• Home
• Tools
  • Tools Overview
  • Query Tools

    
    • QuickSearch
    • QueryBuilder
    • TermLink
    • CytoSearch
    • RNA-Seq Search
    • Interactions Browser
    • ImageBrowse
    • Find A Person
    • Google™ FlyBase
  • Genomic/Map Tools

    
    • BLAST
    • GBrowse
    • GBrowse 2 Beta
    • CytoSearch
    • Feature Mapper
    • Aberrations Maps
    • Chromosome Maps
    • Coordinates Converter
  • Retrieve/Convert

    
    • Batch Download
    • Coordinates Converter
    • ID Converter
  • Data Submission

    
    • Fast-Track Your Paper
    • Submit Personal Comm
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
  • People

    
    • Find A Person
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
• Files
  • Files Overview
  • Current release
  • Archived releases
  • Map Conversion
  • FTP site:
  • Releases (FTP)
  • Genomes (FTP)
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequenced Species
  • Synteny Table
  • Color Illustrations
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All Resources
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Other links:
  • BDGP
  • DGRC
  • DIS by issue
  • FlyExpress
  • Interactive Fly
  • modENCODE
  • Textpresso for Fly
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • FlyBase Guides
  • Video Tutorials
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Release
  • Other Archives
  • Coordinate Converter

