FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\sna[18]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\sna¹⁸

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0015904

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\sna

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

sna^IIG05, sna^IIG, snail^IIG, sna^II6, IIG05, snail¹⁸

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

loss of function allele

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Reuter et al., 1993, Arora and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992, Ray et al., 1991)

loss of function allele

(Parrish et al., 2006, Morize et al., 1998)

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12, Hemavathy et al., 1997, Roote, 1995.5.4, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Simpson, 1983)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Polytene chromosomes normal.

(Grau et al., 1984, Simpson, 1983)

Description

Amino acid replacement: H324Y.

(Gisselbrecht, 2021.1.22)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

point_mutation

2L:15,477,138..15,477,138 [-]

Nucleotide change:

C15477138T

Reported nucleotide change:

G15477138A

Amino acid change:

H324Y | sna-PA

Reported amino acid change:

H324Y

Comment:

The nucleotide change was reported relative to the positive (noncoding) strand.

(Gisselbrecht, 2021.1.22)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

abdominal dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaE & dendrite

(Parrish et al., 2006)

adult corpus allatum (with sna¹), with sna^Squish

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

adult Malpighian tubule Type II cell

(Denholm et al., 2003)

anterior midgut primordium

(Reuter et al., 1993)

dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaE & dendrite

(Parrish et al., 2006)

embryo | gastrula stage

(Hemavathy et al., 1997)

embryonic/larval hindgut | embryonic stage

(Jack and Myette, 1999)

Malpighian tubule

(Jack and Myette, 1999)

Malpighian tubule tip cell

(Jack and Myette, 1999)

posterior midgut primordium

(Reuter et al., 1993)

prothoracic gland (with sna¹), with sna^Squish

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

ventral denticle belt

(Grau et al., 1984)

ventral furrow

(Hemavathy et al., 2004, Grau et al., 1984)

visceral trunk mesoderm

(Reuter et al., 1993)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

sna¹⁸ mutants do not exhibit defects in nicotine sensitivity.

(Sanchez-Díaz et al., 2015)

sna¹/sna¹⁸;sna^Squish mutant embryos exhibit normal gastrulation.

In sna¹/sna¹⁸;sna^Squish mutant embryos the gland primordia degenerate and disappear.

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

Ventral cells of sna¹⁸ mutants fail to constrict productively during gastrulation.

(Martin et al., 2009)

The class I da neurons of sna¹⁸ mutants show dorsal overextension of primary dendrites as well as a severe reduction in lateral branching.

(Parrish et al., 2006)

Despite the loss of the caudal visceral mesoderm (CVM) stellate cells still remain though their numbers are strongly reduced.

(Denholm et al., 2003)

Malpighian tubules arrest early in their morphogenesis in homozygous embryos. The tubules are similar to those of wild-type embryos just after evagination, but the tubules are typically spherical at stages 16 and 17 (when they are elongated in wild-type embryos). The tip cells are seldom apparent and may be absent. The tubules remain fairly small, apparently ceasing cell division soon after they bud. The hindgut is often normal in shape and length but are sometimes shorter than normal.

(Jack and Myette, 1999)

Very little ventral cell invagination is seen by mid to late germ band extension.

(Hemavathy et al., 1997)

Patches of wild type cells injected into a twi, sna double mutant embryos undergo typical ventral shape changes, nuclear movements and apical constrictions, as long as they are in a region that would normally be occupied by prospective mesoderm.

(Leptin and Roth, 1994)

The endodermal part of the anterior midgut primordium does not become specified. The stomodeum invaginates almost normally, but no cells attach to its posterior surface and the stomodeum stays epithelial for a long time.

(Reuter and Leptin, 1994)

Defective in gonad assembly when in double mutant combination with twi.

(Warrior, 1994)

In spite of normal AMG and PMG invagination, neither anterior nor posterior midgut primordia shows any sign of extension towards each other, but remain as large mesenchymal cell masses immersed in yolk at the ends of the embryo. The cells of these primordia fail to arrange into an epithelium.

(Reuter et al., 1993)

Homozygous embryos do not form a ventral furrow. Mesectodermal domain is expanded.

(Arora and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992)

Interacts with RpII140^wimp maternal effect.

(Parkhurst and Ish-Horowicz, 1991)

sna⁸ embryos also mutant for twi have a few extra neuroblasts around the midline.

