A Database of Drosophila Genes & Genomes

FB2013_03, released May 7th, 2013
 

Allele Dmel\ds38k

General Information
SymbolDmel\ds38kSpeciesD. melanogaster
NameFlyBase IDFBal0028156
Feature typealleleAssociated geneDmel\ds
Allele class
Mutagenspontaneous
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Description
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FB2013_03
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Cytology
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ds[UAO71]/ds[38k] flies have abnormally shaped wings, but wing area is not much altered compared to controls. The flies have a planar polarity phenotype in the wing. Flies expressing ds[Act5C.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] in a ds[UAO71]/ds[38k] background show a reduction in wing area compared to wild type. Flies expressing ds[SAx3.Act5C.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] in a ds[UAO71]/ds[38k] background show a reduction in wing area compared to wild type.
ds[38k]/ds[UAO71] wings show a planar cell polarity phenotype; reverse orientation and swirling of wing hairs is seen in the proximal region of the wing with high penetrance. ds[38k]/ds[UAO71] animals show defects in the directional preferences of growing microtubules in mutant wing cells compared to wild type; growing microtubules fail to converge along the proximodistal axis as strongly as in wild type. The distally biased asymmetry of microtubule growth that is seen in the wild-type is substantially weakened in the mutant at the anterior crossvein and at the L3-1 location (position of the most proximal dorsal campaniform sensillum on vein L3) at 24 hours after puparium formation (APF). In addition, plus end-proximal microtubules are more abundant at the L3-3 location (position of the most distal dorsal campaniform sensillum on vein L3) in the mutants at 24 hours APF (microtubule polarity is symmetrical at this position in wild-type flies at this stage).
In approximately 5% of ds38k homozygous escapers the wing is replaced by a winglet and, posterior to it, a lateral protuberance that looks like an scutum and scutellum. The winglet is composed of proximal anterior structures arranged in a mirror-image duplication. The smallest examples of these winglets consist of a mirror image duplication of anterior hinge structures - the tegula and humeral sclerite. Larger examples also have a rudimentary wing blade consisting of a mirror image duplication of anterior structures - the costa and anterior wing margin. This phenotype is also seen occasionally in ds38k/ds33k flies (3 out of 72 heminota), ds38k/ds05142 (approximately 2% of heminota) and ds38k/dsUAO71. In late third instar discs of ds38k homozygotes with a reduced wing pouch, marker expression indicates that the pouch is entirely within the anterior compartment. This absence of posterior cells in the wing territory can be seen as early as the mid second instar. ds38k/ds1 flies have legs with reduced segment size and fusion of the tarsal segments and partial elimination of the tarsal joints.
ds38k/dsUAO71 flies have disorganised ommatidial polarity; no obvious equator is present. Flies expressing dsScer\UAS.P\T.cSa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL in a ds38k/dsUAO71 background have a normal overall pattern of polarisation in the eye; an equator can easily be discerned. 97.6% of ommatidia are correctly constructed and rotated in these animals. Expression of dsScer\UAS.P\T.cSa under the control of Scer\GAL4fj-VG1 in a ds38k/dsUAO71 background results in eyes with disorganised ommatidial polarity.
When homozygous somatic clones are made in the eye, approximately 29% of ommatidia display dorsal ventral inversions, while fewer than 1% of genetically mutant ommatidia display anterior posterior inversions. Inverted equators also occur in 83% of clones. These arise along the equatorial border of the clone rather than within the clone. Also ectopic equators are seen, albeit rarely. In homozygous mutant eyes (generated by mitotic recombination using the "EGUF/hid method"), 31% of ommatidia display dorsal ventral inversions. The endogenous equator is stil evident. When ommatidia are examined that are mosaic (with respect to ds38k) in the pair of photoreceptor cells, R3 and R4, 77% of the time the mutant cell is R3 and the wild-type cell R4. When the pair R2 and R5 are examined, 65% of the time the mutant cell is R2 and the wild-type cell R5. When the pair R1 and R6 are examined, 73% of the time the mutant cell is R1 and the wild-type cell R6.
The dorsal-ventral polarity of ommatidia in ds38k/dsUAO71 flies is partially randomised. Defects in anterior-posterior ommatidial polarity or rotation are not seen. Somatic clones of ds38k in the eye: about 45% of ommatidia inverted on their dorsoventral axes. The clones also show directional nonautonomy, with most ommatidia on the equatorial boundary being inverted (78% in total), but few ommatidia being inverted on the polar boundary (10% total).
The eyes of dsUAO71/ds38k escapers have eyes with ommatidia that randomly adopt either dorsal or ventral polarity.
ds38k clones in a M(2)24F1 background are large like the controls, but cell density is increased. In ds38k,ftk07918 clones only epistatic effects of ftk07918 are seen.
