Allele Dmel\Sxl^f1

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Sxl^f1	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0016680
Feature type	allele	Created / Updated	2006-08-22/2006-08-22
Associated gene	Dmel\Sxl

Allele class	amorph, loss of function
Mutagen	spontaneous
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorph (Maine et al., 1985, Cronmiller and Cline, 1986, Salz et al., 1987, Gorman et al., 1993, Bernstein and Cline, 1994, Palmer et al., 1994, Kelley et al., 1995) loss of function (Cline, 1983, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988, Nothiger et al., 1989, Anand and Chandra, 1994, Granadino et al., 1997)
Mutagen	spontaneous (Maine et al., 1985)
Mapped Features and Mutations
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Probably point mutation (no gross alteration in DNA). (Maine et al., 1985)
Assay mode
Carried on aberration	Binscop (FlyBase Curators, 2006-, Green, 2005.2.15)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	viable \| female \| reduced (Gorman et al., 1993) lethal \| female (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Nothiger et al., 1989) lethal \| female (with Sxl^fhv1) (Bhadra et al., 1997) lethal \| female \| recessive (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982, Granadino et al., 1991) lethal \| embryonic stage (Cline, 1983) female sterile \| recessive (Schutt et al., 1998)
Phenotype Manifest In
	intercalary heterochromatin & polytene chromosome \| female (with Sxl^fhv1) (Alekseyenko et al., 2002) ovary (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1994) gonad (Nothiger et al., 1989) egg (Schutt et al., 1998)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Sxl^f1/Sxl^f4 and Sxl^f1/Sxl^f5 female larvae have gonads that are female-like in size and morphology, although Sxl^f1/Sxl^f4 and Sxl^f1/Sxl^f5 adult females have ovaries filled with male-like multicellular cysts. (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1994) Sxl^K1274-1/Sxl^f1 individuals are lethal. (Sugimura et al., 1994) 50% females heteroallelic for Sxl^f1 and Sxl^fhv1 survive to the third instar larval stage and are mosaic for Sxl expression. (Palmer et al., 1994) Homozygous females invariably die as embryos but hemizygous males are fully viable and fertile. In most wild-type genetic backgrounds, heterozygous females exhibit normal viability and fertility, although occasionally display morphological defects characteristic of early cell death; however, can be dominant semi-lethal for females in some wild-type genetic backgrounds and under suboptimal growth conditions. In doubly heterozygous combination with otherwise recessive mutations in positive regulators of Sxl, this allele can behave as a dominant: heterozygote viability is reduced for daughters of da/+ females, as well as for females that are also heterozygotes for either sis-a, sis-b or snf. In some such doubly heterozygous situations, escaper females may be incompletely masculinized (mosaic intersex). Homozygosity for mutations in the autosomal male-specific lethal loci does not suppress recessive Sxl^f1 lethality, but it does partially masculinize Sxl^f1/+ females (generating mosaic intersexes) and suppresses cell-death-related morphological defects. Homozygous moribund embryos show sex-specific alterations in the phenotypic expression of hypomorphic X-linked alleles such as run²⁵, a reflection of upsets in dosage compensation (female hyperactivation). Depending on the time of induction, Sxl^f1/Sxl^f1 clones induced in Sxl^f1/+ females can be phenotypically male and reduced in size. 2X:3A animals homozygous or heterozygous for Sxl^f1 are viable but masculinized. In genetic mosaics and chimeras, Sxl^f1 homozygous germ cells develop abnormally and fail to generate functional gametes. In some situations, the mutant female tissue displays masculine traits. Sxl^f1 