(Rao et al., 1991)

Dorsalized embryos: all cuticle cells along the dorsoventral axis behave like dorsal cells of the wild type embryo. zen expression pattern refines at stage 5, dpp pattern does not refine at all, twi and sna are expressed during late stages of embryogenesis.

(Ray et al., 1991)

No changes in phenotype of tor^13D embryos.

(Strecker et al., 1991)

Ventral furrow fails to form.

(Ashburner et al., 1990)

The ventral epithelium becomes thinner, due to the mesodermal cells becoming shorter and more cuboidal, in sna¹⁸ mutant embryos at germ band extension. The epithelium then buckles, forming irregular folds. As the germ band elongates, the epithelium straightens out again and the folds disappear. Two deep folds form where the dorsal ectoderm and neuroectoderm meet. Very few morphogenetic changes occur in sna¹⁸ Df(2R)twi double mutant embryos, with small transient indentations in the centre of the ventral surface being seen only occasionally.

(Leptin and Grunewald, 1990)

Homozygous females lay dorsalised eggs.

(Leiss et al., 1988)

Strong allele.

(Boulay et al., 1987)

Homozygous embryos fail to form a ventral furrow. Cephalic furrow formation, invagination of the endoderm and germ band elongation do take place in these embryos. Embryos show varying defects in the segmental denticle belts.

(Grau et al., 1984)

strong allele

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

sna¹⁸ is a non-enhancer of lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect phenotype of Gug^unspecified

(Zhang et al., 2002)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

sna¹⁸/sna[+] is a suppressor of visible | dominant phenotype of gcm^Pyx

(Popkova et al., 2012)

Phenotype Manifest In

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

sna¹⁸ has ventral furrow phenotype, suppressible by sna::wor^sna.sna-wor

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

sna¹⁸ has ventral furrow phenotype, non-suppressible by esg^sna.PA

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

sna¹⁸ has ventral furrow phenotype, non-suppressible by sna::wor^sna.wor-sna

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

sna¹⁸ has ventral furrow phenotype, non-suppressible by wor^sna.PA

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

sna¹⁸ is an enhancer of egg phenotype of Imp^UAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

(Geng and MacDonald, 2007)

sna¹⁸ is an enhancer of egg chorion phenotype of Imp^UAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

(Geng and MacDonald, 2007)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

sna¹⁸/sna[+] is a suppressor of chaeta | increased number phenotype of gcm^Pyx

(Popkova et al., 2012)

Other

Statement

Reference

Df(3L)H99, sna¹⁸/sna¹, sna^Squish has adult corpus allatum phenotype

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

Df(3L)H99, sna¹⁸/sna¹, sna^Squish has prothoracic gland phenotype

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

sna¹⁸, twi³ has corpus cardiacum primordium phenotype

(De Velasco et al., 2004)

Df(2R)twi, sna¹⁸ has ventral furrow phenotype

(Jazwinska et al., 1999)

fog^hs.PM, sna¹⁸ has embryo phenotype

(Morize et al., 1998)

sna¹⁸, twi³ has embryonic/larval midgut | embryonic stage phenotype

(Reuter and Leptin, 1994)

sna¹⁸, twi³ has stomodeum phenotype

(Reuter and Leptin, 1994)

Df(2R)twi, sna¹⁸ has embryonic/larval midgut | embryonic stage phenotype

(Reuter and Leptin, 1994)

Df(2R)twi, sna¹⁸ has stomodeum phenotype

(Reuter and Leptin, 1994)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

The addition of a Df(3L)H99 background (blocking apoptosis), results in the survival of the corpora allata and prothoracic glands in sna¹/sna¹⁸;sna^Squish mutant embryos, but they do not undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition. As a result, the gland primordia maintain epithelial polarity, do not migrate, and form small pouches that remain attached to the epidermis.

(Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014)

sna¹⁸ is a moderate enhancer of the Imp^Scer\UAS.cGa (Scer\GAL4^{mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16}) dorsalisation phenotype.

(Geng and MacDonald, 2007)

The stomatogastric nervous system is intact in twi³ sna¹⁸ double mutant stage 16 embryos, but the corpus cardiacum is absent.

(De Velasco et al., 2004)

sna¹⁸ Df(2R)twi embryos do not form a ventral furrow. brk^M68; dpp^H46 sna¹⁸ Df(2R)twi quadruple mutant embryos secrete cuticles showing partial transformation of ventral into dorsal epidermis.

