Allele Dmel\sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0009490
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\sfl
Also Known As	sfl^l(3)03844, l(3)03844⁰³⁸⁴⁴

Map ( GBrowse )	Untitled Document
Allele class
Mutagen	P-element activity
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class
Mutagen	P-element activity (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Hong and Hashimoto, 1995, Lin et al., 1999, Lin and Perrimon, 1999, Baeg et al., 2001)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References transposable element insertion site 3L:6,489,423..6,489,423 (Hong and Hashimoto, 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Baeg et al., 2001, Lin et al., 1999, Lin and Perrimon, 1999, Ren et al., 2009)
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference The P{PZ} insertion is inserted at base 576 of the sfl cDNA, 686 bp upstream of a putative ATG start codon. (Lin and Perrimon, 1999) P{PZ}sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴ insertion is associated with a deletion. (Hong and Hashimoto, 1995)
Caused by insertion	P{PZ}sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴ (Hong and Hashimoto, 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Baeg et al., 2001, Lin et al., 1999, Lin and Perrimon, 1999, Ren et al., 2009)
Caused by aberration	Df(3L)03844 (Hong and Hashimoto, 1995)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal \| embryonic stage \| fully \| rescuable maternal effect (Perrimon et al., 1996) lethal \| pupal stage (with sfl^9B4) (Ren et al., 2009) lethal \| recessive (Perrimon et al., 1996) locomotor behavior defective (with sfl^9B4) (Ren et al., 2009) neurophysiology defective (with sfl^9B4) (Ren et al., 2009) visible \| recessive \| somatic clone (Baeg et al., 2001)
Phenotype Manifest In
	cuticle (Perrimon et al., 1996) denticle belt (Perrimon et al., 1996) embryonic/first instar larval cuticle (Zhu et al., 2005) embryonic/larval dorsal trunk (Lin et al., 1999) embryonic/larval ganglionic branch (Lin et al., 1999) embryonic/larval lateral trunk (Lin et al., 1999) embryonic/larval tracheal system (Lin et al., 1999) embryonic/larval tracheal system \| germline clone (Lin et al., 1999) mesoderm \| germline clone (Lin et al., 1999) sensory mother cell (Lin and Perrimon, 1999) synapse (with sfl^9B4) (Ren et al., 2009) wing margin \| somatic clone (Baeg et al., 2001)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference In response to nerve stimulation, sfl[9B4]/sfl[03844] mutants exhibit a significantly increased EJP compared with wild-type or heterozygous control larvae (20-25% increase). Spontaneous release events (mEJPs) are substantially reduced compared with heterozygous or wild-type controls, suggesting that loss of Heparan Sulfate biosynthesis affects the spontaneous vesicle release probability in the motoneuron. Post-synaptic mEJP amplitudes are modestly increased in sfl[9B4]/sfl[03844] mutants relative to heterozygous or wild-type controls. sfl[9B4]/sfl[03844] mutant synapses are reduced in size but do not exhibit a reduction in the number of boutons relative to muscle area. sfl[9B4]/sfl[03844] motoneurons are bigger than normal, with a reduced number of 'buds'. sfl[9B4]/sfl[03844] synapses consist primarily of large boutons without any buds. sfl[9B4]/sfl[03844] mutant synapses exhibit a gross reduction in the number of mitochondria beneath the postsynaptic membrane. The numbers of mitochondria in other parts of the muscle cell, such as between the contractile fibers, are unaffected and mitochondrial numbers in motoneurons are unchanged. sfl[9B4]/sfl[03844] mutant synapses appear to be normal in many respects, with well aligned presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes. There are no changes in the number or morphology of motoneuron active zones. sfl[9B4]/sfl[03844] mutant muscle exhibits gaps in the membranous structures around approximately 40% of boutons. Wild-type and sfl[9B4]/sfl[03844] boutons have similar numbers and distributions of synaptic vesicles, but sfl[9B4]/sfl[03844] mutants have reduced numbers of larger 70nm vesicles, or cisternae. sfl[9B4]/sfl[03844] mutants exhibit an increase in activity-dependent endocytosis at the neuromuscular junction. (Ren et al., 2009) When homozygous clones are induced in females using a technique that ensures that all eggs produced by these females are derived from homozygous germline clones and 76% of the follicles also carry homozygous somatic clones, then none of the cuticles of the resulting embryos have a dorsalised phenotype. (Zhu et al., 2007) sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴ embryos that lack both maternal and zygotic sfl exhibit a segment polarity phenotype. Salivary glands are present in these mutants. Females carrying sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴ ventral follicle cell clones do not produce dorsalized embryos. (Zhu et al., 2005) Clones of mutant cells are associated with wing margin nicks. However, some mutant margin cells that are located near wild-type margin cells have a wild-type morphology, indicating local cell non-autonomy of sfl. (Baeg et al., 2001) Migration of the mesoderm fails to occur properly in homozygous embryos derived from homozygous female germline clones (lacking both maternal and zygotic sfl function). The early steps in tracheal branching are significantly disturbed in stage 13 homozygous embryos (lacking zygotic sfl function). By late stage 15, tracheal branch formation is incomplete, as shown by the presence of large gaps in the dorsal and lateral trunks and stalled ganglionic branches. The penetrance of this phenotype is incomplete and the expressivity is variable; 16% of embryos show some degree of tracheal abnormality, ranging from one to all segments having breaks in the dorsal trunk. Virtually no tracheal branches are seen in homozygous embryos derived from homozygous female germline clones (lacking both maternal and zygotic sfl function). (Lin et al., 1999) neur expressing sensory organ mother cells are missing in sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴/sfl^9B4 wing discs. (Lin and Perrimon, 1999) Germline clones produce eggs with patterning defects: unrescued embryos exhibit mirror image duplication of denticle belts, rescued embryos are wild type. Lethality occurs during the larval and pupal stages. (Perrimon et al., 1996)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Phenotype Manifest In
Suppressed by
Statement Reference sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴ has embryonic/larval tracheal system phenotype, suppressible \| partially by bnl^Scer\UAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4^69B (Lin et al., 1999) sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴ has mesoderm phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/htl^{Scer\UAS.T:λ\cI-DD} (Lin et al., 1999)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴ is a suppressor \| partially of embryonic/larval tracheal system phenotype of Scer\GAL4^69B, bnl^Scer\UAS.cSa (Lin et al., 1999)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference The mesoderm migration defects of sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴ embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic sfl function are partially rescued by htl^{Scer\UAS.T:λ\cI-DD} expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^twi.PG. Some tracheal branching is recovered if bnl^Scer\UAS.cSa is expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^69B in sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴ embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic sfl function. The tracheal branching defects produced by expression of bnl^Scer\UAS.cSa under the control of Scer\GAL4^69B are weakly blocked if the embryos are homozygous for sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴. (Lin et al., 1999)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Comments
Stocks ( 1 )
Bloomington	5575 Df(3L)03844, P{PZ}sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴ mdm⁰³⁸⁴⁴ ry⁵⁰⁶/TM3, ry^RK Sb¹ Ser¹
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	A. Spradling.