rescues males from the otherwise lethal effects of a simultaneous duplication of sis-a⁺ and sis-b⁺. canonical amorph Homozygous females do not survive. Some females heterozygous for Sxl^f1 and homozygous for mle¹, mle⁴, msl-1^unspecified, or msl-2¹ have sex combs on the basitarsi of their forelegs. (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Homozygotes die as embryos. The viability of triploid intersexes homozygous for Sxl^f1 is almost as high as that of triploid intersexes with wild-type Sxl function. Triploid intersexes that are carrying Sxl^f1 are masculinised. (Cline, 1983) Sxl^f1 heterozygous female progeny derived from heterozygous da¹ mothers have reduced viability. The viability is increased if the Sxl^f1/+ progeny are also carrying msl-3¹, and is decreased if the da¹/+ mothers are also carrying msl-3¹. The frequency of sex transformation in Sxl^f1/+ female progeny derived from da¹/+ mothers is increased if either the mothers or the progeny are homozygous for msl-3¹. The frequency of morphological abnormalities seen in Sxl^f1/+ female progeny derived from da¹/+ mothers is greatly reduced if the progeny are also homozygous for msl-3¹. (Uenoyama, 1984) Triploid intersexes with a chromosome ratio of 2X:3A are transformed to pseudomales in Sxl^f1 heterozygotes which are also tra mutants. The gonads form well developed and nicely coiled testes, which are mostly filled with spermatogenic germ cells which were usually arrested at the spermatocyte stage. (Nothiger et al., 1989) The germ cell death associated with ovo^D1rv23 during early gastrulation is suppressed in Sxl^f1 homozygotes. (Oliver et al., 1990) 80% of female sc^sisB-1/sc^10-1 embryos die. All female sc^sisB-1/sc^10-1 embryos heterozygous for Sxl^f1 die. Female embryos heterozygous for sc^sisB-1 and Sxl^f1, and deficient for one copy of sisA show 75% lethality. (Torres and Sanchez, 1991) Lethal in heterozygous combination with Df(1)N71 or Df(1)svr. (Granadino et al., 1991) Restores 100% viability to males carrying a duplication of sc⁺ and heterozygous for dpn⁺, that would otherwise have only 50% viability. (Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992) Heterozygotes with Df(1)HF396 have drastically reduced viability. (Torres and Sanchez, 1992) Viability of Sxl^f1/Sxl^fhv1 females reduced compared to wild type, but some individuals survive into larvae and a few survive to adult hood. The larvae are mosaic for Sxl function: Sxl protein is bound to X chromosomes in approximately half of the cells in the salivary glands, mle protein is bound to X chromosomes in those cells where Sxl is not. Sxl^f1/Sxl^fhv1 females that are also homozygous for mutants at msl-1, msl-2 or msl-3 develop as intersexes of the mosaic type. (Gorman et al., 1993) Heterozygous Sxl^f1/Sxl^fhv1 female larvae are mosaics of male and female cells. (Bone et al., 1994) Sxl^f1/Sxl^f1 shows no dosage compensation in run²⁵ phenotype assay. (Bernstein and Cline, 1994) Causes female lethality in double heterozygous combination with Df(1)svr, Df(1)N71, Df(1)HF396, Df(1)N19, Df(1)HC244 and Df(1)RA2. The viability of Sxl^f1/+ and Sxl^f1/Df(1)RA2 female progeny derived from a cross between Df(1)RA2/+ females and Sxl^f1/Y males is severely reduced. Viability is recovered if the Sxl^f1/+ or Sxl^f1/Df(1)RA2 female progeny also carry Dp(1;3)sn^13a1 or if the Df(1)RA2/+ mothers also carry Dp(1;3)sn^13a1. (Sanchez et al., 1994) Sxl⁺/Sxl⁺;vir^-/vir^ts and Sxl^f1/Sxl⁺;vir^-/vir⁺ are viable but doubly heterozygous Sxl^f1/Sxl⁺;vir^-/vir^ts females are lethal. (Hilfiker et al., 1995) Females of the genotype Sxl^f1/Sxl^fhv1 fail to activate the Sxl locus in a subset of their cells and thus are mosaic for cells that follow either the male of female pathway for dosage compensation. In XX cells that have adopted the male fate msl-2 interacts in a full male-like pattern. Mosaics lacking