Allele Dmel\spz²

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\spz²	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0016060
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\spz
Also Known As	spz¹⁹⁷

Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	locomotor rhythm defective (Zhu et al., 2008) neuroanatomy defective (Zhu et al., 2008)
Phenotype Manifest In

Detailed Description
	Statement Reference spz[2] mutant embryos exhibit aberrant targeting by the SNa motor axons. spz[2] flies can barely walk. (Zhu et al., 2008) Hemolymph clots from spz[2] third instar larvae show normal melanization. (Bidla et al., 2007) Homozygous females produce dorsalised embryos. (DeLotto and DeLotto, 1998) Level of Drs induction of bacterially challenged mutants is lower than in wild type. Pattern of response of CecA1 and CecA2 parallels that of Drs. Dpt and Dro remain fully inducible and pattern of expression of AttA and Def in intermediate. Infection of spz⁴/spz² mutants with A.fumigatus causes 3% survival 3 days postinfection, infection with E.coli causes 84% survival 3 days postinfection. (Lemaitre et al., 1996) Injection of snk^Δne.T:ea into the central region of homozygous embryos causes a dorsalized phenotype. (Smith and DeLotto, 1994) Perivitelline fluid from Tl and dl donors was capable of restoring polarized gastrulation movements and cuticular elements. (Stein and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992) Embryos derived from spz²/spz³ females are weakly dorsalised at 18^oC. The mesoderm and ventral furrow are reduced in size, and mesoderm only develops in the posterior part of the embryo. (Leptin and Grunewald, 1990) Embryos derived from homozygous females are dorsalised. (Carroll et al., 1987)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference NT1⁴¹, spz² has neuroanatomy defective phenotype, enhanceable by spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz5^e03444, spz² has neuroanatomy defective phenotype, enhanceable by NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² has increased cell death phenotype, enhanceable by Tl^r3/Df(3R)ro80b (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² has neuroanatomy defective phenotype, enhanceable by NT1⁴¹/spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008)
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference spz² has increased cell death phenotype, non-enhanceable by NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference spz²/NT1⁴¹ is an enhancer of neuroanatomy defective phenotype of spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz²/spz5^e03444 is an enhancer of neuroanatomy defective phenotype of NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² is an enhancer of increased cell death phenotype of Df(3R)ro80b, Tl^10b.Scer\UAS (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² is an enhancer of neuroanatomy defective phenotype of NT1⁴¹, spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference spz² is a non-enhancer of increased cell death phenotype of NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² is a non-enhancer of neuroanatomy defective phenotype of NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² is a non-enhancer of visible phenotype of os^GMR.PB (Bach et al., 2003)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference spz² is a non-suppressor of partially lethal - majority die \| recessive phenotype of cact⁷ (Qiu et al., 1998) spz² is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of os^GMR.PB (Bach et al., 2003)
Other
Statement Reference Df(3L)ED4342/NT1⁴¹, spz5^e03444, spz² has locomotor rhythm defective phenotype (Zhu et al., 2008) NT1⁴¹, spz5^e03444, spz² has locomotor rhythm defective phenotype (Zhu et al., 2008, Zhu et al., 2008) NT1⁴¹, spz² has lethal phenotype (Zhu et al., 2008, Zhu et al., 2008)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference NT1⁴¹, spz² has intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 phenotype, enhanceable by spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) NT1⁴¹, spz² has intersegmental nerve branch ISNd of A1-7 phenotype, enhanceable by spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) NT1⁴¹, spz² has segmental nerve phenotype, enhanceable by spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) NT1⁴¹, spz² has transverse nerve phenotype, enhanceable by spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz5^e03444, spz² has intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 phenotype, enhanceable by NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008) spz5^e03444, spz² has intersegmental nerve branch ISNd of A1-7 phenotype, enhanceable by NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008) spz5^e03444, spz² has segmental nerve phenotype, enhanceable by NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008) spz5^e03444, spz² has transverse nerve phenotype, enhanceable by NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² has intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 phenotype, enhanceable by NT1⁴¹/spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² has intersegmental nerve branch ISNd of A1-7 phenotype, enhanceable by NT1⁴¹/spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² has segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7 phenotype, enhanceable by NT1⁴¹/spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² has segmental nerve phenotype, enhanceable by NT1⁴¹/spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² has transverse nerve phenotype, enhanceable by NT1⁴¹/spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference spz²/NT1⁴¹ is an enhancer of intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 phenotype of spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz²/NT1⁴¹ is an enhancer of intersegmental nerve branch ISNd of A1-7 phenotype of spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz²/NT1⁴¹ is an enhancer of segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7 phenotype of spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz²/NT1⁴¹ is an enhancer of segmental nerve phenotype of spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz²/NT1⁴¹ is an enhancer of transverse nerve phenotype of spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz²/spz5^e03444 is an