Allele Dmel\H^E31

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\H^E31	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0038852
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\H
Also Known As	H³¹

Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	P-element activity, Delta2-3
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence (Bang et al., 1995)
Mutagen	Delta2-3 (Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998) P-element activity (Schweisguth and Posakony, 1994)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype	H^D179 (Schweisguth and Posakony, 1994, Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998)
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Imprecise excision of the P{lacW} element, removing the 5' P-element end, the Ecol\lacZ gene and part of the w^+mC sequence. The deletion extends from position -2046 in w^+mC to position +3101 of H, deleting sequences encoding the first 804 amino acids of the H protein. (Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998) Deletion removing two-thirds of the ORF (F. Schweisguth, unpublished observations). (Bang et al., 1995) Deletion of about two thirds of the protein coding region. (Schweisguth and Posakony, 1994)
Caused by insertion	P{3'lacW}H^E31 (Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998, Castro et al., 2005)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal \| pharate adult stage \| recessive (Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998) visible (Lai and Rubin, 2001) visible \| dominant (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001, Barolo et al., 2002, Schweisguth, 1999, Lai et al., 1998, Duan et al., 2011) visible \| recessive (Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998) visible \| recessive \| somatic clone (Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998) visible \| somatic clone (Duan et al., 2011)
Phenotype Manifest In
	anterior orbital bristle (Barolo et al., 2002) chaeta \| somatic clone (Duan et al., 2011) intestinal stem cell \| somatic clone (Bardin et al., 2010) macrochaeta (Bang et al., 1995, Barolo et al., 2002, Schweisguth, 1999, Duan et al., 2011) macrochaeta \| somatic clone (Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998) medial triple row (Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998) mesothoracic tergum & macrochaeta \| somatic clone (Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998) microchaeta (Schweisguth, 1999) ocellar bristle (Barolo et al., 2002) sense organ \| adult stage (Lai et al., 1998) socket \| embryonic stage (Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998) tormogen cell \| ectopic (Duan et al., 2011) trichogen cell (Duan et al., 2011) wing vein (Lai and Rubin, 2001, Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998) wing vein \| cell autonomous \| somatic clone (Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998) wing vein L5 (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001, Lai and Rubin, 2001)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Heterozygotes show a double-socketing phenotype in a few macrochaetae on the notum. Homozygous clones in the adult notum lack external sensory organ structures. (Duan et al., 2011) Whereas wild-type intestinal stem cell (ISC) clones proliferate over time, homozygous ISC clones fail to grow, forming either very small groups of cells or remaining as single cells at 14 days after clone induction. Cell fate appears to be affected in the mutant clones; many of the mutant cells appear to have lost ISC characteristics without properly differentiating into enteroblasts when marker expression is analysed at 6 days after clone induction. (Bardin et al., 2010) Heterozygotes show developmental defects in the macrochaetae (shaft-to-socket conversions or bristle loss). (Barolo et al., 2002) Mutants show a small amount of wing vein truncation mostly at the tip of wing vein L5. (Lai and Rubin, 2001) Heterozygotes have a shortened wing vein L5. (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001) Heterozygotes show a few double socket bristles on the notum. (Schweisguth, 1999) Heterozygotes have several missing or double socket sensory organs, particularly on the head. (Lai et al., 1998) Homozygous clones in the notum are characterised by a loss of bristle phenotype. The ratio between wild-type bristles and wild-type epidermal cells along the clone border is 0.1 (compared to 0.05 for control clones) suggesting that H^E31 cells produce a weaker inhibitory signal than wild-type cells. No veins form in the wings of homozygous pharate adults. Double sockets are seen at the position of the stout bristles on the anterior wing margin. Homozygous clones interrupt vein formation in a cell autonomous manner. The ventral nerve cord appears similar to wild-type in stage 14 homozygous embryos. A single socket cell per external sense organ is seen in most positions in homozygous embryos. Occasionally, missing or extra socket cells