Allele Dmel\sd^58d

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\sd^58d	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0015364
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\sd
Also Known As	sd⁵⁸

Allele class	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	gamma ray
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence (Williams et al., 1993)
Mutagen	gamma ray (Campbell et al., 1991)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference
Caused by aberration	In(1)sd^58d (Campbell et al., 1991)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	mitotic cell cycle defective (Srivastava and Bell, 2003) visible (Srivastava et al., 2004) visible, with Scer\GAL4^vg.int2.1, sd^Scer\UAS.cVa (Legent et al., 2006) visible (with sd^ETX4) (Srivastava et al., 2004) visible \| recessive (Williams et al., 1993)
Phenotype Manifest In
	crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^vg.int2.1, sd^Scer\UAS.cVa (Legent et al., 2006) haltere (Srivastava et al., 2002) macrochaeta & wing (Campbell et al., 1992) wing (Srivastava et al., 2002, Chow et al., 2004, Srivastava et al., 2004, Srivastava and Bell, 2003, Campbell et al., 1991) wing, with Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary, sd^{Δ88-123.Scer\UAS} (Chow et al., 2004) wing, with Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary, sd^{Δ88-159.Scer\UAS} (Chow et al., 2004) wing, with Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary, sd^{Δ124-159.Scer\UAS} (Chow et al., 2004) wing, with Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary, sd^{Δ160-219.Scer\UAS} (Chow et al., 2004) wing, with Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary, sd^{Δ200.Scer\UAS} (Chow et al., 2004) wing, with Scer\GAL4^vg.int2.1, sd^Scer\UAS.cVa (Legent et al., 2006) wing (with sd^ETX4) (Srivastava et al., 2004) wing \| heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary, sd^Scer\UAS.cSa (Chow et al., 2004) wing \| heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary, sd^{Δ87.Scer\UAS} (Chow et al., 2004) wing blade, with Scer\GAL4^vg.int2.1, sd^Scer\UAS.cVa (Legent et al., 2006) wing disc (Srivastava and Bell, 2003) wing disc \| somatic clone (Liu et al., 2000) wing hinge, with Scer\GAL4^vg.int2.1, sd^Scer\UAS.cVa (Legent et al., 2006) wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^vg.int2.1, sd^Scer\UAS.cVa (Legent et al., 2006)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference The severity of wing defects caused by expression of sd^Scer\UAS.cVa under the control of Scer\GAL4^vg.int2.1 is suppressed by sd^58d/+; in the double mutant flies 61% have a "mild" phenotype (wings are significantly reduced, few veins and crossveins are still distinguishable), 34% have a "severe" phenotype (wing blade growth is severely impaired) and 5% have an "extreme" phenotype (thorax flight appendages are completely missing and no hinge structures are present). (Legent et al., 2006) Expression of one of sd^{Δ200.Scer\UAS}, sd^{Δ124-159.Scer\UAS}, sd^{Δ88-159.Scer\UAS}, sd^{Δ160-219.Scer\UAS} and sd^{Δ88-123.Scer\UAS} when driven by Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary, lead to an enhancement of the wing phenotype seen in sd^ETX4 mutants. Expression of either sd^{Δ87.Scer\UAS} or sd^Scer\UAS.cSa driven by Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary can either rescue the sd^58d defective wing phenotype, or can actually make this phenotype more severe, depending on the insertion lines used. The effect of these insertions is also temperature sensitive, with certain insertions suppressing the sd^58d phenotype at one temperature and enhancing it at another. (Chow et al., 2004) Dorsal medial muscles in sd^58d mutants display no obvious phenotype. (Bernard et al., 2003) Mutant wing discs show a lower number of mitotically active cells, as well as a smaller wing pouch. Mutant animals small malformed small wings. (Srivastava and Bell, 2003) Mutant animals show extensive loss of wing tissue and diminutive halteres. (Srivastava et al., 2002) In developing imaginal discs, sd^58d mutant clones can sometimes be recovered even 4 days after clone induction in proximal regions of the wing blade, but not in distal regions. (Liu et al., 2000) Strong wing reduction. (Williams et al., 1993) Ectopic bristles on the distal wing blade. (Campbell et al., 1992) Incomplete penetrance of the nibbled wing margin phenotype. Ectopic bristles are never seen on the wing veins. (Campbell et al., 1991) Wings reduced to vestiges, like vg. Halteres and bristles also like vg. sd^58d/sd has strap-shaped wing. Temperature sensitive; effects of temperature pulses at different developmental stages suggest that wing areas eliminated in a specific order (Simpson, Lawrence and Maschat, 1981). RK2A.
