Allele Dmel\S¹

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\S¹	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0015108
Feature type	allele	Created / Updated	2006-08-22/2006-08-22
Associated gene	Dmel\S

Allele class
Mutagen	spontaneous
Nature of the Allele
Allele class
Mutagen	spontaneous (Lewis, 1945, Higson et al., 1993)
Mapped Features and Mutations
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Mutation is not visible cytologically. Southern blots reveal a breakpoint between coordinates -12.0 and -12.5. (Higson et al., 1993)
Assay mode
Cytology	Polytene chromosomes normal. (Lewis, 1945)
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal \| recessive (Lewis, 1945) lethal \| embryonic stage (Diaz-Benjumea et al., 1989) visible (Mohr, 1925) visible \| dominant (Lewis, 1945)
Phenotype Manifest In
	longitudinal connective (Sonnenfeld and Jacob, 1994) midline glial cell (Sonnenfeld and Jacob, 1994, Klambt et al., 1991) VUM1 neuron (Sonnenfeld and Jacob, 1994) VUM2 neuron (Sonnenfeld and Jacob, 1994) VUM3 neuron (Sonnenfeld and Jacob, 1994) VUM4 neuron (Sonnenfeld and Jacob, 1994) VUM5 neuron (Sonnenfeld and Jacob, 1994) VUM6 neuron (Sonnenfeld and Jacob, 1994) MP1 neuron (Sonnenfeld and Jacob, 1994) eye (Mohr, 1925, Kolodkin et al., 1994, Marenda et al., 2004, Lewis, 1945) ommatidium (Mohr, 1925, Kolodkin et al., 1994, Lewis, 1945) anterior commissure (Klambt et al., 1991) posterior commissure (Klambt et al., 1991) eye photoreceptor cell (Kolodkin et al., 1994) denticle belt \| ventral (Simcox, 1997) Keilin's organ (Simcox, 1997) ovariole \| germ-line clone (Ruden et al., 1999) interommatidial bristle (Lewis, 1945)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Heterozygotes have slightly reduced eyes with irregularly shaped facets and disarranged facet hairs. (Lewis, 1945) Anterior and posterior commissure fuse. Initial development of the axon commissures appears normal but the axon tracts fail to separate at the time of midline glia migration. Midline glial cells appear and then die. (Klambt et al., 1991) S¹/+ shows a slight rough eye phenotype. A few ommatidia are missing R cells. Mosaic analysis suggests that neuronal development does not take place when S function is missing. (Kolodkin et al., 1994) In stage 12/3 homozygous embryos the commissures are thicker and narrower than wild type and by stage 14 they remain incompletely separated. In stage 12/5 embryos the wild type number of midline glia are present but appear tightly clustered and displayed dorsally. Reduction in cell number from stage 13 until 14. Reduction in the VUM cell number at stage 11, during stage 13 half the wild type number of neurons migrate ventrally, these are still present at stage 14. MP1 neurons appear wild-type at stage 13 but there is a reduction in number. In stage 14 embryos there is a reduced number of en⁺ neurons present at the midline. (Sonnenfeld and Jacob, 1994) Projection patterns of retinal axons in heterozygous larvae are indistinguishable from wild type. (Sawamoto et al., 1996) S¹/S^IIN embryos exhibit deletion of the ventral denticles and Keilin's organs are missing or defective. Wing, leg, haltere and eye/antenna S¹/S^IIN mutant discs can be in vivo cultured. (Simcox, 1997) Homozygous female germline clones do not develop beyond stage 1 of oogenesis. (Ruden et al., 1999) Heterozygotes do not have defects in the ovary. (Yan and Macdonald, 2004)
