Deletion that breaks in the first intron and removes the entire C-terminal part of the gene leaving only nine amino acids of the coding region.
Deletion with breakpoints within this EcoRI, XhoI fragment
visible | adult stage (with pnrMD237)
Class I abdominal dorsal multidendritic ddaD and ddaE neurons from pnrVX6 mutant somatic clones in third instar larvae present misoriented dendrite branch terminals, as compared to controls.
pnrVX6/+ ; Df(3R)Exel6157/+ double heterozygous embryos show asymmetric cell division defects in "svp" cardiac progenitor cells that are not significantly different from the additive effects of each of the two single heterozygotes. Defects in the symmetric cell divisions that give rise to the tin-expressing cardial cells in the double heterozygotes are not significantly different from the additive effects of each of the two single heterozygotes.
pnrVX6/+ ; Df(1)CHES-1-like1/+ double heterozygous embryos show asymmetric cell division defects in "svp" cardiac progenitor cells that are not significantly different from the additive effects of each of the two single heterozygotes. Defects in the symmetric cell divisions that give rise to the tin-expressing cardial cells in the double heterozygotes are not significantly different from the additive effects of each of the two single heterozygotes.
Heterozygotes have a normal number of scutellar bristles.
Herozygotes exhibit a significant decrease in lifespan, as compared to controls.
pnrVX6/+ flies have the normal number of dorsocentral bristles.
Less than 1% of pnrVX6/+ flies show any dorsocentral bristle loss.
In pnrVX6 mutant embryos, only remnants of the heart and lymph gland appear to be present.
pnrVX6 mutant embryos have reduced levels of both myocardial and pericardial cells.
Eye development occurs normally in heterozygous flies. Homozygous clones in the eye disc and adult eye show dorsal eye enlargements.
In stage-15 pnrVX6 mutant embryos, the lymph gland, cardioblasts and pericardial nephrocytes fail to develop from the cardiogenic mesoderm.
In mutant embryos cardioblasts almost never develop, a strong decrease in pericardial cells is also seen.
During mid-stage 11 mutant embryos exhibit a loss of cardiac precursors, cardiogenesis appear not to be initiated. By stage 16 a loss of pericardial cells are seen.
Homozygous clones in the eye result in dorsal eye enlargements or ectopic eye, due to a change of dorsal eye fate to ventral. Eye discs homozygous for pnrVX6 (generated using the "EGUF" method to remove all eye disc cells except the homozygous pnrVX6 clone cells) show dorsal overgrowths in the disc and in adult eyes.
The amnioserosa cells appear morphologically normal until the end of embryogenesis in mutant animals. Germband retraction is normal. Homozygous larvae have a characteristic basket shape and dorsal closure defects. The abdominal region of the cuticle lacks the most dorsal pattern elements (the dorsal triangles), which appear to be replaced by dorsolateral spinules.
Homozygous somatic clones in the lateral (LAT) notal region proliferate and differentiate normally, very few clones are seen in the medial (MED) notal region the few that are seen, are in the process of invaginating from the surrounding tissue. Those clones that extended to both regions differentiate normally in the LAT region but form necrotic tissue in the MED region. In some cases invaginated tissue can be seen to differentiate notum structures. In addition some clones found associated with the LAT region, usually near the MED/LAT border, form invaginating vesicles or outgrowths. In these cases the normal LAT pattern is not altered. Very few clones are seen in the medial abdomen region, as compared to the lateral abdomen. Those clones that are in the medial region are always abnormal. dpo not integrate with wild-type cells and form vesicles that segregate from the surrounding tissue. Nevertheless, they differentiate bristles and cuticle of abdominal character.
Homozygous clones in the eye disc only produce a phenotype when they are at the dorsal margin of the eye disc. These clones result in an ectopic field of differentiating photoreceptors anterior to the main eye field. In adult flies this results in the formation of an ectopic eye field in the dorsal head cuticle, which can either be separate from or fused with the normal eye. These ectopic eye fields do not arise exclusively from mutant cells within the clone itself, but also contain wild-type cells. Duplication of the antenna is also frequently observed. In some cases a dramatic loss of the eye and an absence of differentiating photoreceptors in the eye disc is seen, resulting from the loss of all pnr function, in animals carrying very large homozygous clones in the eye. Most animals carrying large clones in the eye die as late pupae, and their heads are sometimes entirely missing. Homozygous dorsal and ventral clones in the eye which lie close to the equator do not show any polarity defects. Only the largest and most dorsal clones, up to eight ommatidial rows from the equator, are abnormal. Ommatidial clusters in the equatorial regions of these clones adopt a ventral polarity and chirality, and more dorsally, the formation of an ectopic equator is seen. This new equator forms within the clone rather than at its boundary and the polarity inversion does not strictly follow the borders of the clone. On one hand, some mutant clusters near the margins of the clone show normal dorsal polarity, and on the other, wild-type ommatidia adjacent to a mutant clone sometimes show chirality changes.
