Allele Dmel\rad¹

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\rad¹	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0014391
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\rad
Also Known As	rsh¹

Allele class
Mutagen
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class
Mutagen
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Predicted to result in a truncated rad protein that is lacking the C-terminal 64 amino acid residues. (Folkers et al., 2006) Nucleotide substitution: C?T. (Folkers et al., 2006) Amino acid replacement: Q?@. (Folkers et al., 2006)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	behavior defective (Folkers et al., 1993) feeding behavior defective (Colomb et al., 2009) learning defective \| recessive (Tully et al., 1994) learning defective \| semidominant (Folkers et al., 1991) memory defective (Lee et al., 2011) neuroanatomy defective \| third instar larval stage (Guan et al., 2011)
Phenotype Manifest In
	adult heart \| P-stage (Johnson et al., 2002) axon \| third instar larval stage (Guan et al., 2011) varicosity \| third instar larval stage (Guan et al., 2011)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Compared with wild-type, rad[1] mutants display an increase in varicosity number and a decrease in innervation length, resulting in a compact innervation pattern at the third instar larval neuromuscular junction. (Guan et al., 2011) Three-hour memory impairment after cold-induced anesthesia is reduced further in rad[1] mutants. Reducing 5HT levels by pCPA feeding has no effect in rad[1] mutants. (Lee et al., 2011) Extinction learning in rad[1] mutants, with either 10 or 30 cycles of training is no different from wild-type controls. (Qin and Dubnau, 2010) rad[1] flies exhibit a reduced sugar response compared to wild-type Canton-S flies. (Colomb et al., 2009) Mutant pupae show bradycardia. At every temperature tested, the mutant heart rate is significantly lower than that of wild type. This strain is insensitive to both serotonin and norepinephrine. (Johnson et al., 2002) rad¹ flies can learn better than wild-type controls in a standard training procedure. Memory retention is not significantly affected by the rad¹ mutation. (Gong et al., 1998) In wild-type animals, increasing the density at which larvae are reared results in an increase in the volume of the calyx in the adult brain. This plasticity is still seen in rad¹ mutants. (Hitier et al., 1998) Anesthesia resistant memory is disrupted. One day retention after massed training is zero, and after spaced training is subnormal. rad¹ mutants fed cycloheximide showed zero 1 day retention after spaced training. However, 2-7 day retention after spaced training is similar to that of wild type flies. (Tully et al., 1994) Individuals learn normally but display abnormally rapid memory decay after training in the olfactory discrimination test of Tully and Quinn (Tully, J. Comp. Physiol. A 157: 263). Memory loss decays to zero. (Folkers et al., 1991)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
Phenotypic Class
Phenotype Manifest In
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	rad¹ is rescued by rad^hs.PF (Folkers et al., 2006)
Comments	Expression of rad^hs.PF, following heat shock, rescues the disrupted anesthesia resistant memory phenotype of rad¹ flies. (Folkers et al., 2006)
Stocks ( 0 )

Notes on Origin
Discoverer

Comments
	Memory assayed in a classical Pavlovian conditioning procedure for odor-avoidance. (Tully et al., 1994) rad flies have good initial learning followed by rapid memory decay. memory decay is faster than that for amn¹ flies. Cold-induced anaesthesia treatment abolishes memory performance. Behavioural assays demonstrate that flies cannot smell odours or sense electric shocks. (Folkers et al., 1993)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 5 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	rad (Gong et al., 1998) rad¹ (Chiang et al., 2007) rsh (Hitier et al., 1998) rsh¹ (van Swinderen, 2007, Guan et al., 2011, Lee et al., 2011)
Name Synonym	radish1 (Qin and Dubnau, 2010)
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 14 )
Research paper	Guan et al., 2011, Learn. Mem. 18(4): 191--206 Altered gene regulation and synaptic morphology in Drosophila learning and memory mutants. [FBrf0213277] Lee et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(33): 13794--13799 Serotonin-mushroom body circuit modulating the formation of anesthesia-resistant memory in Drosophila. [FBrf0214737] Qin and Dubnau, 2010, Genes Brain Behav. 9(2): 203--212 Genetic disruptions of Drosophila Pavlovian learning leave extinction learning intact. [FBrf0210733] Colomb et al., 2009, Genes Brain Behav. 8(4): 407--415 Parametric and genetic analysis of Drosophila appetitive long-term memory and sugar motivation. [FBrf0215513] van Swinderen, 2007, Science 315(5818): 1590--1593 Attention-like processes in Drosophila require short-term memory genes. [FBrf0195187] Folkers et al., 2006, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103(46): 17496--17500 The Drosophila radish gene encodes a protein required for anesthesia-resistant memory. [FBrf0192239] Johnson et al., 2002, J. Comp. Physiol. B, Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. 172(3): 227--236 Modulation of the cardiac pacemaker of Drosophila: cellular mechanisms. [FBrf0149083] Gong et al., 1998, J. Insect Physiol. 44(12): 1149--1158 Operant visual learning and memory in Drosophila mutants dunce, amnesiac and radish. [FBrf0106552] Hitier et al., 1998, Neuroreport 9(12): 2717--2719 Abnormal mushroom body plasticity in the Drosophila memory mutant amnesiac. [FBrf0104755] Tully et al., 1994, Cell 79(1): 35--47 Genetic dissection of consolidated memory in Drosophila. [FBrf0076039] Folkers et al., 1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90(17): 8123--8127 radish, a Drosophila mutant deficient in consolidated memory. [FBrf0059295]
Review	Margulies et al., 2005, Curr. Biol. 15(17): R700--R713 Deconstructing memory in Drosophila. [FBrf0187319]
Retraction	Chiang et al., 2007, Curr. Biol. 17(19): 1720 radish encodes a Phospholipase-A2 and defines a neural circuit involved in anesthesia-resistant memory. [FBrf0200331]
Abstract	Folkers et al., 1991, Greenspan, Palka, 1991: 54 Genetic and molecular analysis of the Drosophila memory mutant radish. [FBrf0053305]

Allele Dmel\rad1

Allele Dmel\rad¹