Allele Dmel\br^npr-3

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\br^npr-3	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0013157
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\br
Also Known As	npr1³, l(1)npr-1, npr-1, npr³

Allele class	loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence (Restifo and White, 1991, Gotwals and Fristrom, 1991, Restifo and Merrill, 1994) loss of function allele (Crossgrove et al., 1996, Bayer et al., 1997, Schubiger et al., 2005, Wilson et al., 2006)
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Belyaeva et al., 1980, Gotwals and Fristrom, 1991, Restifo and Merrill, 1994, Bayer et al., 1997)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	immune response defective (Sorrentino et al., 2002) lethal \| larval stage (Kiss et al., 1988) lethal \| larval stage \| recessive (Bayer et al., 1997, Emery et al., 1994, Karim et al., 1993) lethal \| partially \| pharate adult stage (with br^rbp-2) (Wilson et al., 2006) lethal \| partially \| pupal stage (with br^rbp-2) (Wilson et al., 2006) lethal \| recessive (Gotwals and Fristrom, 1991, Restifo and Merrill, 1994) Minute (Schubiger et al., 2005) visible \| recessive \| somatic clone (Brennan et al., 2001)
Phenotype Manifest In
	chemosensory ventral triple row bristle \| somatic clone (Schubiger et al., 2005) embryonic/larval central nervous system (Restifo and White, 1991) embryonic/larval salivary gland \| embryonic stage (Restifo and White, 1992) eye \| somatic clone (Brennan et al., 2001) imaginal disc (Kiss et al., 1988) imaginal disc \| larval stage (Kiss et al., 1978) indirect flight muscle (Restifo and White, 1992) morphogenetic furrow (Brennan et al., 2001) ommatidium (Brennan et al., 2001) ommatidium \| somatic clone (Brennan et al., 2001) photoreceptor cell \| somatic clone (Brennan et al., 2001) photoreceptor cell \| somatic clone \| supernumerary (Brennan et al., 2001) photoreceptor cell R8 \| somatic clone \| supernumerary (Brennan et al., 2001) wing margin & sensory neuron \| somatic clone (Schubiger et al., 2005)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference 100% of br^rbp-2/br^npr-3 larvae are able to pupate, but ~15% die as early pupae. 80% of these survive to late pharate adult stage, with ~20% failing to eclose. br^npr-3/+ flies show the same susceptibility to methoprene as wild-type flies. (Wilson et al., 2006) br^npr-3/+ flies show a wild-type number of DLM fibers and normal TDT patterning in the adult thorax. (Lovato et al., 2005) The wing marginal sensory neurons fail to differentiate in br^npr-3 mutant clones and br^npr-3 Minute mutant clones. The loss of the marginal neurons is permanent as chemosensory bristles are never observed in adult wings with br^npr-3 clones encompassing the wing margin. (Schubiger et al., 2005) br^npr-3 mutants exhibit a significant reduction in encapsulation response. Lymph glands of older, developmentally arrested mutant larvae are of normal size and do not show hypertrophy. (Sorrentino et al., 2002) br^npr-3/Y eye discs show ommatidial disorganisation and signs of furrow failure, including mature ommatidial clusters at the furrow. Homozygous clones in the eye disc show defects in ommatidial organisation, including the wrong number of photoreceptors in clusters. Excess numbers of R8 cells in a cluster are seen. Homozygous clones spanning the morphogenetic furrow are not associated with any retardation of the furrow. Clones at the posterior margin of the disc do not show any visible defects in furrow initiation. Homozygous clones in the adult eye result in a scar. (Brennan et al., 2001) Homozygotes arrest development at the end of the larval period, do not pupariate and die after several days as wandering third instar larvae. (Bayer et al., 1997) Lethality acts in the late third instar. (Emery et al., 1994) The Pig1 to Sgs4 switch fails to occur during mid-third instar. (von Kalm et al., 1994) Lethality acts at the late third instar stage. (Karim et al., 1993) Failure of salivary gland degeneration. Reduction in dorso-ventral class of indirect flight muscles. (Restifo and White, 1992) 18--28% penetrance of zip interaction with br^npr-3 heterozygous females. (Gotwals and Fristrom, 1991) Wandering third instar larvae initially show normal CNS histology, later widespread loss of tissue integrity is seen. (Restifo and White, 1991) Imaginal discs of homozygous larvae are normal. (Gatti and Baker, 1989) Imaginal discs form swollen vesicles. (Kiss et al., 1988) No maternal effect. (Perrimon et al., 1984) Larvae do not pupate, but can survive for weeks after reaching the size of the mature wild-type larva. Larval imaginal discs are normal on the 4th day after hatching, however they become bloated and a highly distorted by the 8th-10th day of larval life. The ring gland is normal in size on the 8th-10th day of larval life. (Kiss et al., 1978)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference br^rbp-2/br^npr-3 has lethal \| pupal stage phenotype, enhanceable by Met³/Met³ (Wilson et al., 2006)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference br^npr-3/br[+] is an enhancer of visible \| dominant phenotype of B¹ (Brennan et al., 2001)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference br^npr-3/br[+], twi¹ has dorsal medial muscle phenotype, enhanceable by Mef2[+]/Mef2^P544 (Lovato et al., 2005) br^npr-3 has mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66 phenotype, enhanceable by Mef2[+]/twi¹/Mef2^P544/twi[+] (Lovato et al., 2005) Mef2^P544, br^npr-3/br[+] has mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66 phenotype, enhanceable by twi¹/twi[+] (Lovato et al., 2005)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference br^npr-3/br[+] is an enhancer of eye phenotype of B¹ (Brennan et al., 2001) br^npr-3/br[+] is an enhancer of mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66 phenotype of Mef2^P544 (Lovato et al., 2005) br^npr-3/br[+] is an enhancer of mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66 phenotype of Mef2^P544, twi¹/twi[+] (Lovato et al., 2005) Mef2[+], br^npr-3, Mef2^P544, br[+] is an enhancer of mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66 phenotype of twi¹ (Lovato et al., 2005)
Other
Statement Reference br^npr-3/br[+], twi¹ has dorsal medial muscle phenotype (Lovato et al., 2005) Mef2[+]/Mef2^P544, br^npr-3, twi¹/twi[+] has dorsal medial muscle phenotype (Lovato et al., 2005) Mef2^P544, br^npr-3/br[+], twi¹/twi[+] has dorsal medial muscle phenotype (Lovato et al., 2005)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference The lethality is enhanced in br^rbp-2/br^npr-3 Rst(1)JH³/Rst(1)JH³ double mutants compared to br^rbp-2/br^npr-3 mutants, with no flies surviving beyond the pupal stage. (Wilson et al., 2006) There is a significant reduction in the number of DLM fibers in br^npr-3/+; twi¹/+ double mutants (5.8 fibers vs 6 in wild type) and an even greater reduction in br^npr-3/+; twi¹/+, Mef2^P544/+ triple mutants (5.2 fibers). However, no such reduction is seen in br^npr-3/+; Mef2^P544/+ double mutants. br^npr-3/+; Mef2^P544/+ double heterozygotes display higher levels of defects in TDT organization than either single heterozygote, including the presence of ectopic fibers in the lumen. 82% of br^npr-3/+; twi¹/+, Mef2^P544/+ triple mutants show defects in TDT patterning (a higher level than any of the double mutant combinations), including additional small cells, internal fibers and the rerouting of some fibers to the periphery. (Lovato et al., 2005)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Partially rescued by	br^npr-3 is partially rescued by br^Z2.hs (Bayer et al., 1997)
Not rescued by	br^npr-3 is not rescued by br^{BRcore.NS.Z3.hs} (Bayer et al., 1997) br^npr-3 is not rescued by br^{BRcore.Q1.Z1.hs} (Bayer et al., 1997) br^npr-3 is not rescued by br^{BRcore.TNT.Q1.Z1.hs} (Bayer et al., 1997) br^npr-3 is not rescued by br^BRcore.Z4.hs (Bayer et al., 1997)
Comments	Lethality is not rescued by br^{BRcore.Q1.Z1.hs}, br^{BRcore.TNT.Q1.Z1.hs}, br^Z2.hs, br^{BRcore.NS.Z3.hs} or br^BRcore.Z4.hs when expressed using heat shocks of either 33^oC or 37^oC. br^npr-3 third instar larvae expressing br^Z2.hs show further development than control br^npr-3 larvae, forming normal looking puparia with everted spiracles, a tanned cuticle and imaginal discs that have initiated morphogenesis. (Bayer et al., 1997)
Stocks ( 3 )
Bloomington	5964 y¹ br^npr-3 w¹/Binsn 29971 y¹ br^npr-3 w^a sn³/Binsn
Kyoto	108509 y¹ w¹ br^npr-3/Binsn
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Kiss.

