In fbl1 pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration disese model mutants usually die during pupal stage. The rare survivors show impaired locomotion and neurodegeneration.
All male progeny collected from low zinc w118 mothers crossed to high/normal fbl1 fathers are low in zinc. All female progeny from the same cross are high/normal in zinc. Male progeny from high/normal zinc females crossed to low zinc fbl1 males are high/normal in zinc. This implies that a recessive X-linked mutation is affecting total body zinc accumulation, rather than the fbl1 mutation.
Homozygous larvae show reduced crawling ability compared to controls.
fbl1 heterozygotes show a significant threefold increase in total Zn levels.
Under normal diet conditions approximately 55% of expected homozygous fbl1 are found, suggesting that one third of homozygous fbl1 larvae fail to initiate metamorphosis.
The addition of 5mM ZnCl[[2]] to the diet of fbl1/+ flies results in a 40% increase in total zinc levels compared to controls with no Zn supplement. Controls with a 5mM ZnCl[[2]] supplemented diet exhibit a 55% increase in total Zn levels. A significant drop in expected fbl1 homozygous pupae is observed when they are raised on high Zn (43% of expected), suggesting that Zn has a negative impact on larval development of fbl1 homozygotes. The addition of 100υM TPEN to the diet of fbl1 homozygous larvae does not significantly ameliorate their survival, despite reducing to less than half the levels of total Zn in adult fbl1 heterozygous flies.
fbl1 heterozygotes show no change in iron, manganese or copper levels.
fbl1 mutant adults have shorter lifespan and show age-progressive flight muscle degeneration ('loose' appearance, ruptures), the mitochondria in the flight muscles of 12 day-old flies display severe morphological damage: they appear swollen, with damaged cristae and ruptured membranes.
fbl1 mutants show locomotion defects: third instar larvae have decreased crawling abilities and the adults display reduced climbing abilities that rapidly decline further with age.
fbl1 mutants die during the pupal stage with a few escapers managing to eclose and survive several days. Rare survivors exhibit impaired locomotion ability, infertility, and neurodegeneration in the brain and retina. Brain and retinal tissues display large vacuoles. The female ovary is dramatically reduced in size, and no mature sperm is evident in the male testis. In fbl1 males, Nebenkern spermatids carry large Nebenkern and micronuclei at onion stage.
Homozygous females do not deposit eggs.
Homozygous ovaries dissected 48 hours after eclosion are poorly developed and do not contain eggs. Five day old homozygous ovaries contain eggs, which are small, ball-shaped and contain short dorsal appendages.
Production of neutral lipids is hardly detected in homozygous egg chambers.
Anterior cross vein and posterior cross vein formation is incomplete in homozygous wings, and mispositioned cross veins are found between veins L2 and L3.
Ectopic macrochaetae on the scutellum are not formed in homozygous flies.
Homozygous larvae show severely impaired locomotor activity (crawling) compared to controls.
7 day old homozygous flies show severe defects in flight ability and in the ability to climb in a negative geotaxis assay.
Homozygous flies have a reduced median lifespan (8 days) compared to control flies (50 days).
Homozygous flies often have held-out or (less frequently) held-up wings.
The brains of 14 day old homozygous adults contain vacuoles, suggesting neurodegeneration.
The level of triglycerides is reduced approximately 25% in 5 day old homozygous adults compared to controls.
Homozygous adults show a mild-sensitivity to H[[2]]O added to the medium under "wet starvation conditions".
Homozygous adults show increased sensitivity to 5% H[[2]]O[[2]], 100mM dithiothreitol and 20mM paraquat compared to control adults.
Homozygous larvae show reduced survival on medium containing 100mM cysteine compared to control larvae.
Homozygous third larval instar brains show a high incidence of abnormal mitotic chromosomes compared to controls.
Treatment with 20 Gy irradiation results in an increased incidence of abnormal mitotic chromosomes in homozygous third larval instar brains compared to controls.
Homozygous larval brains show an increased level of apoptosis compared to controls.
