Allele Dmel\mxc^G43

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\mxc^G43	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0046149
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\mxc

Allele class
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Santamaria and Randsholt, 1995)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Amino acid replacement: K1482@. (White et al., 2011)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal \| pharate adult stage \| recessive (Docquier et al., 1996, Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) sterile \| recessive (Santamaria and Randsholt, 1995) visible \| dominant \| homeotic (Ruhf et al., 2001) visible \| homeotic (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) visible \| recessive (Saget et al., 1998, Santamaria and Randsholt, 1995)
Phenotype Manifest In
	adult abdominal segment 4 (Santamaria and Randsholt, 1995) adult mesothoracic segment (Santamaria and Randsholt, 1995) antenna (Santamaria and Randsholt, 1995) egg chamber (Docquier et al., 1996) embryonic/larval hemocyte (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) embryonic/larval lymph gland (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) eye (Saget et al., 1998, Santamaria and Randsholt, 1995) gonad \| female (Docquier et al., 1996) lamellocyte (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) leg (Santamaria and Randsholt, 1995) male accessory gland (Docquier et al., 1996) mesothoracic leg (Saget et al., 1998, Ruhf et al., 2001) metathoracic leg (Saget et al., 1998, Ruhf et al., 2001) podocyte (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) sex comb (Saget et al., 1998) testis (Docquier et al., 1996) unguis (Saget et al., 1998) wing (Santamaria and Randsholt, 1995)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Hemizygous larvae have overgrown lymph glands. The lymph gland lobes show increased mitotic activity compared to wild type. The concentration of circulating hemocytes in third instar larvae is significantly increased compared to controls and the fraction of circulating hemocytes that are undergoing cell division is also increased. The larvae show a significant increase in a blood cell type ("podocytes") with large pseudopod-like extensions compared to controls. These cells appear pear-shaped or spindle-shaped. Mutant larvae contain an increased fraction of lamellocytes (2.4%) compared to controls (0.2%). There is hardly any increase in cell death in the lymph glands of mutant larvae compared to controls. 70% of hemizygous lymph glands transplanted into wild-type females show an increase in size 5 days after transplantation, in contrast to wild-type lymph gland transplants, which do not show growth. (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) Transformation of second to first leg. Transformation of third to second leg. (Ruhf et al., 2001) 10 to 35% of hemizygous males show loss of claws and have extra sex comb teeth on the meso- and metathoracic legs. A few individuals have small eyes. (Saget et al., 1998) Most homozygotes die as pharate adults. Lethal in combination with mxc^SO. mxc^G9/mxc^G43 females have fewer egg chambers than wild-type flies, but are fully fertile and fecund. mxc^M1/mxc^G43 females do not lay eggs. Some egg chambers contain the normal number of nurse cells, but oogenesis appears arrested before stage 7-8. Egg chambers degenerate in older flies. Homozygous and mxc^G46/mxc^G43 females have rudimentary gonads and do not lay eggs. The sheaths of the somatic cells that organise the ovarioles are still present and all structures derived from genital imaginal disc appear similar to wild-type. Hemizygous males have short, thin, non-coiling, empty testes, and paragonia are very reduced compared to wild-type. (Docquier et al., 1996) Semi-lethal. Larvae have atrophic gonads. Show occasional floating tumors. Female heterozygotes with mxc¹ or mxc^SO are devoid of germ line. Adult escapers show variably penetrant homeotic transformations. The eye transformation resembles that of Dfd¹. (Santamaria and Randsholt, 1995)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference mxc^G43 has visible \| homeotic phenotype, enhanceable by dom¹⁴/dom[+] (Ruhf et al., 2001)
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference mxc^G43 has visible \| recessive phenotype, non-enhanceable by dpp^d6/dpp^d6 (Saget et al., 1998) mxc^G43 has visible \| recessive phenotype, non-enhanceable by dpp^s1/dpp^s1 (Saget et al., 1998)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference mxc^G43 is an enhancer of visible \| recessive phenotype of dpp^d6 (Saget et al., 1998) mxc^G43 is an enhancer of visible \| recessive phenotype of dpp^s1 (Saget et al., 1998)
Other