Allele Dmel\Pc¹⁶

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Pc16	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0013566
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\Pc
Also Known As	PcK
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence (Cheng et al., 1994, Campbell et al., 1995)
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome
Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference 2kb deletion.
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	visible (Kodjabachian et al., 1998) visible | dominant (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993, Fauvarque et al., 2001) visible | dominant | homeotic (Calgaro et al., 2002, Ruhf et al., 2001) visible | homeotic (Faucheux et al., 2003) visible | recessive (Faucheux et al., 2003, Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)
Phenotype Manifest In
	mesothoracic leg (Calgaro et al., 2002, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Faucheux et al., 2003, Fauvarque et al., 2001, Ruhf et al., 2001) metathoracic leg (Calgaro et al., 2002, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Faucheux et al., 2003, Ruhf et al., 2001) prothoracic leg | ectopic (Faucheux et al., 2003) sex comb (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988, Kodjabachian et al., 1998) sex comb | ectopic (Calgaro et al., 2002, Campbell et al., 1995, Fauvarque et al., 2001) sex comb tooth (Faucheux et al., 2003)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Pc16 mutants exhibit an esc-like phenotype, consisting of homeotic transformation of mesothoracic or metathoracic legs towards prothoracic legs due to the deregulation of Scr. Pc16/+ flies exhibit wing-type wings. (Faucheux et al., 2003) Heterozygous males have ectopic sex comb teeth on the T2 (penetrance 69%) and T3 (penetrance 15%) legs. (Calgaro et al., 2002) Heterozygous males have ectopic sex comb teeth on the mesothoracic legs. (Fauvarque et al., 2001) Transformation of second to first leg. Transformation of third to second leg. (Ruhf et al., 2001) Does not affect the position effect variegation (PEV) at the w locus caused by In(1)wm4 or PEV at the B locus caused by Dp(1;Y)BSCV. (Sinclair et al., 1998) Mutation changes the level of w expression in ph-plac+3 flies; eye colour is darker. (Fauvarque et al., 1995) Phenoytpe manifest in: mesothoracic leg Shows a mesothoracic leg to prothoracic leg transformation. (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Partial transformations of second and third legs into first legs in Pc/+ heterozygotes. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Shows a recessive extra sex comb phenotype. Enhances the extra sex combs phenotype of Pc2, AntpNs/+. Causes between a two- and four-fold enhancement of the extra sex combs phenotype of Pc4/+. (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) Enhances extra sex combs phenotype of Pc4.
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference Pc16 has visible | dominant phenotype, enhanceable by eff[+]/effmer4 (Fauvarque et al., 2001) Pc16 has visible | dominant phenotype, enhanceable by effmer1/eff[+] (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 has visible | homeotic phenotype, enhanceable by dom14/dom[+] (Ruhf et al., 2001) Pc16 has visible | recessive phenotype, enhanceable by lolalk02512 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has visible phenotype, enhanceable by corto420 (Kodjabachian et al., 1998)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference Pc16 has visible | dominant | homeotic phenotype, suppressible by tara1 (Calgaro et al., 2002) Pc16 has visible | dominant | homeotic phenotype, suppressible by taraL4 (Calgaro et al., 2002) Pc16 has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by tara1/tara[+] (Fauvarque et al., 2001) Pc16 has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by tou[+]/tou1 (Fauvarque et al., 2001) Pc16 has visible | recessive | homeotic phenotype, suppressible by lolal311a (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has visible | recessive | homeotic phenotype, suppressible by lolal+tBB (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has visible | recessive | homeotic phenotype, suppressible by lolalk07907 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has visible | recessive | homeotic phenotype, suppressible by lolalk11212 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has visible | recessive | homeotic phenotype, suppressible by lolalScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP/Scer\GAL4da.G32 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has visible | recessive | homeotic phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4da.G32/lolalScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Su(Pc)35CDT41.2/Su(Pc)35CD[+] (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference Pc16/Pc[+] is an enhancer of visible | recessive | homeotic phenotype of mxcM1 (Saget et al., 1998) Pc16 is an enhancer of eye color defective phenotype of w1118, wmC.ph-p.418 (Bloyer et al., 2003) Pc16 is an enhancer of eye color defective phenotype of w1118, wmC.ph-p.418bis (Bloyer et al., 2003) Pc16 is an enhancer of eye color defective phenotype of w1118, wmC.ph-p.812 (Bloyer et al., 2003) Pc16 is an enhancer of eye color defective phenotype of w1118, wmC.ph-p.813 (Bloyer et al., 2003) Pc16 is an enhancer of eye color defective phenotype of w1118, wmC.ph-p.813bis (Bloyer et al., 2003)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference Pc16 is a non-enhancer of eye color defective phenotype of w1118, wmC.ph-d.826 (Bloyer et al., 2003)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference Pc16 is a suppressor of eye color defective phenotype of wT81 (Netter et al., 1998)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference Pc16 is a non-suppressor of eye color defective phenotype of w1118, wmC.ph-d.826 (Bloyer et al., 2003)
Other
Statement Reference Pc16, w5.1 has eye color defective phenotype (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16, w8.1 has eye color defective phenotype (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16, w19.1 has eye color defective phenotype (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference Pc16 has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2R)CA53 (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2R)trix (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)fz-GF3b (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)fz-GS1a (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has leg phenotype, enhanceable by salm1 (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by dom14/dom[+] (Ruhf et al., 2001) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by eff[+]/effmer4 (Fauvarque et al., 2001) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by effmer1/eff[+] (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by lolalk02512 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has metathoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by dom14/dom[+] (Ruhf et al., 2001) Pc16 has metathoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by lolalk02512 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has phenotype, enhanceable by mxcM1 (Docquier et al., 1996) Pc16 has prothoracic leg | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by lolalk02512 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by E(z)+t8.8 (Campbell et al., 1995) Pc16 has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by eff[+]/effmer4 (Fauvarque et al., 2001) Pc16 has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by corto420 (Kodjabachian et al., 1998) Pc16 has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2R)CA53 (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2R)trix (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)fz-GF3b (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)fz-GS1a (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by salm1 (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has sex comb tooth phenotype, enhanceable by lolalk02512 (Faucheux et al., 2003)