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Suppressed by
Statement Reference sd^58d has mitotic cell cycle defective phenotype, suppressible by sd::vg^{Scer\UAS.sdTEA}/Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary (Srivastava and Bell, 2003)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference sd^58d is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1, vg^Scer\UAS.cKa/vg^Scer\UAS.cKa (Simmonds et al., 1998)
Phenotype Manifest In
Suppressed by
Statement Reference Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary, sd^58d, sd^Scer\UAS.cSa has wing phenotype, suppressible by vg^Scer\UAS.cKa/vg^Scer\UAS.cKa/Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary (Chow et al., 2004) Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary, sd^{Δ200.Scer\UAS}, sd^58d has wing phenotype, suppressible by vg^Scer\UAS.cKa/vg^Scer\UAS.cKa/Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary (Chow et al., 2004) sd^58d has haltere phenotype, suppressible by sd::vg^{Scer\UAS.sdTEA}/Scer\GAL4^vg.PM (Srivastava et al., 2002) sd^58d has wing disc phenotype, suppressible by sd::vg^{Scer\UAS.sdTEA}/Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary (Srivastava and Bell, 2003) sd^58d has wing phenotype, suppressible \| partially by wg^{Scer\UAS.T:Ecol\lacZ}/Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary (Srivastava and Bell, 2003) sd^58d has wing phenotype, suppressible by sd::vg^{Scer\UAS.sdTEA}/Scer\GAL4^vg.PM (Srivastava et al., 2002)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference sd^58d is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1, vg^Scer\UAS.cKa/vg^Scer\UAS.cKa (Simmonds et al., 1998) sd^58d is a suppressor of macrochaeta \| ectopic phenotype of Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1, sens^Scer\UAS.cNa (Srivastava and Bell, 2003) sd^58d is a suppressor of wing \| ectopic phenotype of Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1, vg^Scer\UAS.cKa/vg^Scer\UAS.cKa (Simmonds et al., 1998)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference The defective wing phenotypes seen when sd^Scer\UAS.cSa or sd^{Δ200.Scer\UAS} are expressed under control of Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary in sd^58d mutants is alleviated when vg^Scer\UAS.cKa is overexpressed. (Chow et al., 2004) sd[58d]/+, vg[null]/+ females display a wildtype wing phenotype. (Delanoue et al., 2004) In sens^Scer\UAS.cNa, Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1, sd^58d animals no ectopic bristles are seen on the wing. (Srivastava and Bell, 2003) The addition of sd::vg^{Scer\UAS.sdTEA} (driven by Scer\GAL4^vg.PM) to sd^58d animals, almost completely rescues the wing and haltere phenotype. The wing margin bristles are almost completely restored and the size of the haltere is also restored. (Srivastava et al., 2002) Flies expressing vg^Scer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1 show massive outgrowth of wing tissue from the eye. This phenotype is partially suppressed if the flies are heterozygous for sd^58d and completely suppressed if the flies are hemizygous for sd^58d. (Simmonds et al., 1998)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Not rescued by	sd^58d is not rescued by sd^{Δ96.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary (Chow et al., 2004) sd^58d is not rescued by sd^{Δ220-281.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary (Chow et al., 2004) sd^58d is not rescued by sd^{Δ220-344.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary (Chow et al., 2004) sd^58d is not rescued by sd^{Δ282-344.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL4^vg.boundary (Chow et al., 2004)
Comments
Stocks ( 1 )
Bloomington	9370 In(1)sd^58d, w^* sd^58d P{neoFRT}18A/FM7a
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Ives, 14th April 1958.

