Allele Dmel\pnr¹

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\pnr¹	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0013908
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\pnr
Also Known As	pnr^7G

Map ( GBrowse )
Allele class	loss of function allele
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	loss of function allele (Gajewski et al., 1999)
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Heitzler et al., 1996)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References point mutation 3R:11,864,820..11,864,821 evidence=experimental comment=G to A nucleotide change at the second or third position of the Trp codon leads to a nonsense mutation (exact site of mutation unspecified) pr_change=W180\|pnr-PA,W128\|pnr-PB reported_na_change=G1034A reported_pr_change=W180@ (Alvarez et al., 2003)
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Nucleotide substitution: G1034A. Amino acid replacement: W180@. (Alvarez et al., 2003) Molecular lesion unknown. (Heitzler et al., 1996)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal \| embryonic stage \| recessive (Heitzler et al., 1996, Gajewski et al., 1999)
Phenotype Manifest In
	adult heart (Qian and Bodmer, 2009) cardioblast (Gajewski et al., 1999, Alvarez et al., 2003, Sellin et al., 2006) embryonic/larval pericardial cell \| ectopic (Gajewski et al., 1999) embryonic dorsal epidermis (Heitzler et al., 1996) embryonic epidermis (Ricos et al., 1999) embryonic pericardial cell (Alvarez et al., 2003) mesothoracic cleft (Heitzler et al., 1996)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Heterozygous adults show an increase in heart arrest/fibrillation compared to control flies upon electrical pacing of the heart. The severity of the defect increases with age. Heterozygous adults show an increase in irregular heart rate compared to controls. The mean diastolic interval length is increased compared to controls. (Qian and Bodmer, 2009) Single cell class IV dendrite arborisation (da) neuron clones that are homozygous for pnr[1] do not show defects in the establishment or maintenance of dendritic tiling. (Parrish et al., 2007) In pnr¹ mutant embryos, the number of cardioblasts is strongly reduced and the embryos fail to form a closed heart tube. (Sellin et al., 2006) In mutant embryos most cardioblasts so not develop, although short stretches of cardioblast still arise. A strong decrease in pericardial cells is also seen. (Alvarez et al., 2003) Homozygous embryos have a severe dorsal hole. Cardial cells are absent, and there is an excess of eve-expressing pericardial cells. (Gajewski et al., 1999) Homozygous embryos show bunching of epidermal segments at the end of dorsal closure. (Ricos et al., 1999) Homozygotes exhibit a dorsal hole that is broader than that of pnr^VX6 or Df(3R)sbd45 homozygotes. Heterozygotes with pnr^D3 give adult escapers and heterozygotes with pnr^VX5 show extra dorsocentrals. Mitotic clones in the thorax adjacent to the thoracic midline cause a sizeable bilateral cleft involving most of the scutum causing the entire scutellum to disappear. (Heitzler et al., 1996) embryonic lethal. Dorsal anterior of embryo open.
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference pnr¹ has scutellum phenotype, enhanceable by XNP^UY3132/Scer\GAL4^455.2 (Valadez-Graham et al., 2012)
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference pnr¹ has adult heart phenotype, non-enhanceable by Df(2L)Exel6012/+ (Qian and Bodmer, 2009) pnr¹ has adult heart phenotype, non-enhanceable by Df(3R)GC14/+ (Qian and Bodmer, 2009) pnr¹ has adult heart phenotype, non-enhanceable by H15^nmr-614/H15[+] (Qian and Bodmer, 2009) pnr¹ has adult heart phenotype, non-enhanceable by tin³⁴⁶/tin[+] (Qian and Bodmer, 2009) pnr¹ has cardioblast phenotype, non-enhanceable by pnt^S012309 (Alvarez et al., 2003)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference pnr¹ has adult heart phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(2L)Exel6012/+ (Qian and Bodmer, 2009) pnr¹ has adult heart phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(3R)GC14/+ (Qian and Bodmer, 2009) pnr¹ has adult heart phenotype, non-suppressible by H15^nmr-614/H15[+] (Qian and Bodmer, 2009) pnr¹ has adult heart phenotype, non-suppressible by tin³⁴⁶/tin[+] (Qian and Bodmer, 2009) pnr¹ has cardioblast phenotype, non-suppressible by pnt^S012309 (Alvarez et al., 2003)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference Expression of XNP[UY3132] under the control of Scer\GAL4[455.2] enhances the penetrance of the scutellar phenotypes seen in pnr[1] heterozygotes. (Valadez-Graham et al., 2012) The increase in heart arrest/fibrillation upon electrical pacing that is seen in pnr[1]/+ adults is not significantly altered by tin[346]/+ or Df(3R)GC14/+. The increase in heart arrest/fibrillation upon electrical pacing that is seen in pnr[1]/+ adults is not significantly altered by H15[nmr-614]/+ or Df(2L)Exel6012/+. (Qian and Bodmer, 2009) In pnr¹, pnt^S012309 embryos local overproduction of cardioblasts are seen as seen in pnr¹ embryos. (Alvarez et al., 2003)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Partially rescued by	pnr¹ is partially rescued by pnr^Scer\UAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR (Qian and Bodmer, 2009) pnr¹ is partially rescued by pnr^Scer\UAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4 (Qian and Bodmer, 2009) pnr¹ is partially rescued by pnr^Scer\UAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B/Scer\GAL4^how-24B (Qian and Bodmer, 2009)
Comments
Stocks ( 2 )
Bloomington	3106 ru¹ h¹ th¹ st¹ cu¹ pnr¹ sr¹ e^s ca¹/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹
Kyoto	106847 ru¹ h¹ th¹ st¹ cu¹ pnr¹ sr¹ e^s ca¹/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