In female D.simulans/D.melanogaster hybrids heterozygous for pnrVX6 the posterior scutellar bristle, anterior dorsocentral bristle, posterior postalar bristle and the posterior dorsocentral bristle are lost at a high frequency compared to female D.simulans/D.melanogaster hybrid controls, when grown at both 18oC and 25oC (though the effect is stronger at 25oC. In female D.simulans/D.melanogaster hybrids heterozygous for pnrVX6 and Df(1)sc-B57, the posterior and anterior scutellar bristles and the posterior and anterior dorsocentral bristles are lost at a high frequency compared to female D.simulans/D.melanogaster hybrid with pnrVX6 or Df(1)sc-B57 alone.
In(3R)iab6G/pnrVX6 flies are lethal as pupae and have strong imaginal defects. Mitotic clones in the thorax adjacent to the thoracic midline cause a sizeable bilateral cleft involving most of the scutum causing the entire scutellum to disappear.
Cells of the amnioserosa and part of the dorsal epidermis die. The phenotype in clones is similar to that of pnrD1.
pnrMD237/pnrVX6 has partially lethal - majority die phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237/XNPRNAi.UAS.Sym
pnrVX6 has visible | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by L[+]/Lrev6-3
pnr[+]/pnrVX6 is an enhancer of visible | adult stage phenotype of Bxhdp58-1
pnr[+]/pnrVX6 is an enhancer of visible | adult stage phenotype of BxhdpR590
pnr[+]/pnrVX6 is an enhancer of visible | adult stage phenotype of Bxhdp185-1
pnr[+]/pnrVX6 is a suppressor of visible | recessive | somatic clone phenotype of Lrev6-3
Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU, XNPUY3132, pnrVX6 has lethal phenotype
Df(3L)29A6, Df(3L)DocA, pnrVX6, tin346 has lethal phenotype
Df(3L)DocA, pnrVX6, tin346 has viable phenotype
PRAS40UAS.cCa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH, pnrVX6 has visible | somatic clone phenotype
pnrVX6 has scutellum phenotype, enhanceable by XNPUY3132/Scer\GAL4455.2
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, non-enhanceable by tin346/tin[+]
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, non-enhanceable by Df(3R)GC14/+
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, non-enhanceable by H15nmr-614/H15[+]
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, non-enhanceable by Df(2L)Exel6012/+
pnrVX6 has dorsal vessel wall cell phenotype, non-enhanceable by pntS012309
pnrVX6 has embryonic pericardial cell phenotype, non-enhanceable by pntS012309
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4twi.PG/Scer\GAL4how-24B/H15UAS.cQa
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, suppressible by midUAS.cQb/Scer\GAL4twi.PG/Scer\GAL4how-24B
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, suppressible by midUAS.cQb/Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, suppressible by midUAS.cQb/Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
pnrVX6 has eye | dorsal | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by L[+]/Lrev6-3
pnrVX6 has eye disc | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4ey.PH/wgUAS.cAa
pnrVX6 has photoreceptor neuron | ectopic | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4ey.PH/wgUAS.cAa
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, non-suppressible by tin346/tin[+]
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(3R)GC14/+
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, non-suppressible by H15nmr-614/H15[+]
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(2L)Exel6012/+
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, non-suppressible by tinUAS.cRa/Scer\GAL4how-24B
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, non-suppressible by tinUAS.cRa/Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