are seen. (Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998) The bristle loss phenotype of H²⁰/H^E31 can be suppressed by deleting components of the E(spl)-complex. The degree of suppression depends on both the number and identity of E(spl)-complex transcription units removed. Rescued bristles display a double socket phenotype. Clonal analysis revealed that the gro mutant bristle tufting phenotype is epistatic to the H null bristle loss phenotype. (Bang et al., 1995)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference H^E31 has visible \| dominant phenotype, enhanceable by CtBP[+]/CtBP^87De-10 (Barolo et al., 2002) H^E31 has visible \| dominant phenotype, enhanceable by E(spl)m8-HLH^K1K2mut (Lai et al., 1998) H^E31 has visible \| dominant phenotype, enhanceable by E(spl)m8-HLH^K:CAACdel (Lai et al., 1998) H^E31 has visible \| dominant phenotype, enhanceable by gro^E73/gro[+] (Barolo et al., 2002) H^E31 has visible \| dominant phenotype, enhanceable by insv^unspecified (Duan et al., 2011) H^E31 has visible phenotype, enhanceable by neur^Scer\UAS.cLa/Scer\GAL4^VMQ (Lai and Rubin, 2001) H^E31 has visible phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^VMQ/neur^{αRING.Scer\UAS} (Lai and Rubin, 2001)
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference H^E31 has visible \| dominant phenotype, non-enhanceable by E(spl)m8-HLH^tLa (Lai et al., 1998)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference H^E31 has visible \| dominant phenotype, suppressible by CG6194[+]/CG6194^P0997 (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001) H^E31 has visible \| somatic clone phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^tub.PU/insv^Scer\UAS.cDa (Duan et al., 2011)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference H[+]/H^E31 is a suppressor of visible \| dominant phenotype of Bx¹ (Bejarano et al., 2008) H[+]/H^E31 is a suppressor of visible \| heat sensitive phenotype of N^l1N-ts1 (Barolo et al., 2002) H[+]/H^E31 is a suppressor of visible phenotype of rg^γ6 (Shamloula et al., 2002)
Other
Statement Reference H^E31, Ras85D^e1F, pb^hs.PB has visible \| dominant phenotype (Boube et al., 1998, Boube et al., 1998, Boube et al., 1998)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference H^E31 has anterior orbital bristle phenotype, enhanceable by CtBP[+]/CtBP^87De-10 (Barolo et al., 2002) H^E31 has macrochaeta phenotype, enhanceable by CtBP[+]/CtBP^87De-10 (Barolo et al., 2002) H^E31 has macrochaeta phenotype, enhanceable by gro^E73/gro[+] (Barolo et al., 2002) H^E31 has macrochaeta phenotype, enhanceable by insv^unspecified (Duan et al., 2011) H^E31 has macrochaeta phenotype, enhanceable by Pros26[+]/Prosβ6¹ (Schweisguth, 1999) H^E31 has macrochaeta phenotype, enhanceable by Prosβ2¹/Prosbeta2[+] (Schweisguth, 1999) H^E31 has microchaeta phenotype, enhanceable by Pros26[+]/Prosβ6¹ (Schweisguth, 1999) H^E31 has microchaeta phenotype, enhanceable by Prosβ2¹/Prosbeta2[+] (Schweisguth, 1999) H^E31 has ocellar bristle phenotype, enhanceable by gro^E73/gro[+] (Barolo et al., 2002) H^E31 has sense organ \| adult stage phenotype, enhanceable by E(spl)m8-HLH^K1K2mut (Lai et al., 1998) H^E31 has sense organ \| adult stage phenotype, enhanceable by E(spl)m8-HLH^K:CAACdel (Lai et al., 1998) H^E31 has tormogen cell \| ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by insv^unspecified (Duan et al., 2011) H^E31 has trichogen cell phenotype, enhanceable by insv^unspecified (Duan et al., 2011) H^E31 has wing vein L5 phenotype, enhanceable by neur^Scer\UAS.cLa/Scer\GAL4^VMQ (Lai and Rubin, 2001) H^E31 has wing vein L5 phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^VMQ/neur^{αRING.Scer\UAS} (Lai and Rubin, 2001) H^E31 has wing vein phenotype, enhanceable by neur^Scer\UAS.cLa/Scer\GAL4^VMQ (Lai and Rubin, 2001) H^E31 has wing vein phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^VMQ/neur^{αRING.Scer\UAS} (Lai and Rubin, 2001)
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference H^E31 has sense organ \| adult stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by E(spl)m8-HLH^tLa (Lai et al., 1998)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference H^E31 has chaeta \| somatic clone phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^tub.PU/insv^Scer\UAS.cDa (Duan et al., 2011) H^E31 has wing vein L5 phenotype, suppressible by CG6194[+]/CG6194^P0997 (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference H[+]/H^E31 is an enhancer of macrochaeta phenotype of Prosβ2¹ (Schweisguth, 1999) H[+]/H^E31 is an enhancer of macrochaeta phenotype of Prosβ6¹ (Schweisguth, 1999) H[+]/H^E31 is an enhancer of microchaeta phenotype of Prosβ2¹ (Schweisguth, 1999) H[+]/H^E31 is an enhancer of microchaeta phenotype of Prosβ6¹ (Schweisguth, 1999)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference H[+]/H^E31 is a suppressor \| partially of eye phenotype of eyg¹/eyg^M3-12 (Chao et al., 2004) H[+]/H^E31 is a suppressor \| partially of head phenotype