Comments
	Class 2 pnr allele: lethal recessive allele. Allelic series according to the extent of the dorsal hole: pnr¹ > Df(3R)sbd45 = pnr^VX6 = pnr^VP8 = pnr^D1 > pnr^D3. (Heitzler et al., 1996)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 4 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	pannier^7G (Arora et al., 1995) pnr¹ (Sellin et al., 2006, Parrish et al., 2007, Qian and Bodmer, 2009, Valadez-Graham et al., 2012) pnr^7G111 (Heitzler et al., 1996) pnr^7G (Ricos et al., 1999, Nelson and Szauter, 1992, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, )
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 13 )
Research paper	Valadez-Graham et al., 2012, Nucleic Acids Res. 40(4): 1460--1474 XNP/dATRX interacts with DREF in the chromatin to regulate gene expression. [FBrf0217551] Qian and Bodmer, 2009, Hum. Mol. Genet. 18(17): 3153--3163 Partial loss of GATA factor Pannier impairs adult heart function in Drosophila. [FBrf0208577] Parrish et al., 2007, Genes Dev. 21(8): 956--972 Polycomb genes interact with the tumor suppressor genes hippo and warts in the maintenance of Drosophila sensory neuron dendrites. [FBrf0201136] Sellin et al., 2006, Gene Expr. Patterns 6(4): 360--375 Dynamics of heart differentiation, visualized utilizing heart enhancer elements of the Drosophila melanogaster bHLH transcription factor Hand. [FBrf0190511] Alvarez et al., 2003, Development 130(13): 3015--3026 pannier and pointedP2 act sequentially to regulate Drosophila heart development. [FBrf0160371] Reim et al., 2003, Development 130(14): 3187--3204 The T-box-encoding Dorsocross genes function in amnioserosa development and the patterning of the dorsolateral germ band downstream of Dpp. [FBrf0160877] Gajewski et al., 1999, Development 126(24): 5679--5688 The zinc finger proteins Pannier and GATA4 function as cardiogenic factors in Drosophila. [FBrf0111873] Jack and Myette, 1999, Dev. Genes Evol. 209(9): 546--554 Mutations that alter the morphology of the Malpighian tubules in Drosophila. [FBrf0111391] Ricos et al., 1999, J. Cell Sci. 112(8): 1225--1235 Dcdc42 acts in TGF-beta signaling during Drosophila morphogenesis: Distinct roles for the Drac1/JNK and Dcdc42/TGF-beta cascades in cytoskeletal regulation. [FBrf0108393] Heitzler et al., 1996, Genetics 143(3): 1271--1286 A genetic analysis of pannier, a gene necessary for viability of dorsal tissues and bristle positioning in Drosophila. [FBrf0088194] Arora et al., 1995, Cell 81(5): 781--790 The Drosophila schnurri gene acts in the Dpp/TGF signaling pathway and encodes a transcription factor homologous to the human MBP family. [FBrf0081322] Nelson and Szauter, 1992, Mol. Gen. Genet. 235: 11--21 Cytogenetic analysis of chromosome region 89A of Drosophila melanogaster: isolation of deficiencies and mapping of Po, Aldox-1 and transposon insertions. [FBrf0057262]
Stock list	Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, D. I. S. 66: 209--269 Tubingen mutants and stock list. [FBrf0045941]

Allele Dmel\pnr1

Allele Dmel\pnr¹