The survival rate of adults after exposure of larvae to 20Gy irradiation is reduced in homozygotes compared to wild-type flies.
fbl1 males show defects in chromosome segregation and cytokinesis in the male germline. Homozygous females are uncoordinated. Approximately 10% of testis cysts in homozygous males contain spermatids with mitochondrial aggregates of abnormal size and shape and multinucleate nuclei of different size. Approximately 10% of homozygous primary spermatocytes have abnormal spindles at prometaphase or metaphase, having asymmetric and/or apolar microtubule structures and lacking actin structures. There is also a failure in centrosomal separation. Chromosomes are associated with only one half of the spindle in some spermatocytes. In some cases the actin contractile ring forms around the chromosomes at the midbody, indicating a defect in the timing of contractile ring formation or in chromosome segregation. At late telophase, cells containing two or more actin rings and associated cleavage furrows situated between distinct masses of chromosomes are seen, suggesting unequal partitioning of chromosomal masses and cytoplasm. 90% of spermatids in fbl1/fbl2 males undergo aberrant cell division and spermiogenesis (postmeiotic spermatid differentiation) is grossly defective. 80% of fbl1/fbl2 or fbl1/fbl3 primary spermatocytes have spindle abnormalities, with the majority of spindles being multipolar. Anaphase and telophase stages are difficult to define in these testes, due to the severe defects in metaphase spindle organisation. In some less severely affected cells, two asters are seen at a single pole. Despite this lack of aster separation, these cells contain a contractile ring positioned over a central spindle.
Spermatids have large nebenkern and micronuclei at onion stage. Hemizygotes have degenerating spermatocytes. Testes are short and nearly devoid of germinal content.
Spermatids with large Nebenkern and micronuclei at onion stage. Hemizygotes with deletion contain degenerating spermatocytes.
fbl1 has lethal | pupal stage phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2m.UAS
fbl1 has short lived phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2m.UAS
fbl1 has abnormal locomotor behavior phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2m.UAS
fbl1 has sterile phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2m.UAS
fbl1 has lethal | pupal stage phenotype, suppressible by Hsap\PANK2T418M.UAS/Scer\GAL4Act.PU
fbl1 has short lived phenotype, suppressible | partially by Hsap\PANK2T418M.UAS/Scer\GAL4Act.PU
fbl1 has abnormal locomotor behavior phenotype, suppressible | partially by Hsap\PANK2T418M.UAS/Scer\GAL4Act.PU
fbl1 has female sterile phenotype, suppressible | partially by Hsap\PANK2T418M.UAS/Scer\GAL4Act.PU
fbl1 has lethal | pupal stage phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2S241P.UAS
fbl1 has short lived phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2S241P.UAS
fbl1 has abnormal locomotor behavior phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2S241P.UAS
fbl1 has female sterile phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2S241P.UAS
fbl1 has lethal | pupal stage phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK3UAS.cWa
fbl1 has short lived phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK3UAS.cWa
fbl1 has female sterile phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK3UAS.cWa
fbl1 has abnormal locomotor behavior phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK3UAS.cWa
fbl1 has lethal | pupal stage phenotype, suppressible by Hsap\PANK4UAS.cWa/Scer\GAL4Act.PU
fbl1 has short lived phenotype, suppressible by Hsap\PANK4UAS.cWa/Scer\GAL4Act.PU
fbl1 has female sterile phenotype, suppressible by Hsap\PANK4UAS.cWa/Scer\GAL4Act.PU
fbl1 has abnormal locomotor behavior phenotype, suppressible | partially by Hsap\PANK4UAS.cWa/Scer\GAL4Act.PU
fbl1 has chemical sensitive phenotype, suppressible by Sod1+t2.4/CattOa/Trxr1+t10
fbl1 has short lived phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2c.UAS
fbl1 has abnormal locomotor behavior phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2c.UAS
fbl1 has sterile phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2c.UAS
fbl1 has male sterile phenotype, non-suppressible by Hsap\PANK2T418M.UAS/Scer\GAL4Act.PU
fbl1 has male sterile phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2S241P.UAS
fbl1 has lethal | pupal stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2G411R.UAS
fbl1 has short lived phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2G411R.UAS
fbl1 has abnormal locomotor behavior phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2G411R.UAS
fbl1 has male sterile phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2G411R.UAS
fbl1 has male sterile phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK3UAS.cWa
fbl1 has male sterile phenotype, non-suppressible by Hsap\PANK4UAS.cWa/Scer\GAL4Act.PU
fbl1 has lethal | pupal stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2c.UAS
MTF-1140-1R, fbl1 has abnormal locomotor behavior phenotype
fbl1 has adult brain phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2m.UAS
fbl1 has retina phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2m.UAS
fbl1 has testis phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2m.UAS
fbl1 has adult brain phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2G411R.UAS
fbl1 has retina | adult stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2G411R.UAS
fbl1 has adult brain phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2S241P.UAS
fbl1 has retina | adult stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2S241P.UAS
fbl1 has adult brain phenotype, non-suppressible by Hsap\PANK2T418M.UAS/Scer\GAL4Act.PU
fbl1 has retina | adult stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Hsap\PANK2T418M.UAS/Scer\GAL4Act.PU
fbl1 has testis phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2G411R.UAS
fbl1 has testis phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/Hsap\PANK2S241P.UAS
fbl1 has testis phenotype, non-suppressible by Hsap\PANK2T418M.UAS/Scer\GAL4Act.PU
fbl[+]/fbl1 is an enhancer of wing margin phenotype of Bx2
fbl[+]/fbl1 is a non-enhancer of scutellar bristle | increased number phenotype of Chie5.5
fbl[+]/fbl1 is a non-enhancer of scutellar bristle | increased number phenotype of SsdpL7
fbl[+]/fbl1 is a non-suppressor of scutellar bristle | increased number phenotype of Chie5.5
fbl[+]/fbl1 is a non-suppressor of scutellar bristle | increased number phenotype of SsdpL7
Simultaneous co-expression of Sod+t2.4, CattOa and Trxr-1+t10 restores survival of fbl1/fbl1 larvae on medium containing 100mM cysteine to wild-type levels.