Comments
	Cis acting control mutant. (Williams et al., 1993)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 2 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	sd⁵⁸ (Cho and Irvine, 2004, Bernard et al., 2003, Lunde et al., 2003, Srivastava and Bell, 2003, Srivastava et al., 2002, Guss et al., 2001, Liu et al., 2000, Vaudin et al., 1999, Simmonds et al., 1998, Williams et al., 1993, Delanoue et al., 2002, Legent et al., 2006, Delanoue et al., 2004) sd^58d
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 19 )
Research paper	Legent et al., 2006, Genes Cells 11(8): 907--918 Cell cycle genes regulate vestigial and scalloped to ensure normal proliferation in the wing disc of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0193006] Cho and Irvine, 2004, Development 131(18): 4489--4500 Action of fat, four-jointed, dachsous and dachs in distal-to-proximal wing signaling. [FBrf0180144] Chow et al., 2004, Genome 47(5): 849--859 Ability of scalloped deletion constructs to rescue sd mutant wing phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0180321] Delanoue et al., 2004, Cell Death Differ. 11(1): 110--122 The Drosophila wing differentiation factor Vestigial-Scalloped is required for cell proliferation and cell survival at the dorso-ventral boundary of the wing imaginal disc. [FBrf0167376] Srivastava et al., 2004, Genetics 166(4): 1833--1843 Molecular and Functional Analysis of scalloped Recessive Lethal Alleles in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0174698] Bernard et al., 2003, Dev. Biol. 260(2): 391--403 Control of apterous by vestigial drives indirect flight muscle development in Drosophila. [FBrf0162051] Lunde et al., 2003, Development 130(2): 235--248 Activation of the knirps locus links patterning to morphogenesis of the second wing vein in Drosophila. [FBrf0155705] Srivastava and Bell, 2003, Mech. Dev. 120(5): 587--596 Further developmental roles of the Vestigial/Scalloped transcription complex during wing development in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0160975] Delanoue et al., 2002, Genes Cells 7(12): 1255--1266 Interaction between apterous and early expression of vestigial in formation of the dorso-ventral compartments in the Drosophila wing disc. [FBrf0155789] Srivastava et al., 2002, genesis 33(1): 40--47 A vestigial:scalloped TEA domain chimera rescues the wing phenotype of a scalloped mutation in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0149193] Guss et al., 2001, Science 292(5519): 1164--1167 Control of a genetic regulatory network by a selector gene. [FBrf0135948] Liu et al., 2000, Dev. Biol. 228(2): 287--303 Roles for scalloped and vestigial in regulating cell affinity and interactions between the wing blade and the wing hinge. [FBrf0132287] Vaudin et al., 1999, Development 126(21): 4807--4816 TONDU (TDU), a novel human protein related to the product of vestigial (vg) gene of Drosophila melanogaster interacts with vertebrate TEF factors and substitutes for Vg function in wing formation. [FBrf0125025] Simmonds et al., 1998, Genes Dev. 12(24): 3815--3820 Molecular interactions between vestigial and scalloped promote wing formation in Drosophila. [FBrf0105934] Williams et al., 1993, Development 117(2): 571--584 Pattern formation in a secondary field: a hierarchy of regulatory genes subdivides the developing Drosophila wing disc into discrete subregions. [FBrf0058089] Campbell et al., 1992, Genes Dev. 6: 367--379 The scalloped gene encodes a novel, evolutionarily conserved transcription factor required for sensory organ differentiation in Drosophila. [FBrf0056137] Campbell et al., 1991, Genetics 127: 367--380 Cloning and characterization of the scalloped region of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0054146] Ives, 1961, D. I. S. 35: 46 [New mutants report.] [FBrf0063539]
Abstract	Chow and Bell, 2003, A. Dros. Res. Conf. 44: 538A Functional dissection of scalloped (sd) in the context of wing development. [FBrf0154382]

Allele Dmel\sd58d

Allele Dmel\sd^58d