pnrVX6 has adult heart phenotype, non-suppressible by tinUAS.cRa/Scer\GAL4twi.PG/Scer\GAL4how-24B
pnrVX6 has embryonic pericardial cell phenotype, non-suppressible by pntS012309
pnrVX6 has dorsal vessel wall cell phenotype, non-suppressible by pntS012309
pnr[+]/pnrVX6 is an enhancer of anterior dorsocentral bristle phenotype of Bxhdp58-1
pnr[+]/pnrVX6 is an enhancer of anterior dorsocentral bristle phenotype of BxhdpR590
pnr[+]/pnrVX6 is an enhancer of anterior dorsocentral bristle phenotype of Bxhdp185-1
pnr[+]/pnrVX6 is a suppressor of scutellar bristle | increased number phenotype of SsdpL7
pnr[+]/pnrVX6 is a suppressor | partially of posterior scutellar bristle | adult stage phenotype of CtBPUAS.cSa, Scer\GAL4ap-md544
pnr[+]/pnrVX6 is a suppressor | partially of anterior scutellar bristle | adult stage phenotype of CtBPUAS.cSa, Scer\GAL4ap-md544
pnr[+]/pnrVX6 is a suppressor | partially of posterior dorsocentral bristle | adult stage phenotype of CtBPUAS.cSa, Scer\GAL4ap-md544
pnr[+]/pnrVX6 is a suppressor | partially of anterior dorsocentral bristle | adult stage phenotype of CtBPUAS.cSa, Scer\GAL4ap-md544
pnr[+]/pnrVX6 is a suppressor of embryonic/larval lymph gland phenotype of Zfrp8SM206
pnr[+]/pnrVX6 is a suppressor of eye | ventral | somatic clone phenotype of Lrev6-3
pnrVX6 is a non-suppressor | somatic clone of photoreceptor neuron phenotype of Scer\GAL4unspecified, araUAS.cGa
pnr[+]/pnrVX6, sensE2 has dorsocentral bristle phenotype
Bxhdp-n60, pnr[+]/pnrVX6 has dorsocentral bristle phenotype
Df(3L)29A6, Df(3L)DocA, pnrVX6 has dorsal vessel wall cell phenotype
Df(3L)29A6, pnrVX6, tin346 has dorsal vessel wall cell phenotype
Df(3L)29A6, Df(3L)DocA, pnrVX6, tin346 has dorsal vessel wall cell phenotype
Df(3L)29A6, Df(3L)DocA, pnrVX6, tin346 has embryonic/larval dorsal vessel phenotype
PRAS40UAS.cCa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH, pnrVX6 has eye | somatic clone phenotype
Expression of XNPdsRNA.Scer\UAS.Sym under the control of Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 partially rescues the lethality of pnrVX6/pnrMD237 such that 33% of the animals survive.
Expression of XNPUY3132 under the control of Scer\GAL4455.2 enhances the penetrance of the scutellar phenotypes seen in pnrVX6 heterozygotes.
The increase in heart arrest/fibrillation upon electrical pacing that is seen in pnrVX6/+ adults is not significantly altered by tin346/+ or Df(3R)GC14/+.
The increase in heart arrest/fibrillation upon electrical pacing that is seen in pnrVX6/+ adults is not significantly altered by H15nmr-614/+ or Df(2L)Exel6012/+.
The increase in heart arrest/fibrillation upon electrical pacing that is seen in pnrVX6/+ adults is not rescued by expression of tinScer\UAS.cRa under the control of either Scer\GAL4how-24B or Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR.
The increase in heart arrest/fibrillation upon electrical pacing that is seen in pnrVX6/+ adults is not rescued by expression of tinScer\UAS.cRa under the simultaneous control of both Scer\GAL4twi.PG and Scer\GAL4how-24B. The cardiac arrhythmias seen in pnrVX6/+ adults are also not rescued in these animals.
The increase in heart arrest/fibrillation upon electrical pacing that is seen in pnrVX6/+ adults is ameliorated by expression of H15Scer\UAS.cQa under the simultaneous control of both Scer\GAL4twi.PG and Scer\GAL4how-24B.
The increase in heart arrest/fibrillation upon electrical pacing that is seen in pnrVX6/+ adults is ameliorated by expression of midScer\UAS.cQb under the simultaneous control of both Scer\GAL4twi.PG and Scer\GAL4how-24B. The cardiac arrhythmias seen in pnrVX6/+ adults are also rescued in these animals.
