Allele Dmel\Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0038992
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\Rac1

Allele class
Mutagen	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class
Mutagen	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion (Luo et al., 1994)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Construct: Amino acid replacement: S89L. A dominant-negative form of Rac1 is expressed under the control of Scer\UAS regulatory sequences. (Luo et al., 1994)
Carried in construct	P{UAS-Rac1.L89} (Medioni and Noselli, 2005, Kaufmann et al., 1998, Sepp and Auld, 2003, Prokopenko et al., 1999, Magie et al., 2002, Luo et al., 1994, Paululat et al., 1999, Lee and Luo, 1999, Long et al., 2006, Lovegrove et al., 2006, Pirraglia et al., 2006, Paladi and Tepass, 2004, Beckett et al., 2008, Assaker et al., 2010)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal \| first instar larval stage (Luo et al., 1994) lethal \| first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4⁶⁰ (Luo et al., 1994) lethal \| first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^how-24B (Luo et al., 1994) neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF (Long et al., 2006) visible, with Scer\GAL4⁵⁴ (Lee and Luo, 1999)
Phenotype Manifest In
	abdominal intersegmental nerve (Luo et al., 1994) abdominal intersegmental nerve, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 (Kaufmann et al., 1998) axon, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 (Kaufmann et al., 1998) border follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4^slbo.2.6 (Medioni and Noselli, 2005, Assaker et al., 2010) embryonic myoblast, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.5xCD (Beckett et al., 2008) eye, with Scer\GAL4⁵⁴ (Lee and Luo, 1999) macrophage, with Scer\GAL4^{Cg25C-A109.1F2.P} (Paladi and Tepass, 2004) macrophage, with Scer\GAL4^gcm-rA87.P (Paladi and Tepass, 2004) myoblast, with Scer\GAL4^how-24B (Luo et al., 1994) peripheral glial cell, with Scer\GAL4^repo (Sepp and Auld, 2003) photoreceptor cell & axon, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF (Long et al., 2006) polar follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4^slbo.2.6 (Medioni and Noselli, 2005) presumptive embryonic salivary gland, with Scer\GAL4^fkh.PH (Pirraglia et al., 2006) primordium of embryonic/larval spiracle, with Scer\GAL4^ems.HRE (Lovegrove et al., 2006)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Expression of Rac1[L89.Scer\UAS] driven by Scer\GAL4[slbo.2.6] results in the impairment of border cell migration during egg chamber development. (Assaker et al., 2010) Expression of Rac1[L89.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[Mef2.5xCD] results in a small number of unfused myoblasts in the embryo. (Beckett et al., 2008) Expression of Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF results in severe defects in the R-cell projection pattern in the optic lobe. (Long et al., 2006) Expression of Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^ems.HRE eliminates the spiracular chamber. (Lovegrove et al., 2006) Most salivary gland cells invaginate in embryos expressing Rac1[L89.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[fkh.PH], forming a tube with a slightly expanded lumen compared to wild type. At the stage when wild-type salivary gland cells turn to migrate posteriorly, the mutant lumen is thinner at its midpoint than normal or is completely broken, while the gland proper remains intact. At later stages, the salivary gland proper separates into pieces in the mutant embryos, with one segment at the surface of the embryo and another piece internal. 100% of stage 14 mutant embryos show this broken salivary gland phenotype. (Pirraglia et al., 2006) Expression of Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS in border cells, driven by Scer\GAL4^slbo.2.6, inhibits the migration of border cell clusters to the oocyte. However, the apical cap of these egg chambers forms and is shed normally. (Medioni and Noselli, 2005) Embryos expressing Rac1[L89.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[gcm-rA87.P] show a delay in macrophage migration; mutant embryos have a larger macrophage free area ventrally at stage 13 than wild-type embryos, and a ventral region devoid of macrophages also persists at later stages in the mutant embryos. Expression of Rac1[L89.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[Cg25C-A109.1F2.P] causes some clustering of macrophages at stage 17 and they extend more prominent cellular protrusions than normal. (Paladi and Tepass, 2004) Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS driven by Scer\GAL4^repo produces embryos that show ectopic lamellar like projections as well as failed inter-connection of the lateral line glia. The underlying sensory axonal tracts defasciculate. Misplacements od sensory appear to be associated with glia. (Sepp and Auld, 2003) When expression is driven by Scer\GAL4⁵⁴ the eye is deformed. (Lee and Luo, 1999) Expression of Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS by Scer\GAL4^prd.RG1 has no effect on cytokinesis or mitosis. (Prokopenko et al., 1999) Scer\GAL4^elav-C155-mediated expression causes early ISNb growth cone arrest, axons never reach distal muscle targets. Scer\GAL4^elav-C155-mediated expression slightly disrupts CNS axon pathway, gaps between segments suggest failure