Allele Dmel\pk¹

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\pk¹	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0013838
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\pk
Also Known As	pk^pk1

Allele class	loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	spontaneous
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence (Jenny et al., 2005) loss of function allele (Wong and Adler, 1993)
Mutagen	spontaneous (Gubb et al., 1999)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Lesion present between 0 and 2.2kb downstream of zero (zero being 973bp proximal to the pk transcription start site.). (Gubb et al., 1999)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	planar polarity defective (Gubb et al., 1999, Taylor et al., 1998) planar polarity defective \| cell autonomous \| somatic clone (Gubb et al., 1999, Lawrence et al., 2004) planar polarity defective \| cell non-autonomous (Adler et al., 2000) planar polarity defective \| cell non-autonomous \| somatic clone (Gubb et al., 1999) planar polarity defective \| recessive (Wong and Adler, 1993) visible \| recessive (Gubb et al., 1999)
Phenotype Manifest In
	scutum (Gubb et al., 1999) trichome & adult abdomen \| somatic clone \| cell autonomous (Lawrence et al., 2004) triple row (Gubb et al., 1999) wing (Gubb et al., 1999) wing \| cell autonomous \| somatic clone (Adler et al., 2000) wing \| cell non-autonomous \| somatic clone (Adler et al., 2000) wing cell \| P-stage (Classen et al., 2005) wing hair (Gubb et al., 1999, Wong and Adler, 1993, Taylor et al., 1998) wing hair \| somatic clone (Gubb et al., 1999)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference The hexagonal packing of intervein cells, which usually occurs between wing development stage P2B (when the first morphological signs of veins appear (FBrf0005070), and the middle of P2C (before hair formation (FBrf0005070)) is disrupted in pk¹/pk¹ flies. (Classen et al., 2005) pk¹ somatic clones in the adult abdomen have disturbed polarity - usually a 'whorl' of hairs. This effect is cell autonomous. (Lawrence et al., 2004) Mutants show no significant disruption of ovarian morphology. (Cohen et al., 2002) 85% of homozygous somatic clones in the wing exhibit cell autonomy, though about 15% display a clear domineering non-autonomy. This is not restricted to large or early induced clones. The clones show the same polarity as cells in equivalent positions in entirely mutant pk¹ wings. (Adler et al., 2000) Causes no embryonic phenotype even when homozygous mutant embryos develop from homozygous mutant mothers. Causes an extreme polarity phenotype in the wing and notum. The triple row bristles are reversed along the anterior margin and a whorl in the wing hairs is seen near the tip of vein 2. Shows a low penetrance doubled hair phenotype. Eyes are wild-type. Tarsi are wild-type. Denticle belt morphology and denticle orientation remains wild-type. Within pk¹ somatic clones in the wing the mutant polarity pattern is generally cell autonomous, with only occasional short range non-autonomous disruption of polarity in wild-type cells adjacent to the proximal and lateral margins of a clone. There is no clear pattern to the position of such clones, but small peninsulas of wild-type tissue surrounded by pk¹ tissue tend to adopt the mutant polarity pattern. Smaller clones, induced later than 72-96 hr, do not alter the polarity of adjacent tissue. Wild-type hairs are oriented towards the clone as though it is acting as a polarity 'sink'. (Gubb et al., 1999) Homozygotes in combination with P{hsfzI} heat shocked to induce a strong hsfz-late phenotype fail to suppress the multiple hair cell (MHC) phenotype. (Krasnow et al., 1995) Most wing cells of homozygous flies form a single hair. Homozygous flies have disruptions in the pattern of wing hair polarity. The prehair initiation site is moved to near the cell centre in pupal wing cells. Double mutants of pk¹ with in¹, fy² or mwh¹ resemble in¹, fy² or mwh¹ single mutants respectively. (Wong and Adler, 1993)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhancer of