(Jazwinska et al., 1999)

Heat-induced fog^hs.PM expression fails to induce ventral furrow formation, cells do exhibit apical flattening.

(Morize et al., 1998)

Embryos mutant for both sna and twi do not form an anterior midgut or a stomodeum.

(Reuter and Leptin, 1994)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Fails to complement

sna^Sco-rv15

(Grau et al., 1984)

sna⁶

(Grau et al., 1984)

sna⁵

(Grau et al., 1984)

sna⁴

(Grau et al., 1984)

sna³

(Grau et al., 1984)

sna²

(Grau et al., 1984)

sna¹

(Grau et al., 1984)

Rescued by

sna¹⁸/sna¹ is rescued by sna^+t24.8

(Dunipace et al., 2011)

sna¹⁸ is rescued by sna^sna.ΔM6

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

sna¹⁸ is rescued by sna^sna.ΔM2

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

sna¹⁸ is rescued by sna^sna.ΔM7

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

sna¹⁸ is rescued by sna^sna.ΔM3

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

sna¹⁸ is rescued by sna^sna.ΔM5

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

sna¹⁸ is rescued by sna^cAa

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

sna¹⁸ is rescued by sna^sna.ΔM4

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

sna¹⁸ is rescued by sna^sna.CR

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

Partially rescued by

sna¹⁸/sna¹ is partially rescued by sna^24.8.GFP

(Dunipace et al., 2011)

sna¹⁸/sna¹ is partially rescued by sna^ΔProx

(Dunipace et al., 2011)

sna¹⁸ is partially rescued by sna^sna.mutR

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

sna¹⁸ is partially rescued by sna^sna.ΔM1

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

Not rescued by

sna¹⁸/sna¹ is not rescued by sna^ΔDistal

(Dunipace et al., 2011)

sna¹⁸/sna¹ is not rescued by sna^ΔPD

(Dunipace et al., 2011)

sna¹⁸/sna¹ is not rescued by sna^Squish

(Dunipace et al., 2011)

sna¹⁸ is not rescued by sna^sna.mutK

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

sna¹⁸ is not rescued by sna^sna.mutKR

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

sna¹⁸ is not rescued by sna^sna.C

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

sna¹⁸ is not rescued by sna^sna.N

(Hemavathy et al., 2004)

Comments

At 25[o]C, sna^ΔProx rescues 82% of sna¹/sna¹⁸ animals to viability. At 18[o]C, 94% are rescued and at 29[o]C 36% are rescued.

At 25[o]C, sna^+t24.8 rescues 91% of sna¹/sna¹⁸ animals to viability. At 18[o]C, 100% are rescued and at 29[o]C 100% are rescued.

sna^Squish and sna^DtoP each rescue the gastrulation defects of sna¹/sna¹⁸ embryos, but the animals are not rescued to adult viability.

(Dunipace et al., 2011)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (4)

Bloomington

2311

sna¹⁸ cn¹ bw¹ speck¹/CyO

3299

cn¹ sna¹⁸ twi³ bw¹ speck¹/CyO

Kyoto

106765

sna¹⁸ cn¹ bw¹ speck¹/CyO

106965

cn¹ sna¹⁸ twi³ bw¹ speck¹/CyO

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Nusslein-Volhard.

C. Nusslein-Volhard.

(Roote, 1995.5.4, Simpson, 1983)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (13)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

IIG05

(Hemavathy et al., 1997, Boulay et al., 1987)

IIGO5

(Roote, 1995.5.4)

sna^11G

(Mellerick and Nirenberg, 1995)

sna¹⁶⁰⁵

(Edgar et al., 1994)

sna¹⁸

(Gisselbrecht, 2021.1.22, Wu et al., 2021, Guo et al., 2019, Sarov et al., 2016, Rembold et al., 2014, Sánchez-Higueras et al., 2014, Tevy et al., 2014, Dunipace et al., 2011, Ismat et al., 2010, Geng and MacDonald, 2007, Parrish et al., 2006)

sna^IG

(Wimmer et al., 1995)

sna^II05

(Graba et al., 1994)

sna^II6

(Crozatier et al., 1999, Golembo et al., 1996)

snaIIG

(Leptin and Roth, 1994)

snail¹⁸

(Manning et al., 2013)

snail^IIG

(Kondo and Hayashi, 2013, Großhans and Wieschaus, 2000)

Name Synonyms

snail18

(Sanchez-Díaz et al., 2015)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (86)

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