mle or msl-3 show partial immunostaining patterns for msl-2. msl-1 and msl-2 precisely colocalise at the msl-3 and mle independent sites. msl-2 localisation is completely abolished in the absence of msl-1. (Lyman et al., 1997) Females with homozygous germ line clones do not lay any eggs. (Schutt et al., 1998) A few percent of the Sxl^f1/Sxl^fhv1 female progeny survive to the third larval instar stage. (Bhadra et al., 2000) 30% of ovaries of Sxl^f4/Sxl^f1 females that are infected with Wolbachia have no eggs, 20% of ovaries have 1-2 eggs, 35% of ovaries have 3-9 eggs and 15% of ovaries have more than 10 eggs. 70% of ovaries of Sxl^f5/Sxl^f1 females that are infected with Wolbachia have no eggs, 5% of ovaries have 1-2 eggs, 15% of ovaries have 3-9 eggs and 10% of ovaries have more than 10 eggs. 95% of ovaries of Sxl^fs3/Sxl^f1 females that are infected with Wolbachia have no eggs and 5% of ovaries have 1-2 eggs. (Starr and Cline, 2002) The salivary gland cells of Sxl^f1/Sxl^fhv1 females show somatic mosaicism; some cells are of "male" type (Sxl is not expressed), while others are of "female" type (Sxl is expressed). The frequency of weak spots in the intercalary heterochromatin regions of the X chromosomes is much lower in the "male" cells compared to in the "female" cells and bands of intercalary heterochromatin in the X chromosome look solid, dense and non-broken in the "male" cells, as occurs in normal males. (Alekseyenko et al., 2002)
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference Sxl^F1.hs, Sxl^f1, tra¹ has sex-determination defective phenotype, non-enhanceable by snf^+t5.5 (Cline et al., 1999)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference Sxl^f1, fl(1)35³⁵ has viable \| reduced \| female phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Dp(1;3)sn^13a1 (Anand et al., 1998) Sxl^f1, fl(1)35⁴⁶ has viable \| reduced \| female phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Dp(1;3)sn^13a1 (Anand et al., 1998) Sxl^f1, l(1)43⁴³ has viable \| reduced \| female phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Dp(1;3)sn^13a1 (Anand et al., 1998) Sxl^f1/Sxl^f5 has female sterile phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Oda[+]/Oda^k11803 (Vied et al., 2003) Sxl^f4/Sxl^f1 has female sterile phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Oda[+]/Oda^k11803 (Vied et al., 2003)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference Sxl^fhv1/Sxl^f1 has lethal \| female phenotype, non-suppressible by Low¹ (Bhadra et al., 1997)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference Sxl^F1.hs, tra¹, Sxl^f1, snf^+t5.5 is a non-enhancer of sex-determination defective phenotype of snf^+t5.5 (Cline et al., 1999) Sxl^F1.hs, tra¹, Sxl^f1, snf^+t5.5 is a non-enhancer of lethal \| male phenotype of snf^+t5.5 (Cline et al., 1999)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference Sxl^f1 is a non-suppressor of lethal \| embryonic stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^nos.PG, run^Scer\UAS.cLa (Tracey et al., 2000) Sxl^f1 is a non-suppressor of lethal \| first instar larval stage \| recessive \| male phenotype of bon^S024108 (Beckstead, 2005) Sxl^f1 is a non-suppressor of lethal \| first instar larval stage \| recessive \| male limited phenotype of bon^S043420 (Beckstead, 2005)
Other
