Allele Dmel\rst⁶

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\rst⁶	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0014797
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\rst
Also Known As	rst^CT

Allele class	loss of function allele
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	loss of function allele (Larson et al., 2008, Johnson et al., 2008)
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Lefevre and Green, 1972, Wolff and Ready, 1991)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference rst[6] is a truncation mutant. (Larson et al., 2008) Disrupts the intracellular domain. (Ramos et al., 1993) 98bp deletion that severely affects the cytoplasmic domain. (Ramos et al., 1993) Point mutant. (Welshons and Welshons, 1986)
Cytology	Polytene chromosomes normal. Polytene chromosomes normal. (Lefevre and Green, 1972)
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	neuroanatomy defective (Larson et al., 2008) visible \| recessive (Tanenbaum et al., 2000)
Phenotype Manifest In
	adherens junction (Cordero et al., 2007) antennal disc (Reddy et al., 1999) antennal segment 3 sensillum (Reddy et al., 1999) cell-cell junction (Bao and Cagan, 2005) embryonic somatic muscle \| ectopic (Strunkelnberg et al., 2001) eye (Bao and Cagan, 2005) eye disc (Grzeschik and Knust, 2005) interommatidial bristle \| ectopic (Tanenbaum et al., 2000) inter-ommatidial cell \| supernumerary (Larson et al., 2008) inter-ommatidial precursor cell \| pupal stage P6 (Cordero et al., 2007) inter-ommatidial precursor cell \| pupal stage P7 (Bao and Cagan, 2005) ommatidial precursor cluster (Vishnu et al., 2006) ommatidium (Tanenbaum et al., 2000, Bao and Cagan, 2005) presumptive embryonic/larval muscle system (Strunkelnberg et al., 2001) primary pigment cell (Larson et al., 2008) sensillum basiconicum of antennal segment 3 (Reddy et al., 1999)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Hemizygous rst[6] retinas exhibit supernumerary inter-ommatidial pigment cells (IPCs) that are poorly patterned. The IPCs do not undergo the normal cell intercalation that would produce a single layer of cells between ommatidia. These cells have the ability and tendency toward movement. However, these movements are undirected and hence there is no resolution of the IPC lattice into a single layer of cells. The undirected cell movements continue through at least 24-28 hours a.p.f. Primary pigment cell precursors are properly differentiated, but during their early development, the primary pigment cells tend to abnormally contact each other. However, most of these contacts are resolved over time. (Larson et al., 2008) In rst[6]/Y animals, rearrangement of adherens junctions between inter-ommatidial precursor cells from 18-31 hours APF is partially disrupted, as is arrangement of these cells into an orderly array. (Cordero et al., 2007) In the eye disc of hemizygous rst⁶ flies, cell sorting does not occur, leading to an excess of surviving interommatidial precursor cells. In contrast, rst⁶/+ eye discs display no strong sorting defects and only occasionally have supernumerary interommatidial precursor cells. (Vishnu et al., 2006) In the developing eyes of hbs[IR.Scer\UAS]; Scer\GAL4[GMR.PF] animals at 24 hours APF, ommatidial cores are largely normal, but inter-ommatidial precursor cells (IPCs) fail to sort into a single line as in wild-type; subsequent patterning steps of these cells are arrested. By 30 hours APF, these cells have abnormally large apical profiles and fail to form typically scalloped contacts with primary pigment cells or to minimize contacts with neighboring inter-ommatidial cells. Cell junctions still form between primary precursors and IPCs, although the normal polarization of some junction components is disrupted. In more mature eyes, 3 or more cells often share a single tertiary pigment cell niche and interommatidial bristle precursors fail to move to their correct location. The result is a rough adult eye phenotype due to disorganized arrangement of ommatidia. In the developing eyes rst[6]/+ animals at 42 hours APF, the arrangement of inter-ommatidial precursors is mildly disrupted: most commonly, 2 cells occupy a single tertiary pigment (3') cell niche (17% of 3' niches); occasionally, secondary pigment cells invade a tertiary niche. (Bao and Cagan, 2005) Mutant pupal eye discs do not show elimination of surplus interommatidial (lattice) cells (which occurs in wild-type discs) and disruption of cell sorting is seen. (Grzeschik and Knust, 2005) Homozygous muscles show thin muscles and sometimes lack muscles entirely in some segments. Furthermore, embryos exhibit muscles in ectopic positions. (Strunkelnberg et al., 2001) Many ectopic interommatidial bristles are visible throughout the interommatidial lattice in mature mutant pupal retinas. Adult eyes have a rough surface with misaligned ommatidial rows. (Tanenbaum et al., 2000) The total number of sensilla on the antenna are comparable to wild-type controls, but spacing between adjacent sensilla is altered and there are regions where the sense organs appear in tufts. Clusters of 6 to 8 sensilla basiconica often appear to fall into a pit in the epidermis. The total number of sensory founder cells in the antennal disc is comparable to wild type, but the pattern of the founder cells is disorganised. The pattern of apoptotic nuclei in third larval instar antennal discs is no different from wild type. (Reddy et al., 1999) Severe eye phenotype. (Reiter et al., 1996) Rough eye phenotype. (Ramos et al., 1993) Individuals homozygous for Bpt¹ and rst⁶ exhibit no Bpt¹ phenotype. (Duus et al., 1992) Occasional extra secondary pigment cells within the eye. Low levels of cell death are seen in the larval eye disc leading to a disorganised retinal lattice. (Wolff and Ready, 1991) Spacing of arcs along the posterior of the morphogenetic furrow appears normal. (Wolff and Ready, 1991) No defects in optic chiasm. (Boschert et al., 1990) e(fa^swb)¹ rst⁶ flies have slightly rough eyes. (Welshons and Welshons, 1986) Timing of adult emergence is normal. (Lefevre and Green, 1972) viability normal in both sexes no vt effect
