has leg phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) Rho1^J3.8, RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ has leg phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) Rho1^J3.8/Rho1[+], RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ has leg phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, Sb^63b has leg phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, Sb⁷⁰ has leg phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, Sb^sbd-1/Sb^sbd-201 has leg phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, zip[+]/zip^Ebr has leg phenotype (Halsell et al., 2000, Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, zip^Ebr has leg phenotype (Halsell et al., 2000, Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, zip^Ebr has wing phenotype (Mizuno et al., 2002) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+], dia² has amnioserosa \| maternal effect phenotype (Homem and Peifer, 2008) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+], Sb^63b has leg phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+], Sb⁷⁰ has leg phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+], Sb^sbd-1/Sb^sbd-201 has leg phenotype (Bayer et al., 2003) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/RhoGEF2[+], zip^Ebr has wing phenotype (Mizuno et al., 2002)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference One copy of RhoGEF2[04291] partially suppresses the oocyte polarity defects seen when the posterior follicle cells are mutant for flw[FP41]. (Sun et al., 2011) The progeny of dia[2] RhoGEF2[04291] double heterozygous females have abnormal protrusions extending from amnioserosa cells over the adjacent epidermis during dorsal closure. (Homem and Peifer, 2008) Embryos that are both maternally and zygotically mutant for RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ and are also heterozygous or homozygous for Gef64C¹ show a mild increase in the frequency of spiracle defects compared to embryos that are both maternally and zygotically mutant for RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ in a Gef64C⁺ background. (Simoes et al., 2006) Embryos derived from RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ germ-line clones that are also zygotically homozygous for Df(3R)tll-e resemble RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ single mutants (derived form germ-line clones) during syncytial divisions. However, RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹, Df(3R)tll-e double mutants show a progressive deterioration in their actin networks during cellularization: they have breaks in actin rings more frequently than the single mutants; toward the end of the slow phase of cellularization, their actin network is severely fragmented with only isolated actin rings being found (although these isolated rings did not constrict prematurely, as is observed in Df(3R)tll-e embryos); and at later stages of cellularization, the actin network network is completely disrupted. (Padash Barmchi et al., 2005) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/+ suppresses the mutant wing phenotype caused by expression of LIMK1^Scer\UAS.cCa under the control of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E (the % of wings with normal morphology at 18^oC is increased from 9% to 87%). (Chen et al., 2004) RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ shows a weak interaction (5-24% of double heterozygotes have at least one malformed leg) with the following mutations: Sb^63b and Sb⁷⁰. br¹ fails to show a significant genetic interaction (assayed in terms of a malformed leg phenotype) with RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹. Sb^sbd-201/Sb^sbd-1 shows a weak interaction (5-24% of double mutants have at least one malformed leg) with the following mutations: RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/+. (Bayer et al., 2003) The fraction of flies showing a malformed leg phenotype in at least one leg, for RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ in double heterozygous combination with one of the following alleles is - Sb^Ebr20: 1%, Sb^Ebr48: 2%, Sb^Ebr228: 4%, Sb^Ebr448: 4%, Sb^Ebr536: 2%, Sb^Ebr623: 0%, Rho1^Ebr233: 4%, Rho1^Ebr246: 17%, bs^Ebr292: 0%, E(br)24^Ebr24: 2%, E(br)65^Ebr65: 4%, E(br)155^Ebr155: 6%, E(br)165^Ebr165: 7%, E(br)333^Ebr333: 9%, E(br)72^Ebr72: 1%, E(br)121^Ebr121: 49%, E(br)160^Ebr160: 2%, E(br)187^Ebr187: 2%, E(br)420^Ebr420: 3% and E(br)444^Ebr444: 36%. (Ward et al., 2003) 38% of RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/zip^Ebr double heterozygotes have a malformed leg phenotype. (Halsell et al., 2000) Suppresses the rough eye phenotype caused by Rho1^GMR.PH. (Barrett et al., 1997)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Fails to complement	RhoGEF2^1.1 (Barrett et al., 1997) RhoGEF2^4.1 (Barrett et al., 1997) RhoGEF2^11-3 (Bayer et al., 2003)
Rescued by	RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ is rescued by RhoGEF2^RE.Scer\UAS/Scer\GAL4^{mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16} (Padash Barmchi et al., 2005)
Comments	The ventral open cuticle defect seen in embryos derived from RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ germ-line clones is rescued when RhoGEF2^RE.Scer\UAS is expressed ubiquitously using Scer\GAL4^{mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16}. (Padash Barmchi et al., 2005)
Stocks ( 1 )
Bloomington	11369 cn¹ P{PZ}RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹/CyO; ry⁵⁰⁶
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	A. Spradling.

Comments
	Precise excision of the P{PZ} element reverts the lethal phenotype and the genetic interaction with zip^Ebr. (Halsell et al., 2000) Excision of the P{PZ} insertion reverts the maternal effect demonstrating the insertion is responsible for the mutant phenotype. (Hacker and Perrimon, 1998) Excision of the P{PZ} element demonstrates that the lethality and suppression of the Rho1^GMR.PH phenotype of RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ is caused by the P{PZ} element insertion. (Barrett et al., 1997) Complements: GstS1⁰⁴²²⁷. Complements: Sply⁰⁵⁰⁹¹. Complements: l(2)06253⁰⁶²⁵³. Complements: l(2)06655⁰⁶⁶⁵⁵. Complements: l(2)k11502^k11502. Complements: l(2)k15914^k15914. (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 10 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	DrhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ (Chen et al., 2004) DRhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ (Bayer et al., 2003) DRhoGEF2^l(2)04291 (Zhu et al., 2005, Hacker and Perrimon, 1998, Padash Barmchi et al., 2005, Simoes et al., 2006) DRhoGEF21⁰⁴²⁹¹ (Mizuno et al., 2002) Gef2^l(2)04291 (Massarwa et al., 2009) l(2)04291 (Spradling et al., 1999, Barrett et al., 1997) l(2)04291⁰⁴²⁹¹ RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹ (Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Christensen and Cook, 2007.10.29, Fox and Peifer, 2007, Homem and Peifer, 2008, Webb et al., 2009, Wenzl et al., 2010) RhoGEF2^l(2)04291 (Wenzl et al., 2010) RhoGEF204291 (Sun et al., 2011)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 28 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 28 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 22 ) Personal communication to FlyBase ( 6 )
Recent research papers ( 1 )
	Sun et al., 2011, Development 138(10): 1991--2001 Regulation of somatic myosin activity by Protein Phosphatase 1{beta} controls Drosophila oocyte polarization. [FBrf0213586] Show all research papers ...

Allele Dmel\RhoGEF204291

Allele Dmel\RhoGEF2⁰⁴²⁹¹