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference Pc16 has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Alhunspecified (Perrin et al., 2003)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference Pc16 has leg phenotype, suppressible by Df(2L)H20 (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has leg phenotype, suppressible by Df(2L)pr-A16 (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has leg phenotype, suppressible by Df(2L)TW50 (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has leg phenotype, suppressible by Df(3L)fz-D21 (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by lolal311a (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by lolal+tBB (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by lolalk07907 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by lolalk11212 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by lolalScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP/Scer\GAL4da.G32 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4da.G32/lolalScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by Su(Pc)35CDT41.2/Su(Pc)35CD[+] (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by tara1 (Calgaro et al., 2002) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by tara1/tara[+] (Fauvarque et al., 2001) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by taraL4 (Calgaro et al., 2002) Pc16 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by tou[+]/tou1 (Fauvarque et al., 2001) Pc16 has metathoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by lolal311a (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has metathoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by lolal+tBB (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has metathoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by lolalk07907 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has metathoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by lolalk11212 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has metathoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by lolalScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP/Scer\GAL4da.G32 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has metathoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4da.G32/lolalScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has metathoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by tara1 (Calgaro et al., 2002) Pc16 has metathoracic leg phenotype, suppressible by taraL4 (Calgaro et al., 2002) Pc16 has prothoracic leg | ectopic phenotype, suppressible by lolal311a (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has prothoracic leg | ectopic phenotype, suppressible by lolal+tBB (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has prothoracic leg | ectopic phenotype, suppressible by lolalk07907 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has prothoracic leg | ectopic phenotype, suppressible by lolalk11212 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has prothoracic leg | ectopic phenotype, suppressible by lolalScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP/Scer\GAL4da.G32 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has prothoracic leg | ectopic phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4da.G32/lolalScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, suppressible by Pcl+t16.3 (Campbell et al., 1995) Pc16 has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, suppressible by tara1 (Calgaro et al., 2002) Pc16 has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, suppressible by tara1/tara[+] (Fauvarque et al., 2001) Pc16 has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, suppressible by taraL4 (Calgaro et al., 2002) Pc16 has sex comb | ectopic phenotype, suppressible by tou[+]/tou1 (Fauvarque et al., 2001) Pc16 has sex comb phenotype, suppressible by Df(2L)H20 (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has sex comb phenotype, suppressible by Df(2L)pr-A16 (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has sex comb phenotype, suppressible by Df(2L)TW50 (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has sex comb phenotype, suppressible by Df(3L)fz-D21 (Landecker et al., 1994) Pc16 has sex comb tooth phenotype, suppressible by lolal+tBB (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has sex comb tooth phenotype, suppressible by lolalScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP/Scer\GAL4da.G32 (Faucheux et al., 2003) Pc16 has sex comb tooth phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4da.G32/lolalScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG (Faucheux et al., 2003)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference Pc16 has phenotype, non-suppressible by Alhunspecified (Perrin et al., 2003)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of mxcM1 (Docquier et al., 1996) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of w6.1 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of wI7.1 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of wI33.1 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of wT2.2.31 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of wT3 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of wT13.4 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of wT13.5 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of wT26 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of wT30 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of wT33.1.2 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of wT33.1.24j (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of wT40 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of wT42.1 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of wT43 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is an enhancer of phenotype of wT72.1 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference Pc16 is a non-enhancer of phenotype of wI2.1.2 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is a non-enhancer of phenotype of wT15.2 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is a non-enhancer of phenotype of wT33.1.5 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is a non-enhancer of phenotype of wT44 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is a non-enhancer of phenotype of wT53.3 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is a non-enhancer of phenotype of wT63 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is a non-enhancer of phenotype of wT66.1 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is a non-enhancer of phenotype of wT69.3 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pc16 is a non-enhancer of phenotype of wT72.2 (Fauvarque and Dura, 1993)
Other
Statement Reference Pc16, invW has wing phenotype (Randsholt et al., 2000, Randsholt et al., 2000)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference lolalk02512 enhances the Pc16 esc-like phenotype, consisting of homeotic transformation of mesothoracic or metathoracic legs towards prothoracic legs due to the deregulation of Scr. In addition there is an increase in the mean number of sex comb teeth in Pc16, lolalk02512 double mutants. One extra copy of lolal+tBB, lolalScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG or lolalScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP under the control of Scer\GAL4da.G32, suppresses the Pc16 esc-like phenotype. Mutants heterozygous for lolalk02512, lolalk11212, or lolalk07907, when also heterozygous for Pc16, exhibit a contrabithorax phenotype, which is a wing-to-haltere transformation due to ectopic expression of Ubx in the posterior part of the wing disc, often resulting in curvature of the wing. This phenotype is further enhanced in specific lolal heteroallelic viable combinations, such as lolalk02512/lolal311a, lolalk11212/lolal311a, and lolalk07907/lolal311a, when also heterozygous for Pc16. (Faucheux et al., 2003) Moderate suppressor of eye pigment phenotype of wT81. (Netter et al., 1998) Hemizygous mxcM1 males show weak homeotic phenotypes. Strong enhancement of homeotic transformations is seen in mxcM1/Y in trans with one mutant copy of Pc16. (Saget et al., 1998) The extra sex combs phenotype of Pc16 heterozygotes is dominantly enhanced by salm1, Df(2R)trix, Df(2R)CA53, Df(3L)fz-GF3b and Df(3L)fz-GS1a. The extra sex combs phenotype of Pc16 heterozygotes is dominantly suppressed by Df(2L)H20, Df(2L)TW50, Df(2L)pr-A16 and Df(3L)fz-D21. (Landecker et al., 1994)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Comments	invW/Pc16 wings exhibit a wing phenotype (similar to the gain of function ci phenotype). (Randsholt et al., 2000)
Stocks ( 0 )
Notes on Origin
Discoverer
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 4 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Pc16   PcK1 (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988) PcK (Perrin et al., 2003, Faucheux et al., 2001, Ruhf et al., 2001, Randsholt et al., 2000, Kodjabachian et al., 1998, Fauvarque and Dura, 1993) Pck (Bloyer et al., 2003, Saget et al., 1998, Docquier et al., 1996)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 24 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 24 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 22 ) Book  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers (0)
	All research papers listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show research papers ...