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference rst⁶ has neuroanatomy defective phenotype, enhanceable by α-Cat^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-sg}/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF (Larson et al., 2008)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference rst⁶/rst[+] is an enhancer of increased cell number \| pupal stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, pyd^{3.dsRNA.Scer\UAS} (Seppa et al., 2008)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference rst⁶ is a suppressor of planar polarity defective phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, cindr^{dsRNA.PC.PD.Scer\UAS} (Johnson et al., 2008)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference rst⁶ has inter-ommatidial precursor cell \| pupal stage P7 phenotype, enhanceable by hbs²⁵⁹³/hbs[+] (Bao and Cagan, 2005) rst⁶ has ommatidial precursor cluster phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^MZ1369/X11L^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS} (Vishnu et al., 2006)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference rst⁶/rst[+] is an enhancer of inter-ommatidial precursor cell \| supernumerary \| pupal stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, pyd^{3.dsRNA.Scer\UAS} (Seppa et al., 2008) rst⁶/rst[+] is an enhancer of ommatidial precursor cluster phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, X11L^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS} (Vishnu et al., 2006)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference rst⁶ is a suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, cindr^{dsRNA.PC.PD.Scer\UAS} (Johnson et al., 2008) rst⁶ is a suppressor of pigment cell phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, cindr^{dsRNA.PC.PD.Scer\UAS} (Johnson et al., 2008) rst⁶ is a suppressor of primary pigment cell phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, cindr^{dsRNA.PC.PD.Scer\UAS} (Johnson et al., 2008) rst⁶ is a suppressor of secondary pigment cell phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, cindr^{dsRNA.PC.PD.Scer\UAS} (Johnson et al., 2008) rst⁶ is a suppressor of tertiary pigment cell phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, cindr^{dsRNA.PC.PD.Scer\UAS} (Johnson et al., 2008)
Other
Statement Reference hbs²⁵⁹³/hbs[+], rst⁶ has interommatidial bristle \| pupal stage P7 phenotype (Bao and Cagan, 2005)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference Pupae heterozygous for rst[6] exhibit mild but consistent suppression of the Scer\GAL4[GMR.PF]>cindr[dsRNA.PC.PD.Scer\UAS] phenotype. The prevalence of cone and 1[o] cell defects is decreased and the number of 2[o] and 3[o] cells is reduced to slightly below normal. (Johnson et al., 2008) Expression of Scer\GAL4[GMR.PF] driven α-Cat[Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-sg] leads to a mild enhancement of some of the rst[6] pupal retina phenotypes. (Larson et al., 2008) One copy of rst[6] strongly enhances the increase in inter-ommatidial precursor cell number seen when pyd[3.dsRNA.Scer\UAS] is expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4[GMR.PF]. (Seppa et al., 2008) Expression of one copy of X11L^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS}, driven by Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, in a rst⁶/+ background leads to severe cell sorting defects in eye discs, similar to those seen in rst⁶ homozygotes. (Vishnu et al., 2006) The mild defects in the arrangement of inter-ommatidial precursor cells seen in rst[6]/+ animals at 42 hours APF are enhanced by hbs[2593]/+: the percentage of abnormal tertiary pigment cell niches is increased from 17-37% with some niches completely lacking a tertiary pigment cell. In addition, inter-ommatidial bristles are occasionally missing and some secondary pigment cells have abnormal morphology. (Bao and Cagan, 2005)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Comments
Stocks ( 4 )
Bloomington	1528 gt^Q292 rst⁶/FM7a 1530 y¹ gt^E6 rst⁶
Kyoto	106368 gt^Q292 rst⁶/FM7a 106370 y¹ gt^E6 rst⁶
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 6 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	irreC^CT (Grzeschik and Knust, 2005) irreC-rst^CT (Tanenbaum et al., 2000) rst⁶ (Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Popodi et al., 2010-) rst^16172.646 (Lefevre and Green, 1972, ) rst^CT (Vishnu et al., 2005, Dworak et al., 2001, Frohlich, 2001, Reddy et al., 1999, Reiter et al., 1996, Araujo et al., 1996, Schneider et al., 1995, Ramos et al., 1993, Ramos et al., 1993, Ramos et al., 1991, Wolff and Ready, 1991, Wolff and Ready, 1991, Ramos et al., 1991, Boschert et al., 1990, Welshons and Welshons, 1986, Vishnu et al., 2006, Simon et al., 2009, Bao and Cagan, 2005, Cordero et al., 2007, Larson et al., 2008, Johnson et al., 2008, Seppa et al., 2008) rst^ct (Duus et al., 1992)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 33 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 33 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 23 ) Personal communication to FlyBase ( 5 ) Abstract ( 5 )
Recent research papers (0)
	All research papers listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show research papers ...

Allele Dmel\rst6

Allele Dmel\rst⁶