in axon extension. Coexpression of Rac1^Scer\UAS.cLa under the same Scer\GAL4 driver causes a massive failure in axon extension, dramatically enhancing the effect of Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS. Axons that do extend follow abnormal trajectories. (Kaufmann et al., 1998) Only 15% embryos die when in combination with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu, surviving adults are completely viable. When in combination with Scer\GAL4¹⁴⁰⁷ one copy of Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS causes some axonal loss between the lateral and dorsal clusters, two copies causes greater loss. One copy of Rac1^Scer\UAS.cLa ameliorates this axonal loss. Scer\GAL4^how-24B causes excessive fusion of the segmentally repeated myoblast cells. (Luo et al., 1994)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF has neuroanatomy defective phenotype, enhanceable by bur^e10/bur[+] (Long et al., 2006)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF has photoreceptor cell & axon phenotype, enhanceable by bur^e10/bur[+] (Long et al., 2006) Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS, Scer\GAL4^slbo.2.6 has border follicle cell phenotype, enhanceable by Rab11^{S25N.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-YFP}, Scer\GAL4^slbo.2.6 (Assaker et al., 2010)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS, Scer\GAL4^fkh.PH has presumptive embryonic salivary gland phenotype, suppressible by shg[+]/shg² (Pirraglia et al., 2006) Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS has phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL80^αTub84B.PL/Scer\GAL4⁵⁴ (Lee and Luo, 1999)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference Co-expression of Rab11[S25N.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-YFP] with Rac1[L89.Scer\UAS] driven by Scer\GAL4[slbo.2.6] enhances the border follicle cell migration phenotype associated with Rac1[L89.Scer\UAS] expression. (Assaker et al., 2010) The R-cell axon projection defects caused by expression of Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF are enhanced by bur^e10/+. (Long et al., 2006) The salivary gland defects seen in embryos expressing Rac1[L89.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[fkh.PH] are strongly suppressed by shg[2]/+. (Pirraglia et al., 2006)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Comments
Stocks ( 4 )
Bloomington	6290 w^; P{UAS-Rac1.L89}6 5129 w^; P{GawB}LL54, P{UAS-Rac1.L89}6/CyO
Kyoto	108723 y¹ w^; P{UAS-Rac1.L89}6 108060 w^; P{GawB}LL54, P{UAS-Rac1.L89}6/CyO
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 6 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	DRac1^L89.6 (Paladi and Tepass, 2000) Drac1^L89 (Paululat et al., 1999) DRac^L.89 (Medioni and Noselli, 2005) Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS Rac1^L89.UAS Rac1^L89
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBal0038991
References ( 15 )
Research paper	Assaker et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(52): 22558--22563 Spatial restriction of receptor tyrosine kinase activity through a polarized endocytic cycle controls border cell migration. [FBrf0212585] Beckett et al., 2008, Gene Expr. Patterns 8(2): 87--91 Expression and functional analysis of a novel Fusion Competent Myoblast specific GAL4 driver. [FBrf0202959] Long et al., 2006, Genetics 172(3): 1633--1642 De novo GMP synthesis is required for axon guidance in Drosophila. [FBrf0190740] Lovegrove et al., 2006, Curr. Biol. 16(22): 2206--2216 Coordinated control of cell adhesion, polarity, and cytoskeleton underlies Hox-induced organogenesis in Drosophila. [FBrf0194228] Pirraglia et al., 2006, Dev. Biol. 290(2): 435--446 Rac function in epithelial tube morphogenesis. [FBrf0190152] Medioni and Noselli, 2005, Development 132(13): 3069--3077 Dynamics of the basement membrane in invasive epithelial clusters in Drosophila. [FBrf0187473] Paladi and Tepass, 2004, J. Cell Sci. 117(26): 6313--6326 Function of Rho GTPases in embryonic blood cell migration in Drosophila. [FBrf0187835] Sepp and Auld, 2003, Development 130(9): 1825--1835 RhoA and Rac1 GTPases mediate the dynamic rearrangement of actin in peripheral glia. [FBrf0158880] Magie et al., 2002, Development 129(16): 3771--3782 Rho1 interacts with p120(ctn) and alpha-catenin, and regulates cadherin-based adherens junction components in Drosophila. [FBrf0151270] Lee and Luo, 1999, Neuron 22(3): 451--461 Mosaic analysis with a repressible neurotechnique cell marker for studies of gene function in neuronal morphogenesis. [FBrf0107846] Prokopenko et al., 1999, Genes Dev. 13(17): 2301--2314 A putative exchange factor for rho1 GTPase is required for initiation of cytokinesis in Drosophila. [FBrf0111464] Kaufmann et al., 1998, Development 125(3): 453--461 Drosophila Rac1 controls motor axon guidance. [FBrf0100716] Luo et al., 1994, Genes Dev. 8(15): 1787--1802 Distinct morphogenetic functions of similar small GTPases: Drosophila Drac1 is involved in axonal outgrowth and myoblast fusion. [FBrf0076490]
Review	Paululat et al., 1999, Mech. Dev. 83(1,2): 17--26 Essential genes for myoblast fusion in Drosophila embryogenesis. [FBrf0108990]
Abstract	Paladi and Tepass, 2000, A. Dros. Res. Conf. 41: 436C Requirement of Rho GTPases in the development and migration of embryonic hemocytes in Drosophila. [FBrf0126564]

Allele Dmel\Rac1L89.Scer\UAS

Allele Dmel\Rac1^L89.Scer\UAS