The increase in heart arrest/fibrillation upon electrical pacing that is seen in pnrVX6/+ adults is ameliorated by expression of midScer\UAS.cQb under the control of either Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR or Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4. The cardiac arrhythmias seen in pnrVX6/+ adults are also rescued in animals expressing midScer\UAS.cQb under the control of Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4.
pnrVX6/+ dominantly suppresses the missing thoracic bristle phenotype of CtBPScer\UAS.cSa, Scer\GAL4ap-md544 flies.
One copy of pnrVX6 enhances the dorsocentral bristle loss seen in hemizygous Bxhdp185-1 mutant males. 90% of flies lack the anterior pair of bristles.
One copy of pnrVX6 enhances the dorsocentral bristle loss seen in hemizygous Bxhdp58-1 mutant males. 90% of flies lack the anterior pair of bristles.
One copy of pnrVX6 enhances the dorsocentral bristle loss seen in hemizygous BxhdpR590 mutant males. 90% of flies lack the anterior pair of bristles.
No dorsocentral bristle loss is seen in flies hemizygous for Bx2 and heterozygous for pnrVX6.
No dorsocentral bristle loss is seen in flies hemizygous for Bx1002 and heterozygous for pnrVX6.
The slight increase in lymph gland size seen in Zfrp8SM206/+ larvae is dominantly suppressed by pnrVX6.
Df(3L)29A6; Df(3L)DocA, pnrVX6 stage 16 embryos have a reduced number of cardioblasts compared to wild type; Df(3L)29A6; Df(3L)DocA, pnrVX6, tin346 embryos have even fewer cardioblasts and form only short regions of the dorsal vessel. Df(3L)29A6; pnrVX6, tin346 show a milder loss of cardioblasts.
pnrVX6, pntS012309 double mutant embryos lack cardioblasts and pericardial cells and are phenotypically indistinguishable from pnrVX6 embryos.
Expression of CG46146Scer\UAS.cCa under the control of Scer\GAL4ey.PH in eye discs homozygous for pnrVX6 (generated using the "EGUF" method to remove all eye disc cells except the homozygous pnrVX6 clone cells) results in a small eye phenotype due to a reduction of the eye on both dorsal and ventral eye margins in nearly 20% of flies. This double mutant phenotype is different from either single mutant phenotype. The polarity of most of the ommatidia in the small eye is dorsal, along with a few ventral or with a polarity defect.
Expression of SerBd.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC under the control of Scer\GAL4ey.PH at 25[o]C in eye discs homozygous for pnrVX6 (generated using the "EGUF" method to remove all eye disc cells except the homozygous pnrVX6 clone cells) results in a complete loss of the eye in 99% of flies, compared to 50% of flies showing complete loss of the eye or a very small eye when SerBd.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC is expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4ey.PH at 25[o]C in a wild-type background.
Ubiquitous expression of araScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4unspecified abolishes photoreceptor differentiation, which is not restored if the flies also carry clones of pnrVX6. Large pnrVX6 clones in the eye, which would be expected to produce an ectopic eye field in a wild-type background, show no photoreceptor differentiation in discs if they are also expressing wgScer\UAS.cAa under the control of Scer\GAL4ey.PH.
pnrMD237/pnrVX6 is rescued by pnrSA.UAS.β/Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
pnrVX6 is partially rescued by pnrUAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4twi.PG/Scer\GAL4how-24B
pnrVX6 is partially rescued by pnrUAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
pnrVX6 is partially rescued by pnrUAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
pnrVX6 is partially rescued by pnrUAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4how-24B
pnrVX6 is partially rescued by pnrUAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4da.G32
pnrVX6 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4zen.Kr.PF/pnrUAS.cHa
pnrVX6 is partially rescued by pnrUAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4twi.PG/Scer\GAL4how-24B
pnrMD237/pnrVX6 is not rescued by pnrUAS.β/Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Expression of pnrScer\UAS.β under the control of Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 results in poor rescue (0.4 bristles per thorax) of the loss of dorsocentral bristles seen in pnrVX6/pnrMD237 flies.
Expression of pnrSA.Scer\UAS.β under the control of Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 results in significant rescue (4.6 bristles per thorax) of the loss of dorsocentral bristles seen in pnrVX6/pnrMD237 flies.
Class 2 pnr allele: lethal recessive allele. Allelic series according to the extent of the dorsal hole: pnr1 > Df(3R)sbd45 = pnrVX6 = pnrVP8 = pnrD1 > pnrD3.