enhancer of intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 phenotype of NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008) spz²/spz5^e03444 is an enhancer of intersegmental nerve branch ISNd of A1-7 phenotype of NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008) spz²/spz5^e03444 is an enhancer of segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7 phenotype of NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008) spz²/spz5^e03444 is an enhancer of segmental nerve phenotype of NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008) spz²/spz5^e03444 is an enhancer of transverse nerve phenotype of NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² is an enhancer of intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 phenotype of NT1⁴¹, spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² is an enhancer of intersegmental nerve branch ISNd of A1-7 phenotype of NT1⁴¹, spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² is an enhancer of segmental nerve phenotype of NT1⁴¹, spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008) spz² is an enhancer of transverse nerve phenotype of NT1⁴¹, spz5^e03444 (Zhu et al., 2008)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference spz² is a non-enhancer of eye phenotype of os^GMR.PB (Bach et al., 2003) spz² is a non-enhancer of segmental nerve phenotype of NT1⁴¹ (Zhu et al., 2008)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference spz² is a non-suppressor of eye phenotype of os^GMR.PB (Bach et al., 2003)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference The SNa axonal phenotype of spz[2] NT1[41] double-mutant embryos is epistatic to spz. Levels of apoptosis increase in the CNS of spz[2] and Tl[r3]/Df(3R)ro80b mutant embryos, indicating that both spz and Tl are required for neuronal survival. Levels of apoptosis do not increase further in spz[2] NT1[41] double mutants (compared to spz[2] mutants). Whereas homozygous spz[2] flies can eclose as adults, the NT1[41] spz[2] double mutants are completely lethal (100% penetrance). The penetrance of both SNa and ISNb/d targeting defects increases in spz5[e03444] NT1[41] spz[2], compared to the double or single mutants. In the triple mutants, misrouting phenotypes can be very dramatic, and there are cases of loss of all ISNb/d motor axons (not seen in single mutants). Misrouting of the transverse nerve (TN) can be very dramatic in triple mutants, although milder effects in this nerve occur with comparable penetrance in all genotypes (~10%). Misroutings of ISN are negligible in single and double mutants, but they increase and can be dramatic in triple-mutant embryos (12.7%). NT1[41] spz5[e03444] / NT1[41] Df(3L)Exel6092 double mutant flies display a range of behavioral phenotypes including: inability to estimate the location of a petri dish rim, falling off a petri dish rim, sluggishness, inability to climb, and wobbling. (Zhu et al., 2008) Perivitelline fluid from embryos laid by Tl^rv13 spz⁴/Tl^rv4 spz² females does not show axis-inducing activity when injected into the perivitelline space of embryos derived from pip¹/pip² females. Perivitelline fluid from embryos laid by ea^D3 spz⁴/ea¹ spz² females does not show axis-inducing activity when injected into the perivitelline space of embryos derived from pip¹/pip² females. Perivitelline fluid from embryos laid by ea^D1 spz²/ea⁴ spz⁴ females shows axis-inducing activity when injected into the the perivitelline space of embryos derived from pip¹/pip² females. (Chang and Morisato, 2002) The zygotic semi-lethality of cact⁷ homozygotes is not suppressed by spz². (Qiu et al., 1998) Double mutant combinations with ea^D1 are strongly dorsalizing. (Chasan et al., 1992)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference The presence of one copy of spz[2] markedly reduces the number of flies with melanin deposits caused by expression of Hsap\CHMP2B[Intron5.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[GMR.PF]. (Ahmad et al., 2009)
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	spz² is rescued by spz^2.1 (DeLotto and DeLotto, 1998) spz² is rescued by spz^p4-8.19 (DeLotto et al., 2001) spz² is rescued by spz^p4-11.7 (DeLotto et al., 2001) spz² is rescued by spz^p4-11.15 (DeLotto et al., 2001)
Partially rescued by	spz² is partially rescued by spz^p4-8.20 (DeLotto et al., 2001) spz² is partially rescued by spz^p4-8.23 (DeLotto et al., 2001) spz² is partially rescued by spz^p4-8.24 (DeLotto et al., 2001) spz² is partially rescued by spz^p4-8.29 (DeLotto et al., 2001) spz² is partially rescued by spz^p4-11.5 (DeLotto et al., 2001) spz² is partially rescued by spz^p4-11.6 (DeLotto et al., 2001) spz² is partially rescued by spz^p4-11.27 (DeLotto et al., 2001) spz² is partially rescued by spz^p4-11.32 (DeLotto et al., 2001)
Comments	Microinjection of purified spz^2.1 protein into the perivitelline space of syncytial blastoderm stage embryos rescues embryonic phenotype: restores the ventrolateral pattern elements and normalises the dorsal-ventral axis of the recipient embryo. (DeLotto and DeLotto, 1998)
Stocks ( 2 )
Bloomington	3115 spz² ca¹/TM1
Kyoto	106855 spz² ca¹/TM1
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 3 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	spz197 (DeLotto and DeLotto, 1998) spz² (Zhu et al., 2008, Ahmad et al., 2009, Bidla et al., 2007, Cho et al., 2010, Gordon et al., 2008) spz¹⁹⁷ (Apidianakis et al., 2005, Bartoszewski et al., 2004, Chang and Morisato, 2002, DeLotto et al., 2001, Qiu et al., 1998, Levashina et al., 1998, Nicolas et al., 1998, Lemaitre et al., 1996, Lemaitre et al., 1995, Leptin and Roth, 1994, Smith and DeLotto, 1994, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Chasan et al., 1992, Stein and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992, Roth et al., 1991, Leptin and Grunewald, 1990, Carroll et al., 1987, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, DeLotto, 2001)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 27 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 27 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 25 ) Book ( 1 ) Stock list ( 1 )
Recent research papers (0)
	All research papers listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show research papers ...

Allele Dmel\spz2

Allele Dmel\spz²