Statement Reference Sxl^f1, fl(1)35³⁵ has lethal \| maternal effect \| female \| dominant phenotype (Anand et al., 1998, Anand et al., 1998) Sxl^f1, fl(1)35⁴⁶ has lethal \| female \| dominant phenotype (Anand et al., 1998, Anand et al., 1998) Sxl^f1, l(1)43⁴³ has lethal \| female \| dominant phenotype (Anand et al., 1998, Anand et al., 1998) Sir2^ex10, Sxl[+]/Sxl^f1 has viable phenotype (Astrom et al., 2003) Sxl^f1, mle¹ has visible \| female phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, mle¹ has sex-determination defective \| female phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, mle¹ has visible \| female \| dominant phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, mle¹ has sex-determination defective \| female \| dominant phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, snf^e8H has lethal \| recessive \| maternal effect \| female phenotype (Albrecht and Salz, 1993) Sxl^f1, snf^e8H has lethal \| female \| dominant phenotype (Albrecht and Salz, 1993) Df(1)HC244, Sxl^M1/Sxl^f1 has viable phenotype (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Df(1)HC244, Sxl^f1 has lethal phenotype (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Sxl^f1, vir⁶ has viable \| reduced phenotype (Bopp et al., 1999, Bopp et al., 1999) Sxl^f1, msl-2¹ has visible \| female phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-2¹ has sex-determination defective \| female phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-2¹ has visible \| female \| dominant phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-2¹ has sex-determination defective \| female \| dominant phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, mle⁴ has visible \| female phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, mle⁴ has sex-determination defective \| female phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, mle⁴ has visible \| female \| dominant phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, mle⁴ has sex-determination defective \| female \| dominant phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^fhv1/Sxl^f1, mle⁴ has sex-determination defective \| female phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-1^unspecified has visible \| female \| dominant phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-1^unspecified has sex-determination defective \| female \| dominant phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-1^unspecified has visible \| female phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-1^unspecified has sex-determination defective \| female phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sir2^ex10, Sxl^f1 has viable phenotype (Astrom et al., 2003) Spf45^J23, Sxl[+]/Sxl^f1 has lethal \| maternal effect \| female phenotype (Chaouki and Salz, 2006)
Phenotype Manifest In
Suppressed by
Statement Reference Sxl^f1/Sxl^f5 has ovary phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Oda[+]/Oda^k11803 (Vied et al., 2003) Sxl^f4/Sxl^f1 has ovary phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Oda[+]/Oda^k11803 (Vied et al., 2003)
Other
Statement Reference Sxl^f1, mle¹ has abdominal sternite 6 \| female phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982) Sxl^f1, mle¹ has oviprotector phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982) Sxl^f1, mle¹ has abdominal tergite 5 \| female phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982) Sxl^f1, mle¹ has abdominal tergite 6 \| female phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982) Sxl^f1, mle¹ has prothoracic tarsal segment 1 \| female phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982, Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-3¹ has abdominal sternite 6 \| female phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-3¹ has oviprotector phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-3¹ has abdominal tergite 5 \| female phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-3¹ has abdominal tergite 6 \| female phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-3¹ has prothoracic tarsal segment 1 \| female phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-2¹ has prothoracic tarsal segment 1 \| female phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982, Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, mle⁴ has prothoracic tarsal segment 1 \| female phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982, Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-2² has