Statement Reference pk¹ is an enhancer of planar polarity defective phenotype of Vang^sev.PR (Rawls and Wolff, 2003) pk¹ is an enhancer of planar polarity defective phenotype of Vang^stbm-153 (Rawls and Wolff, 2003)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference pk[+]/pk¹ is a suppressor \| partially of planar polarity defective phenotype of dsh¹ (Jenny et al., 2005)
Other
Statement Reference fz²³, pk¹ has planar polarity defective \| somatic clone \| cell non-autonomous phenotype (Adler et al., 2000, Adler et al., 2000)
Phenotype Manifest In
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference pk¹ has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Gli^dv5 (Venema et al., 2004)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference pk¹ has phenotype, non-suppressible by Gli^dv5 (Venema et al., 2004)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference pk[+]/pk¹ is an enhancer of wing cell \| adult stage \| heat sensitive phenotype of shi¹ (Classen et al., 2005) pk¹ is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Vang^sev.PR (Rawls and Wolff, 2003) pk¹ is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Vang^stbm-153 (Rawls and Wolff, 2003) pk¹ is an enhancer of wing hair & 1st posterior cell phenotype of in^II53 (Lee and Adler, 2002)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference pk[+]/pk¹ is a suppressor \| partially of ommatidium phenotype of dsh¹ (Jenny et al., 2005) pk¹ is a suppressor of phenotype of Vang^11-3 (Taylor et al., 1998) pk¹ is a suppressor of phenotype of Vang^14-11 (Taylor et al., 1998) pk¹ is a suppressor of phenotype of Vang^A3 (Taylor et al., 1998) pk¹ is a suppressor of wing hair phenotype of Vang^Tbs42 (Taylor et al., 1998)
Other
Statement Reference fz²³, pk¹ has wing \| somatic clone \| cell non-autonomous phenotype (Adler et al., 2000, Adler et al., 2000)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference The formation of holes in wings due to temperature shift of shi¹/shi¹ animals during pupal stages is moderately enhanced by pk¹/+. (Classen et al., 2005) The planar cell polarity phenotype seen in the eyes of dsh¹/Y flies is partially suppressed by pk¹/+. (Jenny et al., 2005) Gli^dv5/Gli^dv5, pk¹/pk¹ animals exhibit an additive wing hair phenotype. (Venema et al., 2004) fz²³ homozygous clones in pk¹ wings, exhibit domineering cell non-autonomy where the direction of the non-autonomy is no longer distal. For these clones the domineering cell autonomy is in the same direction as local hair polarity. (Adler et al., 2000) Vang is epistatic to pk; double mutants of Vang^Tbs42, Vang^A3 or Vang^A5 with pk¹ show a fz-in group phenotype, possible less severe than for the Vang single mutant. Dominantly suppresses the wing basal cell 1 swirl phenotype of Vang alleles. Vang^Tbs42, pk¹ double mutants show an increase in multiple wing hair cells over either single mutant. (Taylor et al., 1998)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Comments
Stocks ( 20 )
Bloomington	367 pk¹ cn¹ 6088 Df(2L)TE35BC-4, b¹ pr¹ pk¹ cn¹/CyO 3588 Df(2L)TE35BC-24, b¹ pr¹ pk¹ cn¹ sp¹/CyO 6244 Df(2L)TE35BC-34, b¹ pr¹ pk¹ cn¹ sp¹/CyO 875 pn¹; pr¹ pk¹ cn¹; ry⁵⁰⁶ Dr¹ P{Δ2-3}99B/TM6 6241 w¹; Df(2L)TE35BC-7, b¹ pr¹ pk¹ cn¹ sp¹/CyO
Kyoto	105875 pk¹ cn¹ 101426 Df(2L)b84a7, pr¹ pk¹ cn¹ sp¹ / CyO 108602 Df(2L)TE35BC-4, b¹ pr¹ pk¹ cn¹/CyO 107112 Df(2L)TE35BC-24, b¹ pr¹ pk¹ cn¹ sp¹/CyO 108699 Df(2L)TE35BC-34, b¹ pr¹ pk¹ cn¹ sp¹/CyO 106102 pn¹; pr¹ pk¹ cn¹; ry⁵⁰⁶ Dr¹ P{Δ2-3}99B/TM6
	More stocks available...
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Ives, Nov. 1938.