Comments
	Complements: sgl⁰⁸³¹⁰. Complements: cpo⁰⁸⁴³⁵. (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) This allele was listed in the BDGP database as a lethal or sterile line during the period 1994-1999, but was discarded from the gene disruption project prior to the summary publication (FBrf0111489). Reasons for excluding lines from the collection described in FBrf0111489 include presence of more than one P insertion on the mutant chromosome, separation of lethality (or sterility) from the location of the insertion, and loss of lethality (or sterility) from the stock. Further information is available from http://www.fruitfly.org/bfd/ and from Dr. Spradling (spradling@mail1.ciwemb.edu).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 3 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	l(3)03844⁰³⁸⁴⁴ (Perrimon et al., 1996, Hong and Hashimoto, 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, ) sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴ (Zhu et al., 2007, Ren et al., 2009) sfl^l(3)03844 (Baeg et al., 2004, Baeg et al., 2001, Toyoda et al., 2000, Lin and Perrimon, 1999, Lin et al., 1999)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 13 )
Research paper	Ren et al., 2009, J. Neurosci. 29(26): 8539--8550 Cell type-specific requirements for heparan sulfate biosynthesis at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction: effects on synapse function, membrane trafficking, and mitochondrial localization. [FBrf0208233] Zhu et al., 2007, Development 134(8): 1465--1469 Synthesis of the sulfate donor PAPS in either the Drosophila germline or somatic follicle cells can support embryonic dorsal-ventral axis formation. [FBrf0201426] Zhu et al., 2005, Development 132(17): 3813--3822 Drosophila Pipe protein activity in the ovary and the embryonic salivary gland does not require heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. [FBrf0187494] Baeg et al., 2004, Dev. Biol. 276(1): 89--100 The Wingless morphogen gradient is established by the cooperative action of Frizzled and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan receptors. [FBrf0182539] Baeg et al., 2001, Development 128(1): 87--94 Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are critical for the organization of the extracellular distribution of Wingless. [FBrf0131247] Toyoda et al., 2000, J. Biol. Chem. 275(29): 21856--21861 Structural analysis of glycosaminoglycans in animals bearing mutations in sugarless, sulfateless, and tout-velu. Drosophila homologues of vertebrate genes encoding glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic enzymes. [FBrf0128668] Lin and Perrimon, 1999, Nature 400(6741): 281--284 Dally cooperates with Drosophila Frizzled 2 to transduce Wingless signalling. [FBrf0110205] Lin et al., 1999, Development 126(17): 3715--3723 Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are essential for FGF receptor signaling during Drosophila embryonic development. [FBrf0110202] Perrimon et al., 1996, Genetics 144(4): 1681--1692 Zygotic lethal mutations with maternal effect phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0091142] Hong and Hashimoto, 1995, Cell 82(5): 785--794 An unusual mosaic protein with a protease domain, encoded by the nudel gene, is involved in defining embryonic dorsoventral polarity in Drosophila. [FBrf0083198]
Supplementary material	Fox and Zinn, 2005, Curr. Biol. 15(19): Supplemental data. [FBrf0191745]
Personal communication to FlyBase	Meister and Braun, 1995.10, lacZ expression patterns for P{} insertions at Bloomington. lacZ expression patterns for P{} insertions at Bloomington. [FBrf0083714] BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project. (Computer file) BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project. (Computer file) [FBrf0067338]

Allele Dmel\sfl03844

Allele Dmel\sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