Comments
	Analysis of Ecol\lacZ^Sgs3.GLX3.3 expression in salivary glands mosaic for br^npr-3 suggests a cell-autonomous requirement for br⁺ function for the expression of Sgs3 in the salivary gland. (Vijay Raghavan et al., 1988)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 11 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	br^npr-3 (Lovato et al., 2005, Ward et al., 2006, Zartman et al., 2008, Xiang et al., 2010) br^npr3 (Zhou et al., 2009) l(1)d.norm.-12 l(1)dn12 l(1)npr-1 (Hofmann et al., 1991, Vijay Raghavan et al., 1988, Belyaeva et al., 1982, Belyaeva et al., 1980, Kiss et al., 1978, ) npr-1 (Solov'eva, 1992, Mazina et al., 1990, Solovyeva and Belyaeva, 1989) npr1 npr1³ (Wilson et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2000, Brennan et al., 2001, Liu and Restifo, 1998, Bayer et al., 1997, Crossgrove et al., 1996, Lehmann and Korge, 1996, Restifo et al., 1995, Restifo and Merrill, 1994, Kiss et al., 1988, Spokony and Restifo, 2009) npr³ (Schubiger et al., 2005, Renault et al., 2001, ) nrp l[3] (Dunne et al., 2002)
Name Synonym	lethal(1)discs normal
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 41 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 41 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 40 ) Review ( 1 )
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Allele Dmel\brnpr-3

Allele Dmel\br^npr-3