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference S¹ has visible \| dominant phenotype, enhanceable by ast^rv3 (Lewis, 1945) S¹ has visible phenotype, enhanceable by ast^K6/ast[+] (Kotarski et al., 1998) S¹ has visible \| dominant phenotype, enhanceable by ast¹ (Lewis, 1945) S¹ has visible \| dominant phenotype, enhanceable by E(S)¹ (Lewis, 1945) S¹ has visible phenotype, enhanceable by ml¹ (Mohr, 1925)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference S¹ is an enhancer of visible phenotype of rux³ (Thomas et al., 1994)
Other
Statement Reference S¹, ast⁴ has visible \| dominant phenotype (Lewis, 1945, Lewis, 1945) S¹, ast² has lethal \| dominant phenotype (Lewis, 1945, Lewis, 1945) S¹, ast³ has viable phenotype (Lewis, 1945, Lewis, 1945) S¹, ast³ has visible \| dominant phenotype (Lewis, 1945, Lewis, 1945) S¹, amos^Roi-1 has viable phenotype (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) S¹, ast^rv3 has visible \| dominant phenotype (Lewis, 1945)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference S¹ has phenotype, enhanceable by ast⁴ S¹ has eye phenotype, enhanceable by ast⁴ (Lewis, 1945) S¹ has eye phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr[+]/Egfr^E1 (Kolodkin et al., 1994) S¹ has eye phenotype, enhanceable by Egfr[+]/Egfr^f6 (Kolodkin et al., 1994) S¹ has phenotype, enhanceable by ast^rv3 S¹ has eye phenotype, enhanceable by ast^rv3 (Lewis, 1945) S¹ has eye phenotype, enhanceable by ast^K6/ast[+] (Kotarski et al., 1998) S¹ has phenotype, enhanceable by ast⁵ S¹ has phenotype, enhanceable by ast^X S¹ has phenotype, enhanceable by e(S)¹ S¹ has eye phenotype, enhanceable by ast¹ (Lewis, 1945) S¹ has ommatidium phenotype, enhanceable by ast¹ (Lewis, 1945) S¹ has eye phenotype, enhanceable by E(S)¹ (Lewis, 1945) S¹ has eye phenotype, enhanceable by ml¹ (Mohr, 1925) S¹ has ommatidium phenotype, enhanceable by ml¹ (Mohr, 1925)
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference S¹ has eye phenotype, non-enhanceable by Snr1^E1 (Marenda et al., 2004)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference S¹ has eye phenotype, non-suppressible by Snr1^E1 (Marenda et al., 2004) S¹ has phenotype, non-suppressible by su(Hw)² (Lindsley and Grell, 1968)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference S¹ is an enhancer of phenotype of csw^lf (Firth et al., 2000) S¹ is an enhancer of eye phenotype of rux³ (Thomas et al., 1994) S[+]/S¹ is an enhancer of ovary phenotype of Df(2L)esc-P2-0/aret^PD (Yan and Macdonald, 2004) S[+]/S¹ is an enhancer of ovary phenotype of aret^PA/aret^PD (Yan and Macdonald, 2004) S[+]/S¹ is an enhancer of ovary phenotype of aret^QB/aret^PD (Yan and Macdonald, 2004) S[+]/S¹ is an enhancer of eye phenotype of Egfr^E1 (Kolodkin et al., 1994)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference ast¹/S¹ is a suppressor of phenotype of px^unspecified (Lewis, 1945) S¹ is a suppressor of phenotype of px^unspecified (Lewis, 1945) S[+]/S¹ is a suppressor of wing vein \| ectopic phenotype of Snr1^E1 (Marenda et al., 2004) ast¹/S¹ is a suppressor of phenotype of net^unspecified (Lewis, 1945) S¹ is a suppressor of phenotype of net^unspecified (Lewis, 1945) S¹ is a suppressor of phenotype of Dl³ (Schultz, 1929)
Other
