Allele Dmel\nec²

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\nec²	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0035260
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\nec

Map ( GBrowse )
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence (Heitzler et al., 1993)
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Heitzler et al., 1993)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References point mutation 2R:3,045,478..3,045,478 comment=Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. evidence=experimental na_change=C3045478T pr_change=Q37@\|nec-PA reported_pr_change=Q37@ (Green et al., 2000)
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Amino acid replacement: Q37. FlyBase curator comment: The authors mistakenly used the 3 letter code Glu instead of Gln when describing this mutation. This is evident from FBrf0131303 which states Q37, and the fact that the nec protein has a long glutamine stretch from 31--39. (Green et al., 2003) Amino acid replacement: Q37@. Causes a truncation of the peptide within the polyglutamine repeat. (Green et al., 2000)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	female sterile (with nec¹) (Green et al., 2000) lethal \| adult stage (with nec¹) (Green et al., 2000) lethal \| recessive (Green et al., 2000, Heitzler et al., 1993) melanotic necrosis (with nec¹) (Michel et al., 2001, Ramet et al., 2002, Green et al., 2000) partially lethal - majority live \| adult stage \| heat sensitive (with nec¹) (Green et al., 2003) partially lethal - majority live \| adult stage \| heat sensitive (with nec⁹) (Green et al., 2003) short lived (with nec¹) (Ligoxygakis et al., 2002) short lived \| heat sensitive (with nec¹) (Green et al., 2003) short lived \| heat sensitive (with nec⁹) (Green et al., 2003)
Phenotype Manifest In
	adult abdomen (with nec¹) (Green et al., 2000) adult cuticle (with nec¹⁹) (Green et al., 2003) adult epidermis (with nec¹) (Michel et al., 2001, Ramet et al., 2002, Green et al., 2000)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference The viability of nec¹/nec² or nec⁹/nec² adults is greatly reduced at 25^oC or 29^oC, compared to wild-type flies. Within a few hours of eclosion, nec²/nec¹⁹ flies develop black cuticular patches. Necrotic patches are randomly distributed over most of the body surface, but occur preferentially at the proximal leg joints. (Green et al., 2003) 80% of nec¹/nec² flies die within 48 hours of eclosion at 25^oC. (Ligoxygakis et al., 2002) nec¹/nec² mutant animals display melanotic spots on the cuticle. (Michel et al., 2001) nec¹/nec² flies survive for several days though the females are sterile. The nec mutant phenotype of Df(2R)sple-D2/Df(2R)nap2 is indistinguishable from that of nec¹/nec². Between 10 and 20% of nec¹/nec² larvae show brown spots around the posterior spiracles. Approximately 10% of the mutant pupae fail to eclose. Adult nec¹/nec² flies show a patchy distribution of melanotic spots of variable position and intensity on cuticular surfaces, but not internally. Their abdomens gradually swell with hemolymph and are extremely distended by 48 hrs post eclosion. The epidermal cells of adult nec¹/nec² flies undergo necrosis, in sites corresponding to the melanotic spots. An additional layer of healthy epidermal cells is seen beneath the necrotic cells. The necrotic mutant phenotype is pleiotropic and it is unclear what causes the lethality of adult nec mutant flies. (Green et al., 2000) Homozygotes are pharate adult lethal or die within 24 hours of eclosion. (Heitzler et al., 1993)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference nec¹/nec² has melanotic necrosis phenotype, non-enhanceable by PGRP-SA^seml (Michel et al., 2001)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference nec¹/nec² has lethal \| adult stage phenotype, suppressible by spz⁴ (Green et al., 2000) nec¹/nec² has short lived phenotype, suppressible by psh¹ (Ligoxygakis et al., 2002) nec¹/nec² has short lived phenotype, suppressible by psh² (Ligoxygakis et al., 2002) nec¹/nec² has short lived phenotype, suppressible by psh³ (Ligoxygakis et al., 2002) nec¹/nec² has short lived phenotype, suppressible by psh⁴ (Ligoxygakis et al., 2002) nec¹/nec² has short lived phenotype, suppressible by psh⁵ (Ligoxygakis et al., 2002)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference nec¹/nec² has melanotic necrosis phenotype, non-suppressible by PGRP-SA^seml (Michel et al., 2001)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference nec¹/nec² is a non-enhancer of immune response defective phenotype of PGRP-SA^seml (Michel et al., 2001)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference nec¹/nec² is a non-suppressor of immune response defective phenotype of PGRP-SA^seml (Michel et al., 2001)
Phenotype Manifest In
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference nec¹/nec² has adult epidermis phenotype, non-enhanceable by PGRP-SA^seml (Michel et al., 2001)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference nec¹/nec² has adult epidermis phenotype, non-suppressible by PGRP-SA^seml (Michel et al., 2001)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference The addition of PGRP-SA^seml to nec¹/nec¹ animals has no effect on either phenotypes. (Michel et al., 2001)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	nec¹/nec² is rescued by Scer\GAL4^da.G32/nec^Scer\UAS.cLa (Green et al., 2000, Levashina et al., 1999)
Not rescued by	nec¹/nec² is not rescued by nec^PP.Scer\UAS/Scer\GAL4^da.G32 (Green et al., 2000)
Comments
Stocks ( 1 )
Bloomington	9151 Dp(?;2)bw^D, nec² bw^D/CyO
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 1 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	nec²
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 7 )
Research paper	Green et al., 2003, Development 130(7): 1473--1478 Drosophila necrotic mutations mirror disease-associated variants of human serpins. [FBrf0155704] Ligoxygakis et al., 2002, Science 297(5578): 114--116 Activation of Drosophila Toll during fungal infection by a blood serine protease. [FBrf0151487] Ramet et al., 2002, Dev. Biol. 241(1): 145--156 JNK signaling pathway is required for efficient wound healing in Drosophila. [FBrf0141481] Green et al., 2000, Genetics 156(3): 1117--1127 The necrotic gene in Drosophila corresponds to one of a cluster of three serpin transcripts mapping at 43A1.2. [FBrf0131303] Levashina et al., 1999, Science 285(5435): 1917--1919 Constitutive activation of toll-mediated antifungal defense in serpin-deficient Drosophila. [FBrf0111411] Heitzler et al., 1993, Genetics 135(1): 105--115 Genetic and cytogenetic analysis of the 43A-E region containing the segment polarity gene costa and the cellular polarity genes prickle and spiny-legs in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0058613]
Letter	Michel et al., 2001, Nature 414(6865): 756--759 Drosophila Toll is activated by Gram-positive bacteria through a circulating peptidoglycan recognition protein. [FBrf0141671]

Allele Dmel\nec2

Allele Dmel\nec²