abdominal sternite 6 \| female phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-2² has oviprotector phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-2² has abdominal tergite 5 \| female phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-2² has abdominal tergite 6 \| female phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-2² has prothoracic tarsal segment 1 \| female phenotype (Uenoyama et al., 1982, Uenoyama et al., 1982) Sxl^f1, msl-1^unspecified has prothoracic tarsal segment 1 \| female phenotype (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982, Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference Some females heterozygous for Sxl^f1 and homozygous for mle¹, mle⁴, msl-1^unspecified, or msl-2¹ have sex combs on the basitarsi of their forelegs. (Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982) Sxl^f1/+ chromosomal females also homozygous or heterozygous for either mle¹, msl-3¹ or msl-2² show variable transformation of sexually dimorphic structures to male characteristics. The frequency of transformation is not high, is higher in females homozygous (rather than heterozygous) for the male-specific lethal allele, and expression is incomplete. The frequency of transformation is higher in female flies with mothers homozygous for the male-specific lethal allele. Sex combs are only seen in Sxl^f1/+ females homozygous for the male-specific lethal allele. (Uenoyama et al., 1982) Progeny of genotype Df(1)HC244/Sxl^f1 are rare suggesting a lethal zygotic effect. Survivors are sterile and show male traits: male abdomen pigmentation and a few sex comb teeth. Ovaries are present and filled with eggs that show abnormal chorion appendages which are often fused and enlarged. A maternal effect is seen in that less then half the expected number of daughters is found. (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) When homozygous females for snf^e8H are crossed to a male carrying a null allele for Sxl, no female progeny are recovered. (Albrecht and Salz, 1993) Female lethal-synergistic interactions with snf^- mutations. (Salz and Flickinger, 1996) Lethal in female double heterozygous combination with fl(1)35³⁵. The lethality of fl(1)35³⁵/Sxl^f1 females is primarily embryonic and there is an effect of maternal fl(1)35³⁵ genotype on the lethal period; most of the progeny of females homozygous for fl(1)35³⁵ die as embryos whereas the progeny of fl(1)35³⁵/+ females die at larval as well as embryonic stages. The lethality can be partially rescued by Dp(1;3)sn^13a1. Females doubly heterozygous for fl(1)35⁴⁶ and Sxl^f1 show 3.5% viability. Lethality of fl(1)35⁴⁶/Sxl^f1 females can occur at embryonic or larval stages. The lethality can be partially rescued by Dp(1;3)sn^13a1. Females doubly heterozygous for l(1)43⁴³ and Sxl^f1 show 7% viability. Lethality of l(1)43⁴³/Sxl^f1 females occurs at embryonic and larval stages. The lethality can be partially rescued by Dp(1;3)sn^13a1. (Anand et al., 1998) X chromosomal recombination frequencies in female germ cells homozygous for vir⁶ are significantly reduced compared to wild-type and there is an increased frequency of non-disjunction. The frequency of recombination is further lowered if the germ cells also carry Sxl^f1, and the frequency of non-disjunction is further increased. The viability of Sxl^f1/+ ; vir⁶/vir⁶ females is severely reduced and escapers rarely produce eggs. (Bopp et al., 1999) The addition of up to three copies of P{snf⁺,dhd⁺} to Sxl^f1/Y;Sxl^F1.hs, tra¹ partially feminized males does not enhance the feminisation or lethality phenotypes seen in these flies. (Cline et al., 1999) The preferential sensitivity of males to the lethal effects of expression of run^Scer\UAS.cLa under the control of Scer\GAL4^nos.PG is not suppressed by Sxl^f1. (Tracey et al., 2000) Addition of two copies