Allele Dmel\mei-W68¹

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\mei-W68¹	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0012191
Feature type	allele	Created / Updated	2006-05-15/2006-05-15
Associated gene	Dmel\mei-W68

Allele class
Mutagen	spontaneous
Nature of the Allele
Allele class
Mutagen	spontaneous (McKim and Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998, Carpenter, 2003)
Mapped Features and Mutations
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Insertion of approximately 5kb into the second exon. (McKim and Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998)
Assay mode
Caused by insertion	?{}mei-W68¹ (Staeva-Vieira et al., 2003, McKim and Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	meiotic cell cycle defective (McKim et al., 1998)
Phenotype Manifest In
	late recombination nodule (Carpenter, 2003) early recombination nodule (Carpenter, 2003)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Females homozygous for mei-W68 show a complete absence of meiotic recombination (Baker, unpublished data). A less severe allele (mei-W68^L1-Lindsley) reduces exchange to approximately 60% of control levels and also alters the distribution of residual exchanges. Analysis of mitotic chromosome behavior (Baker et al., 1978) suggests that the mei-W68⁺ gene product is also required in mitotic cells. Metaphase arrest prevented. (McKim et al., 1993) Ultrastructural studies of pachytene reveal synaptonemal complex that is normal in structure and length and which undergoes the same changes in length as is observed in wild type as the cells progress through pachytene; chromocentral organization and chromatin condensation are also normal. However, no late recombination nodules were observed in the nine nuclei reconstructed which were between the developmental landmarks which demark their presence in wild type. (Carpenter, 1997.5.12) Severe mutation. (McKim et al., 1998) Crossing over is reduced in mei-W68^L1/mei-W68¹ females. Homozygotes lack meiotic crossing over. Premeiotic exchanges occur in homozygous females. mei-W68¹ is recessive to wild type when nondisjunction frequencies are examined but has dominant effects on crossing over. Homozygous and mei-W68^L1/mei-W68¹ females show normal dynamics of germ-line mitotic divisions. The dynamics of entry into meiosis or exit of the losing pro-oocyte is also normal. The synaptonemal complex appears to be of normal morphology in homozygous females and appears to be between homologs. There are no late recombination nodules and early recombination nodules also appear to be missing. A novel structure ("noodle"), that resembles recombination nodules (RNs) in being adjacent to the central region of the synaptonemal complex, is seen. Noodles are smaller than RNs and are also less dense. The number of noodles increases at least up to the time cytoplasmic flow begins and they persist post-cytoplasmic flow. (Carpenter, 2003) The majority of mei-W68[1]/mei-W68[k05603] eggs (94%) show a wild-type number of dorsal appendages. (Klattenhoff et al., 2007)
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Suppressor of
Statement Reference mei-W68¹ is a suppressor \| partially of female sterile phenotype of spn-B^BU (Liu et al., 2002) mei-W68¹ is a suppressor of female sterile \| recessive phenotype of spn-B^BU (Liu et al., 2000)
Phenotype Manifest In
Suppressor of
Statement Reference mei-W68¹ is a suppressor of chorion \| dorsal phenotype of spn-A^093A/Df(3R)X3F (Staeva-Vieira et al., 2003) mei-W68¹ is a suppressor of dorsal appendage phenotype of spn-A^093A/Df(3R)X3F (Staeva-Vieira et al., 2003) mei-W68[+]/mei-W68¹ is a suppressor \| partially of nurse cell phenotype of mio²/mio¹ (Iida and Lilly, 2004) mei-W68[+]/mei-W68¹ is a suppressor \| partially of oocyte phenotype of mio²/mio¹ (Iida and Lilly, 2004) mei-W68¹ is a suppressor \| partially of egg chamber phenotype of mio² (Iida and Lilly, 2004) mei-W68[+]/mei-W68¹ is a suppressor \| partially of nurse cell phenotype of mio² (Iida and Lilly, 2004) mei-W68[+]/mei-W68¹ is a suppressor \| partially of oocyte phenotype of mio² (Iida and Lilly, 2004) mei-W68¹/mei-W68¹ is a suppressor \| partially of nurse cell phenotype of mio² (Iida and Lilly, 2004, Iida and Lilly, 2004) mei-W68¹/mei-W68¹ is a suppressor \| partially of oocyte phenotype of mio² (Iida and Lilly, 2004, Iida and Lilly, 2004)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference mei-W68¹ is a non-suppressor of karyosome phenotype of Src64B^Δ17 (Djagaeva et al., 2005) mei-W68¹/mei-W68^k05603 is a non-suppressor of dorsal appendage phenotype of armi^72.1/armi¹ (Klattenhoff et al., 2007)
Other
Statement Reference Df(2R)LL5, mei-41^D3, mei-W68¹ has oocyte nucleus & meiotic cell cycle phenotype (McKim et al., 2000, McKim et al., 2000)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference In mei-41^D3; mei-W68¹/Df(2R)LL5 oocyte nuclei most nuclei are either exhibit disorganised spindles and multiple chromatin masses or premature anaphases. (McKim et al., 2000) Has no effect on the frequency of X-Y chromosome nondisjunction seen in Df(1)X-1-53B males. (McKee et al., 2000) Transformation of oocytes to nurse cells in mio² homozygous females is partially suppressed by mei-W68¹/+ or mei-W68¹/mei-W68¹. The block in oogenesis at around stage 5 seen in mio² homozygous females is also partially suppressed by mei-W68¹, producing egg chambers that often undergo vitellogenesis and develop to the late stages of oogenesis. Transformation of oocytes to nurse cells in mio²/mio¹ females is suppressed by mei-W68¹/+. (Iida and Lilly, 2004) In mei-41[D3]; mei-W68[1]/Df(2R)LL5 oocytes most nuclei exhibit either disorganised spindles and multiple chromatin masses or premature anaphases. (McKim et al., 2000) The fused dorsal appendage phenotype of armi[72.1]/armi[1] eggs is not suppressed in mei-W68[1]/mei-W68[k05603]; armi[72.1]/armi[1] eggs. (Klattenhoff et al., 2007)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Fails to complement	mei-W68^W3 (Shulman et al., 2000)
Comments
Stocks ( 2 )
Bloomington	4932 y¹/Dp(1;Y)y⁺; mei-W68¹/CyO
Kyoto	107952 y¹/Dp(1;Y)y⁺; mei-W68¹/CyO
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