40% eclosion rate. In addition to 100% penetrant defects in leg, wing and thorax, rough patches in the eye appear at low frequency. Anterior crossvein is displaced posteriorly. Legs are stubby with a reduced number of tarsal joints. There are duplicated bristles on the notum and the wings are held out stiffly with duplicated crossveins. Flies have difficulty walking, cannot jump or fly, do not reproduce and die within a few days of eclosion.
ds38k/ds1 flies have an extreme ds phenotype.
ds38k/ds1 has close crossveins; fly short and thick bodied. Homozygote probably like dsd. RK2.
 
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ds1/ds38k has joint phenotype, suppressible by nkd2/nkd[+]
ds1/ds38k has leg phenotype, suppressible | partially by nkd2/nkd[+]
ds1/ds38k has tarsal segment phenotype, suppressible | partially by nkd2/nkd[+]
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Reference
ds38k/ds[+] is an enhancer of crossvein phenotype of fjd1
ds38k/ds[+] is an enhancer of crossvein phenotype of fjt14.T:Hsap\GALNT3
ds38k/ds[+] is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4hs.2sev, dgoScer\UAS.cFa
ds38k/ds[+] is an enhancer of wing phenotype of fjd1
ds38k/ds[+] is an enhancer of wing phenotype of fjt14.T:Hsap\GALNT3
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Reference
ds38k/ds[+] is a non-enhancer of wing hair phenotype of Scer\GAL4hs.2sev, dgoScer\UAS.cFa
hideNOT Suppressor of
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Reference
ds38k/ds[+] is a non-suppressor of wing hair phenotype of Scer\GAL4hs.2sev, dgoScer\UAS.cFa
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ds[38k]/+ enhances the ommatidial rotation defects induced by the overexpression of dgo[Scer\UAS.cFa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[hs.2sev].
Adding fj[p1]/fj[d1] has little effect on the wing area of ds[UAO71]/ds[38k] flies. Adding fj[p1]/fj[d1] dramatically reduces the wing area of flies expressing ds[Act5C.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] in a ds[UAO71]/ds[38k] background. Adding fj[p1]/fj[d1] has no effect on the wing area of flies expressing ds[SAx3.Act5C.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] in a ds[UAO71]/ds[38k] background. Adding fj[p1]/fj[d1] has no effect on the wing area of flies expressing ds[SDx3.Act5C.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] in a ds[UAO71]/ds[38k] background.
wgl-12.Scer\UAS; Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 suppresses duplication of the wing pouch and prospective notum in ds38k homozygous wing discs, although the hinge domain is expanded compared with the wild type. Normal anterior-posterior subdivision is also restored in these discs. These animals die before reaching adulthood. dppScer\UAS.cCa; Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4 does not suppress duplication of the wing pouch and prospective notum in ds38k homozygous wing discs. However, the resulting discs have an expanded, rather than a reduced wing pouch, and anterior-posterior subdivision of the wing pouch is restored. nkd2/+ partially suppresses the leg phenotype of ds38k/ds1 flies: tarsal joint formation is completely rescued and the size of the tarsal segments is recovered almost to that of wild type.
ds38k fjN7/dsUAO71 fjd1 flies have disorganised ommatidial polarity; no obvious equator is present. Flies expressing both fjScer\UAS.cZa and dsScer\UAS.P\T.cSa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL in a ds38k fjN7/dsUAO71 fjd1 background have a disorganised ommatidial polarity; no obvious equator is present. Flies expressing dsScer\UAS.P\T.cSa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL in a ds38k fjN7/dsUAO71 fjd1 background have a disorganised ommatidial polarity; no obvious equator is present. Flies expressing fjScer\UAS.cZa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL in a ds38k fjN7/dsUAO71 fjd1 background have a disorganised ommatidial polarity; no obvious equator is present. Flies expressing dsScer\UAS.P\T.cSa under the control of Scer\GAL4fj-VG1 in a dsUAO71 fjVG1/ds38k fjN7 background have a disorganised ommatidial polarity; the eye contains a clearly perceptible equator in which most of the nearby ommatidia are reversed in polarity and thus point away from the equator. Flies expressing both fjScer\UAS.cZa and dsScer\UAS.P\T.cSa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL in a ds38k fjN7/dsUAO71 fjd1 background have normal polarity throughout the wing blade with the exception of a small region along the anterior proximal margin of the wing, where a small swirl is often present. Flies expressing dsScer\UAS.P\T.cSa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL in a ds38k fjN7/dsUAO71 fjd1 background have normal polarity throughout the wing blade with the exception of a small region along the anterior proximal margin of the wing, where a small swirl is often present.
The wing shortening phenotype of fjd1 homozygotes is enhanced by ds38k/+. Reduction in the distance between anterior and posterior cross-veins in fjt14.T:Hsap\GALNT3 flies is enhanced by ds38k/+. Like ds38k/dsUAO71 flies, ds38k/dsUAO71; fj109-583.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\GALNT3 ; Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4 flies have inverted ommatidia scattered throughout their eyes.