of sisA^+t12 and two copies of os^t10 has no effect on the viability of Sxl^f1/Y males. (Sefton et al., 2000) Oda^k11803/+ partially suppresses the ovary phenotype and female sterility of Sxl^f5/Sxl^f1. Oda^k11803/+ partially suppresses the ovary phenotype and female sterility of Sxl^f4/Sxl^f1. (Vied et al., 2003) Sxl^f1 has no great effect on the differentiation of sexually dimorphic tissues of haplo-X and diplo-X individuals carrying the ix⁵ mutation, although a weak genetic interaction is observed. (Acharyya and Chatterjee, 2002) The lethality of bon^S043420 homozygous males is not rescued if they are also carrying Sxl^f1; almost no escapers are seen. The lethality of bon^S024108 homozygous males is not rescued if they are also carrying Sxl^f1; no Sxl^f1/Y ; bon^S024108/bon^S024108 male animals survive beyond the first larval instar. (Beckstead, 2005)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference More hybrid males (which are derived from a cross of Sxl[f1]/+ D.melanogaster females to D.simulans males) carrying Sxl[f1] survive to the third larval instar compared to hybrids carrying Sxl[+]. (Pal Bhadra et al., 2006)
Complementation & Rescue Data
Fails to complement	Sxl^dlf (Anand et al., 1998)
Comments
Stocks ( 22 )
Kyoto	107256 C(1)DX, y¹ f¹/Sxl^f1 oc¹ ptg¹ v¹ 107187 y¹ cm¹ Sxl^f1 v¹ f¹/FM7a/Dp(1;2;Y)w⁺
Bloomington	3708 y¹ cm¹ Sxl^f1 v¹ f¹/FM7a/Dp(1;2;Y)w⁺ 3761 y¹ l(1)EN8¹ B¹/Binsc, Sxl^f1 oc¹ ptg¹ 3963 In(1)dl-49, Sxl^f1 v^Of g⁴/R(YL)/C(1;YS)1, oc¹ ptg¹ 3896 C(1)DX, y¹ f¹/In(1)dl-49, Sxl^f1 oc¹ ptg¹ v¹ 1414 In(1)pn^X, pn^X/In(1)dl-49, y¹ Sxl^f1 v^Of g²/Dp(1;Y)y⁺ 3764 y¹ w¹ N^spl-1 sn¹ l(1)EN1¹/Binsc, Sxl^f1 oc¹ ptg¹ 3766 y¹ w¹ N^spl-1 sn¹ l(1)EN5¹/Binsc, Sxl^f1 oc¹ ptg¹ 3768 y¹ w¹ N^spl-1 sn¹ l(1)EN7¹/Binsc, Sxl^f1 oc¹ ptg¹ 3763 y¹ w¹ N^spl-1 l(1)EN13¹ sn¹/Binsc, Sxl^f1 oc¹ ptg¹ 3776 y¹ w¹ N^spl-1 sn¹ l(1)EN14¹/Binsc, Sxl^f1 oc¹ ptg¹
	More stocks available...
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Muller and Zimmering, 1960.

Comments
	Does not interfere with transcription of the locus. (Albrecht and Salz, 1993) Nuclei follow a female pathway, elevated H4Ac16 staining, acetylated form of His4, is not detected in the paired X chromosome. (Bone et al., 1994) Individuals of heteroallelic combination Sxl^fhv1 and Sxl^f1 have reduced Sxl levels. (Hilfiker et al., 1994)
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 10 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	f#1 (Uenoyama, 1984) Fl Sxl[F#1] (Tracey et al., 2000) Sxl^F1 (Beckstead, 2005, Bashaw and Baker, 1995, Kelley et al., 1995) Sxl^f1 (Chaouki and Salz, 2006) Sxl^f#1 (Pal Bhadra et al., 2005, Acharyya and Chatterjee, 2002, Bhadra et al., 2000, Bhadra et al., 1997, Pultz et al., 1994, Sheen et al., 1993, Oliver et al., 1990, Oliver et al., 1988, Salz et al., 1987, Cronmiller and Cline, 1986, Maine et al., 1985, Cline, 1983, Uenoyama et al., 1982, Skripsky and Lucchesi, 1982, Pal Bhadra et al., 2006) Sxl^F (Pal-Bhadra et al., 1996) Sxl^fl (Salz and Flickinger, 1996, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Sxl^null (Starr and Cline, 2002)
Name Synonym	Female lethal
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 68 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 68 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 61 ) Review ( 4 ) Personal communication to FlyBase ( 1 ) Abstract ( 1 ) FlyBase analysis ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Chaouki and Salz, 2006, PLoS Gen. 2(12): Drosophila SPF45: A Bifunctional Protein with Roles in Both Splicing and DNA Repair. [FBrf0192968] Pal Bhadra et al., 2006, Genetics 174(3): 1151--1159 Misregulation of sex-lethal and disruption of male-specific lethal complex localization in Drosophila species hybrids. [FBrf0192394] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2006 Show reviews ...

Allele Dmel\Sxlf1

Allele Dmel\Sxl^f1