External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 2 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	pk¹ (Lawrence et al., 2004, Classen et al., 2005) pk^pk1 (Jenny et al., 2003, Rawls and Wolff, 2003, Gubb et al., 1999, Jenny et al., 2005)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 18 )
Research paper	Classen et al., 2005, Dev. Cell 9(6): 805--817 Hexagonal packing of Drosophila wing epithelial cells by the planar cell polarity pathway. [FBrf0190197] Jenny et al., 2005, Nat. Cell Biol. 7(7): 691--697 Diego and Prickle regulate Frizzled planar cell polarity signalling by competing for Dishevelled binding. [FBrf0188147] Lawrence et al., 2004, Development 131(19): 4651--4664 Cell interactions and planar polarity in the abdominal epidermis of Drosophila. [FBrf0180148] Lee and Adler, 2004, Mech. Dev. 121(1): 37--49 The grainy head transcription factor is essential for the function of the frizzled pathway in the Drosophila wing. [FBrf0167844] Venema et al., 2004, Dev. Biol. 275(2): 301--314 Transient apical polarization of Gliotactin and Coracle is required for parallel alignment of wing hairs in Drosophila. [FBrf0180106] Jenny et al., 2003, EMBO J. 22(17): 4409--4420 Prickle and Strabismus form a functional complex to generate a correct axis during planar cell polarity signaling. [FBrf0162094] Rawls and Wolff, 2003, Development 130(9): 1877--1887 Strabismus requires Flamingo and Prickle function to regulate tissue polarity in the Drosophila eye. [FBrf0158881] Cohen et al., 2002, Dev. Cell 2(4): 437--448 DWnt4 regulates cell movement and focal adhesion kinase during Drosophila ovarian morphogenesis. [FBrf0146974] Lee and Adler, 2002, Genetics 160(4): 1535--1547 The function of the frizzled pathway in the Drosophila wing is dependent on inturned and fuzzy. [FBrf0147064] Adler et al., 2000, Mech. Dev. 96(2): 197--207 The domineering non-autonomy of frizzled and Van Gogh clones in the Drosophila wing is a consequence of a disruption in local signaling. [FBrf0129695] Gubb et al., 1999, Genes Dev. 13(17): 2315--2327 The balance between isoforms of the prickle LIM domain protein is critical for planar polarity in Drosophila imaginal discs. [FBrf0111378] Adler et al., 1998, Development 125(5): 959--968 Mutations in the cadherin superfamily member gene dachsous cause a tissue polarity phenotype by altering frizzled signaling. [FBrf0101864] Taylor et al., 1998, Genetics 150(1): 199--210 Van gogh. A new Drosophila tissue polarity gene. [FBrf0104520] Adler et al., 1997, Curr. Biol. 7(12): 940--949 Tissue polarity points from cells that have higher frizzled levels towards cells that have lower frizzled levels. [FBrf0099752] Dickinson and Thatcher, 1997, Cell Motility Cytoskel. 38(1): 9--21 Morphogenesis of denticles and hairs in Drosophila embryos: involvement of actin-associated proteins that also affect adult structures. [FBrf0098231] Krasnow et al., 1995, Development 121(12): 4095--4102 Dishevelled is a component of the frizzled signaling pathway in Drosophila. [FBrf0085387] Wong and Adler, 1993, J. Cell Biol. 123(1): 209--221 Tissue polarity genes of Drosophila regulate the subcellular location for prehair initiation in pupal wing cells. [FBrf0064754] Ives, 1947, D. I. S. 21: 68--69 [New mutants report.] [FBrf0063530]

Allele Dmel\pk1

Allele Dmel\pk¹