Wing discs from l(2)gd11, ds38k double mutants are large and have variable morphology, often with a series of frill-like folds on the edges of the discs. Leg discs are larger and thicker than for l(2)gd11 alone. The haltere disc duplicates, triplicates or quadruplicates. The eye antenna disc shows a pair of knob-like structures in the anterior of the antenna field that probably represent presumptive antennae. Animals usually die in the larval or early pupal stage, and never reach the pharate adult stage. Clones double mutant for l(2)gd11 and ds38k form protrusions due to abnormal morphogenesis that might result from an excess of cells. Imaginal discs from ds38k l(2)gd11/l(2)gd11 larvae resemble those of ft8 l(2)gd11/l(2)gd11 rather than l(2)gd11/l(2)gd11 in that wing, haltere, second and third leg discs are duplicated.
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Partially rescued by
Comments
The planar polarity defects seen in the wings of ds[UAO71]/ds[38k] animals are almost completely rescued by ds[Act5C.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP].
hide Stocks ( 2 )
Bloomington
Kyoto
hide Notes on Origin
Discoverer
Waddington, Nov. 1938.
Waddington, 1938
Bridges.
Arose in: a ssa stock.
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hide References ( 20 )
Research paper
Lee and Fischer, 2012, PLoS ONE 7(9): e46357
Drosophila Tel2 Is Expressed as a Translational Fusion with EpsinR and Is a Regulator of Wingless Signaling. [FBrf0219532]
Weber et al., 2012, Genetics 191(1): 145--162
Novel regulators of planar cell polarity: a genetic analysis in Drosophila. [FBrf0218210]
Olguín et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(3): 236--242
Intertissue mechanical stress affects frizzled-mediated planar cell polarity in the Drosophila notum epidermis. [FBrf0212947]
Brittle et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(9): 803--810
Four-jointed modulates growth and planar polarity by reducing the affinity of dachsous for fat. [FBrf0210769]
Harumoto et al., 2010, Dev. Cell 19(3): 389--401
Atypical cadherins dachsous and fat control dynamics of noncentrosomal microtubules in planar cell polarity. [FBrf0211754]
Casal et al., 2006, Development 133(22): 4561--4572
Two separate molecular systems, Dachsous/Fat and Starry night/Frizzled, act independently to confer planar cell polarity. [FBrf0194266]
Cho and Irvine, 2004, Development 131(18): 4489--4500
Action of fat, four-jointed, dachsous and dachs in distal-to-proximal wing signaling. [FBrf0180144]
Rodriguez, 2004, Development 131(13): 3195--3206
The dachsous gene, a member of the cadherin family, is required for Wg-dependent pattern formation in the Drosophila wing disc. [FBrf0179415]
Simon, 2004, Development 131(24): 6175--6184
Planar cell polarity in the Drosophila eye is directed by graded Four-jointed and Dachsous expression. [FBrf0180187]
Strutt et al., 2004, Development 131(4): 881--890
Cleavage and secretion is not required for Four-jointed function in Drosophila patterning. [FBrf0174590]
Zhu and Luo, 2004, Neuron 42(1): 63--75
Diverse functions of N-cadherin in dendritic and axonal terminal arborization of olfactory projection neurons. [FBrf0175027]
Rawls et al., 2002, Curr. Biol. 12(12): 1021--1026
The cadherins fat and dachsous regulate dorsal/ventral signaling in the Drosophila eye. [FBrf0151238]
Strutt and Strutt, 2002, Dev. Cell 3(6): 851--863
Nonautonomous planar polarity patterning in Drosophila: dishevelled-independent functions of frizzled. [FBrf0155678]
Yang et al., 2002, Cell 108(5): 675--688
Regulation of frizzled by fat-like cadherins during planar polarity signaling in the Drosophila compound eye. [FBrf0146910]
Garoia et al., 2000, Mech. Dev. 94(1-2): 95--109
Cell behaviour of Drosophila fat cadherin mutations in wing development. [FBrf0128473]
Buratovich and Bryant, 1997, Genetics 147(2): 657--670
Enhancement of overgrowth by gene interactions in lethal(2)giant discs imaginal discs from Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0098751]
Clark et al., 1995, Genes Dev. 9(12): 1530--1542
Dachsous encodes a member of the cadherin superfamily that controls imaginal disc morphogenesis in Drosophila. [FBrf0081626]
Lewis, 1945, Genetics 30: 137--166
The relation of repeats to position effect in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0006343]
Curry, 1939, D. I. S. 12: 45--47
[New mutants report.] [FBrf0063388]
Book
Lindsley and Grell, 1968, Publs Carnegie Instn 627: 469pp
Genetic variations of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0020044]