of eyg^M3-12 (Chao et al., 2004) H[+]/H^E31 is a suppressor of chaeta \| heat sensitive phenotype of N^l1N-ts1 (Barolo et al., 2002) H[+]/H^E31 is a suppressor of eye phenotype of rg^γ6 (Shamloula et al., 2002) H[+]/H^E31 is a suppressor of wing margin phenotype of Bx¹ (Bejarano et al., 2008) H[+]/H^E31 is a suppressor of wing margin phenotype of sno^71e3 (Majumdar et al., 1997) H^E31 is a suppressor \| partially of wing disc phenotype of ap^UGO35 (Klein et al., 2000) H^E31 is a suppressor of wing disc phenotype of Psn^I2 (Koelzer and Klein, 2006) H^E31 is a suppressor of wing disc phenotype of Psn^I2/Psn^B3 (Klein et al., 2000) H^E31 is a suppressor of wing margin phenotype of Psn^I2/Psn^B3 (Klein et al., 2000)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference H^E31/H^E31 is a non-suppressor of wing disc phenotype of ap^rK568/ap^UGO35 (Koelzer and Klein, 2006, Koelzer and Klein, 2006) H^E31 is a non-suppressor of wing disc phenotype of Su(H)⁸/Su(H)² (Klein et al., 2000)
Other
Statement Reference H^E31, ap^UGO35 has wing margin phenotype (Klein et al., 2000, Klein et al., 2000) H^E31, Ras85D^e1F, pb^hs.PB has sensillum campaniformium of dorsal radius phenotype (Boube et al., 1998, Boube et al., 1998, Boube et al., 1998) H^E31, Ras85D^e1F, pb^hs.PB has wing vein L4 phenotype (Boube et al., 1998, Boube et al., 1998, Boube et al., 1998) H^E31, Ras85D^e1F, pb^hs.PB has wing vein L5 phenotype (Boube et al., 1998, Boube et al., 1998, Boube et al., 1998)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference insv[unspecified] ; H[E31]/+ flies show double socketing of nearly all external sensory organs on the notum. Homozygous H[E31] clones in the adult notum which are also expressing insv[Scer\UAS.cDa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[tub.PU] can develop external sensory organ structures. (Duan et al., 2011) H[E31] Su(H)[del47] double mutant intestinal stem cell (ISC) clones show an overproliferation of small ISC-like cells, as occurs in Su(H)[del47] single mutant clones. H[E31] Df(3R)E(spl)δ-6 double mutant intestinal stem cell (ISC) clones show an overproliferation of small ISC-like cells, as occurs in Su(H)[del47] single mutant clones. (Bardin et al., 2010) In contrast to Psn^I2 single mutants, the dorsal/ventral boundary forms correctly in H^E31; Psn^I2 double mutants. (Koelzer and Klein, 2006) CtBP^87De-10 dominantly enhances the bristle defects seen in H^E31/+ flies. This enhancement is almost entirely due to shaft-socket transformations, with only a mild effect on bristle loss. gro^E73 dominantly enhances the bristle defects seen in H^E31/+ flies. Both the shaft-to-socket and bristle loss phenotypes are enhanced. (Barolo et al., 2002) The shortening of wing vein L5 seen in H^E31/+ flies is suppressed by CG6194^P0997/+. (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001) ap^UGO35,H^E31 double mutants have large wing pouches with no margin structures. (Klein et al., 2000) Double heterozygotes of H^E31 with Pros26¹ or Prosβ2¹ show strong synergistic enhancement of the double socket bristle and microchaete phenotypes. (Schweisguth, 1999) pb^hs.PB H^E31/Ras85D^e1F triple heterozygotes have deletions of the distal portions of wing veins L4 and L5, up to and including the posterior crossvein. The spacing and position of the campaniform sensilla along the proximo-distal axis of wing vein L3 is altered. (Boube et al., 1998) The heterozygous phenotype is enhanced by a single copy of E(spl)^K1K2mut or E(spl)^K:CAACdel but not by E(spl)^tLa. (Lai et al., 1998)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Comments
Stocks ( 0 )

Notes on Origin
Discoverer

Comments
	Germ line clonal analysis indicates that H activity is not essential for embryogenesis. (Schweisguth and Lecourtois, 1998) H²⁰/H^E31 is used as the standard null genotype. (Bang et al., 1995) Double mutant analysis fails to establish a strict epistatic relationship between H and Su(H) for the specification of sensory organ precursor fate. (Schweisguth and Posakony, 1994)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 2 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	H³¹ (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001, Furriols and Bray, 2000) H^E31 (Koelzer and Klein, 2006, Duan et al., 2011, Bejarano et al., 2008, Walrad et al., 2011, Bardin et al., 2010, Stern et al., 2009)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 25 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 25 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 25 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Duan et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(15): 3120--3133 Insensitive is a corepressor for Suppressor of Hairless and regulates Notch signalling during neural development. [FBrf0214638] Walrad et al., 2011, Mol. Biol. Cell 22(8): 1364--1374 Hairless is a cofactor for Runt-dependent transcriptional regulation. [FBrf0213441] Show all research papers ...

Allele Dmel\HE31

Allele Dmel\H^E31