Comments
	No gene conversion or intragenic crossovers are observed in an assay of intragenic recombination at ry. The frequency of crossing-over on the entire X and second chromosome is much reduced: isolated recombination events suggest that the recombination taken place is in fact a mitotic and not a meiotic event. Examination of oocytes to study meiotic recombination events in sister chromatids reveals there are no cross over events. Double stranded breaks are not left unrepaired. Synaptonemal complex formation is not disrupted, meiotic progression is normal. (McKim et al., 1998) Complements: par-1^k06323. (Shulman et al., 2000)
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 3 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	mei-W68¹ (McCaffrey et al., 2006, Klattenhoff et al., 2007) mei-W68^Baker unnamed (McKim et al., 1998)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBal0086409
References ( 18 )
Research paper	Klattenhoff et al., 2007, Dev. Cell 12(1): 45--55 Drosophila rasiRNA pathway mutations disrupt embryonic axis specification through activation of an ATR/Chk2 DNA damage response. [FBrf0192439] McCaffrey et al., 2006, Genetics 174(3): 1273--1285 Drosophila mus301/spindle-C encodes a helicase with an essential role in double-strand DNA break repair and meiotic progression. [FBrf0192058] Djagaeva et al., 2005, Dev. Biol. 284(1): 143--156 Src64 is involved in fusome development and karyosome formation during Drosophila oogenesis. [FBrf0187382] Iida and Lilly, 2004, Development 131(5): 1029--1039 missing oocyte encodes a highly conserved nuclear protein required for the maintenance of the meiotic cycle and oocyte identity in Drosophila. [FBrf0174551] Webber et al., 2004, J. Cell Biol. 164(6): 819--829 The cohesion protein ORD is required for homologue bias during meiotic recombination. [FBrf0174802] Carpenter, 2003, Genetics 163(4): 1337--1356 Normal synaptonemal complex and abnormal recombination nodules in two alleles of the Drosophila meiotic mutant mei-W68. [FBrf0158977] Findley et al., 2003, Development 130(5): 859--871 Maelstrom, a Drosophila spindle-class gene, encodes a protein that colocalizes with Vasa and RDE1/AGO1 homolog, Aubergine, in nuage. [FBrf0155724] Staeva-Vieira et al., 2003, EMBO J. 22(21): 5863--5874 An essential role of DmRad51/SpnA in DNA repair and meiotic checkpoint control. [FBrf0167550] Doronkin et al., 2002, Development 129(21): 5053--5064 CSN5/Jab1 mutations affect axis formation in the Drosophila oocyte by activating a meiotic checkpoint. [FBrf0151933] Liu et al., 2002, Genetics 162(1): 245--258 mei-P22 encodes a chromosome-associated protein required for the initiation of meiotic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0152036] Liu et al., 2000, Genetics 154(4): 1735--1746 Two genes required for meiotic recombination in Drosophila are expressed from a dicistronic message. [FBrf0127203] McKee et al., 2000, Genetica 109(1-2): 77--93 On the roles of heterochromatin and euchromatin in meiosis in Drosophila: mapping chromosomal pairing sites and testing candidate mutations for effects on X-Y nondisjunction and meiotic drive in male meiosis. [FBrf0135799] McKim et al., 2000, Chromosoma 109(1-2): 44--49 mei-41 is required for precocious anaphase in Drosophila females. [FBrf0128122] Shulman et al., 2000, Cell 101(4): 377--388 The Drosophila homolog of C. elegans PAR-1 organizes the oocyte cytoskeleton and directs oskar mRNA localization to the posterior pole. [FBrf0128644] McKim et al., 1998, Science 279(5352): 876--878 Meiotic synapsis in the absence of recombination. [FBrf0100602] McKim and Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998, Genes Dev. 12(18): 2932--2942 mei-W68 in Drosophila melanogaster encodes a Spo11 homolog: evidence that the mechanism for initiating meiotic recombination is conserved. [FBrf0104768]
Personal communication to FlyBase	Carpenter, 1997.5.12, Ultrastructural studies of pachytene. Ultrastructural studies of pachytene. [FBrf0093814]
Letter	McKim et al., 1993, Nature 362(6418): 364--366 Mechanical basis of meiotic metaphase arrest. [FBrf0059133]

Allele Dmel\mei-W681

Allele Dmel\mei-W68¹