Expression of Hsap\PANK2m.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4Act.PU in a fbl1 mutant background rescues the eclosion defects of fbl1 flies, and the lifespan of these animals recovers to almost normal levels. Locomotor defects and infertility are also rescued in these animals. Retinal and brain morphology is normal in these animals at 12 days and 30 days old.
Expression of Hsap\PANK2c.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4Act.PU does not rescue eclosion rate, lifespan, locomotion ability, and fertility defects of fbl1 mutant flies.
Expression of Hsap\PANK2T418M.Scer\UAS or Hsap\PANK2S241P.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4Act.PU in a fbl1 mutant background dramatically increased the eclosion rate. Ectopic expression of either line partially suppresses the impaired locomotion phenotype and short lifespan of fbl1 mutant flies. Female fertility is restored in these animals but males are sterile and display abnormal spermatogenesis.
Expression of Hsap\PANK2G411R.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4Act.PU does not alter eclosion rate of fbl1 mutant flies, and does not increase lifespan or improve locomotion ability of fbl1 mutant flies. Males are sterile and show abnormal spermatogenesis.
Expression of Hsap\PANK2T418M.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4Act.PU in a fbl1 mutant background results in a neurodegeneration phenotype. Adult brain and retinal tissue display large vacuoles at 12 days old.
Expression of Hsap\PANK2S241P.Scer\UAS or Hsap\PANK2G411R.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4Act.PU in a fbl1 mutant background results in a neurodegeneration phenotype, with large vacuoles present in both tissues at 30 days post-eclosion.
Expression of Hsap\PANK3Scer\UAS.cWa or Hsap\PANK4Scer\UAS.cWa under the control of Scer\GAL4Act.PU in a fbl1 mutant background dramatically increases the eclosion rate of fbl1 mutant flies, and the lifespan of these animals is much increased. Flies display normal climbing behaviour when young, however the climbing ability of these animals is less than 50% of control levels at 30 days. Female fertility is restored in these animals but male sterility is not restored.
fbl1 is rescued by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/fblL.UAS
fbl1 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4elav.PU/fblL.UAS
fbl1 is partially rescued by fblL.UAS/Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL
fbl1 is partially rescued by fblL.UAS/Scer\GAL4ChAT.7.4
fbl1 is not rescued by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/fblS1.UAS
fbl1 is not rescued by Scer\GAL4Act.PU/fblS2.UAS
Expression of fblL.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4Act.PU rescues the eclosion defects of fbl1 flies, and the lifespan of these animals recovers to almost normal levels. Locomotor and infertility defects are also rescued in these animals.
Expression of fblS1.Scer\UAS or fblS2.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4Act.PU in a fbl1 mutant background does not rescue the lethality, shortened lifespan, locomotion behaviour, or infertility defects observed in fbl1 mutants.
Expression of fblL.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.PU in a fbl1 mutant background rescues the eclosion defects, shortened lifespan and movement coordination defects of fbl1 flies, but does not rescue infertility.
Expression of fblL.Scer\UAS in dopaminergic neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL partially rescues the eclosion rate, shortened lifespan, and locomotor defects of fbl1 mutant flies.
Expression of fblL.Scer\UAS in cholinergic neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4Cha.7.4 partially rescues the eclosion rate, shortened lifespan, and locomotor defects of fbl1 mutant flies.
Separable from: kugfbl1.