Allele Dmel\sws¹

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\sws¹	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0016670
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\sws

Map ( GBrowse )
Allele class
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Nature of the Allele
Allele class
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References point mutation X:7,857,886..7,857,886 evidence=experimental reported_pr_change=S375@ na_change=C7857886A pr_change=S375@\|sws-PA reported_na_change=C1616A (Kretzschmar et al., 1997)
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference The sws¹ mutation produces a truncated polypeptide that terminates at residue 375, thus lacking the esterase domain. (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005) Amino acid replacement: S375@. Nucleotide substitution: C1616A. (Kretzschmar et al., 1997)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	neuroanatomy defective (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005) neuroanatomy defective \| adult stage (Wentzell et al., 2012)
Phenotype Manifest In
	adult brain (Kretzschmar et al., 1997, Wentzell et al., 2012) CNS glial cell (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005) cortex of lamina (Kretzschmar et al., 1997) neuropil (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference 14 day old vap[KS67] mutant flies show vacuoles in all parts of the brain. These increase dramatically with age. (Wentzell et al., 2012) sws¹ flies exhibit vacuolisation in the neuropil (due to degeneration of neurites) and the formation of membranous glial bodies. sws¹ flies exhibit a strong glial phenotype consisting of the formation of multilayered glial wrappings and subsequent glial cell death. (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005) Adults have vacuoles in all brain regions. This degeneration increases with age, as shown by an increased number of vacuoles and shrinking of the cell cortex. An increasing amount of cell death is also seen in the brain. Compact dark bodies are seen in the cortex, especially the lamina cortex. These structures are first seen during late pupal stages, and increase in size during aging of the adult. Approximately 10% of brain cortex neurons are enwrapped by multilayered membranes originating from nearby glia in newly eclosed flies. Membranous whorls are seen in older flies. Homozygotes adults show a significant reduction in lifespan compared to wild-type flies. (Kretzschmar et al., 1997) many Swiss-cheese-like holes seen in brain sections of adults (similar to phenotype observed in dying drd flies). Phenotype has become less extreme, apparently due to accumulation of modifiers (Heisenberg).
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Suppressed by
Statement Reference sws¹ has neuroanatomy defective \| adult stage phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Appl^{s.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1} (Wentzell et al., 2012) sws¹ has neuroanatomy defective \| adult stage phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Appl^{Scer\UAS.cCSa} (Wentzell et al., 2012) sws¹ has neuroanatomy defective phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Mmus\NTE^Scer\UAS.cMa (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005) sws¹ has neuroanatomy defective phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^loco.1.3/Mmus\NTE^Scer\UAS.cMa (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
Phenotype Manifest In
Suppressed by
Statement Reference sws¹ has adult brain phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Appl^{s.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1} (Wentzell et al., 2012) sws¹ has adult brain phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Appl^{Scer\UAS.cCSa} (Wentzell et al., 2012) sws¹ has CNS glial cell phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Mmus\NTE^Scer\UAS.cMa (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005) sws¹ has CNS glial cell phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^loco.1.3/Mmus\NTE^Scer\UAS.cMa (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005) sws¹ has neuropil phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Mmus\NTE^Scer\UAS.cMa (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference Expression of Appl[s.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1] under the control of Scer\GAL4[elav-C155] fails to suppress the vacuolisation seen in the brains of sws[1] mutant 14 day old males. Expression of Appl[Scer\UAS.cCSa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[elav-C155] fails to suppress the vacuolisation seen in the brains of sws[1] mutant 14 day old males. (Wentzell et al., 2012)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference Neuronal expression of Mmus\NTE^Scer\UAS.cMa, under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 rescues some aspects of the neuronal degeneration, namely the vacuolisation in the neuropil. Glial expression of Mmus\NTE^Scer\UAS.cMa, under the control of Scer\GAL4^loco.1.3 rescues the glial phenotype. Expression of Mmus\NTE^Scer\UAS.cMa in either neurons or glia (under the control of either Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 or Scer\GAL4^loco.1.3) restores the wild-type NTE-like activity (NTE-neuropathy target esterase). (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
Complementation & Rescue Data
Complements	sws^olfE-x26 (Kretzschmar et al., 1997)
Rescued by	sws¹ is rescued by sws^Scer\UAS.cMa/Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005) sws¹ is rescued by sws^Scer\UAS.cMa/Scer\GAL4^loco.1.3 (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
Not rescued by	sws¹ is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/sws^{S985D.Scer\UAS} (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005) sws¹ is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^loco.1.3/sws^{S985D.Scer\UAS} (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
Comments	Neuronal expression of sws^Scer\UAS.cMa, under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 rescues some aspects of sws¹ neuronal degeneration, namely the vacuolisation in the neuropil. Glial expression of sws^Scer\UAS.cMa, under the control of Scer\GAL4^loco.1.3 rescues the glial phenotype found in sws¹ mutants. Expression of sws^Scer\UAS.cMa in either neurons or glia (under the control of either Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 or Scer\GAL4^loco.1.3) restores the wild-type NTE-like activity (NTE-neuropathy target esterase). (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
Stocks ( 0 )

Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Heisenberg.
	Selected as: Anatomical defect (see FBrf0033934).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 2 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	HK151 sws¹ (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005, Wentzell et al., 2012)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 3 )
Research paper	Wentzell et al., 2012, Neurobiol. Disease 46(1): 78--87 Amyloid precursor proteins are protective in Drosophila models of progressive neurodegeneration. [FBrf0217742] Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005, J. Neurosci. 25(11): 2865--2873 Loss of Swiss cheese/neuropathy target esterase activity causes disruption of phosphatidylcholine homeostasis and neuronal and glial death in adult Drosophila. [FBrf0184093] Kretzschmar et al., 1997, J. Neurosci. 17(19): 7425--7432 The swiss cheese mutant causes glial hyperwrapping and brain degeneration in Drosophila. [FBrf0098827]

Allele Dmel\sws1

Allele Dmel\sws¹