Statement Reference S¹, ast⁴ has eye phenotype (Lewis, 1945) S¹, ast⁴ has wing vein phenotype (Lewis, 1945, Lewis, 1945) S¹, ast³ has eye phenotype (Lewis, 1945, Lewis, 1945) S¹, ast^rv3 has eye phenotype (Lewis, 1945)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference ml¹ enhances the irregular distribution of the ommatidia seen in S¹ flies. (Mohr, 1925) The phenotype is dominantly enhanced by ast¹: double heterozygotes have extremely small, diamond-shaped eyes in which many of the facets are fused and the remainder are irregular in size and distribution. The phenotype is dominantly enhanced by E(S)¹. Lethal in double heterozygous combination with ast². S¹ ast³ flies are late hatching, those flies which emerge have good viability and fertility, normal wing venation and extremely small eyes. S¹/ast⁴ flies have smaller eyes than S¹/+ flies and they also occasionally have gaps at the tips of the longitudinal wing veins. Partially suppresses the phenotype of net^unspecified or px^unspecified homozygotes. S¹/ast¹ tends to completely suppress the phenotype of net^unspecified or px^unspecified homozygotes. ast^rv3 produces a slightly rougher eye than that characteristic of S¹/+ in combination with S¹. (Lewis, 1945) In S¹/ast¹ transheterozygotes the eyes are reduced in size and many ommatidia are missing. (Kolodkin et al., 1994) The dominant rough eye phenotype caused by S¹ is not affected if Snr1^E1 is also present. (Marenda et al., 2004) Oogenesis arrests at the germarial stage in S¹ aret^PD/Df(2L)esc-P2-0 females. The ovarioles fail to bud off into individual egg chambers and instead, multiple undifferentiated germ cells appear in the severely truncated ovarioles. Oogenesis arrests at stage 6/7 in S¹ aret^PA/aret^PD females. Oogenesis arrests at about stage 3 in S¹ aret^PD/aret^QB females and no oocyte is specified. The oogenesis defects of S¹ aret^PD/Df(2L)esc-P2-0 females are partially suppressed by one copy of Df(3R)M-Kx1; egg chambers bud off from the germarium, although they are abnormal - each egg chamber has more than the normal number of 16 germ cells and no oocyte is specified. Df(3R)Dl-BX12 dominantly alters the ovary phenotype of S¹ aret^PD/Df(2L)esc-P2-0 females; the germarium is greatly expanded to produce a large volume of germ cells surrounded by a layer of follicle cells. The oogenesis arrest phenotype of S¹ aret^PD/Df(2L)esc-P2-0 females is suppressed by Df(3R)mbc-R1/+. (Yan and Macdonald, 2004)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Fails to complement	S^Kojak (Ruden et al., 1999)
Rescued by	S¹ is rescued by S^hs.8 (Kolodkin et al., 1994)
Comments
Stocks ( 63 )
Bloomington	8616 S¹/SM1; Sb¹/TM6 389 S¹ wg^Sp-1 ab² ltd¹/SM5 217 al¹ S¹ ast¹ dpp^d-ho/SM1 4344 S¹ wg^Sp-1 amos^Tft nw^B Pin^Yt/CyO
Kyoto	101357 CyO, S¹ cn¹ bw¹ / Df(2L)Sd57, bw¹ 103287 Df(2R)vg135 / CyO, S¹ dp^ov1 cn² bw¹ 107694 S¹ wg^Sp-1 Tft¹ nw^B Pin^Yt/CyO 101957 CyO, S¹ cn¹ bw¹ ; T(2;3)8r1, cn¹ bw¹ 101958 CyO, S¹ cn¹ bw¹ ; T(2;3)8r3, cn¹ bw¹ 101959 CyO, S¹ cn¹ bw¹ ; T(2;3)8r4, cn¹ bw¹ 101960 CyO, S¹ cn¹ bw¹ ; T(2;3)8r6, cn¹ bw¹ 101961 CyO, S¹ cn¹ bw¹ ; T(2;3)8r8, cn¹ bw¹
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Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Bridges, 21st Feb. 1915.

Comments
	Dominantly enhances the mutant eye phenotype of rux³. (Thomas et al., 1994)
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 2 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	S (Lewis, 1945, Schultz, 1929, Mohr, 1925) S¹
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBal0030529
References ( 25 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 25 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 22 ) Book ( 3 )
Recent research papers (0)
	All research papers listed in FlyBase were published before 2006 Show research papers ...

Allele Dmel\S1

Allele Dmel\S¹