Statement Reference Dfd¹, mxc^G43 has visible \| dominant phenotype (Saget et al., 1998)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference mxc^G43 has mesothoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by dom¹⁴/dom[+] (Ruhf et al., 2001) mxc^G43 has metathoracic leg phenotype, enhanceable by dom¹⁴/dom[+] (Ruhf et al., 2001)
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-enhanceable by esc^unspecified (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-enhanceable by mor^unspecified (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-enhanceable by Pc^unspecified (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-enhanceable by Pcl^unspecified (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-enhanceable by Psc^unspecified (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-enhanceable by Scm^unspecified (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-enhanceable by trx^unspecified (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has leg phenotype, non-enhanceable by dpp^s1/dpp^s1 (Saget et al., 1998)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, suppressible by brm[+]/brm² (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, suppressible by Tl^r3/Tl^rv1 (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, suppressible by tub²/tub² (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-suppressible by esc^unspecified (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-suppressible by mor^unspecified (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-suppressible by Pc^unspecified (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-suppressible by Pcl^unspecified (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-suppressible by Psc^unspecified (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-suppressible by Scm^unspecified (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-suppressible by Stat92E[+]/Stat92E⁰⁶³⁴⁶ (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval hemocyte phenotype, non-suppressible by trx^unspecified (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has lamellocyte phenotype, non-suppressible by Tl^r3/Tl^rv1 (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has lamellocyte phenotype, non-suppressible by tub²/tub² (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has phenotype, non-suppressible by ft^G (Saget et al., 1998) mxc^G43 has podocyte phenotype, non-suppressible by Tl^r3/Tl^rv1 (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) mxc^G43 has podocyte phenotype, non-suppressible by tub²/tub² (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference mxc^G43 is an enhancer of antenna \| ectopic phenotype of dpp^d6 (Saget et al., 1998) mxc^G43 is an enhancer of eye phenotype of dpp^d6 (Saget et al., 1998) mxc^G43 is an enhancer of eye phenotype of dpp^s1 (Saget et al., 1998) mxc^G43 is an enhancer of leg \| ectopic phenotype of dpp^d6 (Saget et al., 1998) mxc^G43 is an enhancer of tarsal segment phenotype of dpp^d6 (Saget et al., 1998) mxc^G43 is an enhancer of unguis phenotype of dpp^s1 (Saget et al., 1998) mxc^G43 is an enhancer of wing phenotype of dpp^d6 (Saget et al., 1998) mxc^G43 is an enhancer of wing vein phenotype of dpp^s1 (Saget et al., 1998)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference mxc^G43 is a suppressor of phenotype of z¹ (Santamaria and Randsholt, 1995)
Other
Statement Reference cact⁷, mxc^G43 has embryonic/larval lymph gland phenotype (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002, Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) Dfd¹, mxc^G43 has adult head phenotype (Saget et al., 1998)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference The increased concentration of circulating hemocytes seen in mxc^G43 larvae is suppressed by tub²/tub² or Tl^rv1/Tl^r3, but the numbers of podocytes and lamellocytes are still increased in the double mutants compared to wild type. The increased concentration of circulating hemocytes seen in mxc^G43 larvae is not suppressed by Stat92E⁰⁶³⁴⁶/+. The concentration of circulating hemocytes in mxc^G43/Y ; cact⁷/cact⁷ larvae is less than the number seen in either single mutant. The lymph glands of the double mutant larvae are very fragile, show severe overgrowth and contain high numbers of differentiated blood cells. There is intense mitotic activity in these glands. There is no increase in apoptotic cell death in these glands. The concentration of circulating hemocytes in mxc^G43/Y ; Tl⁸/+ larvae is less than the number seen in either single mutant. mxc^G43 hop^Tum/Y lymph glands contain differentiated hemocytes. The increased concentration of circulating hemocytes seen in mxc^G43 larvae is suppressed by brm²/+. (Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002) ft^G has no rescuing effect on mxc^G43. The phenotypes of hemizygous mxc^G43 males are not enhanced if the flies are also homozygous for dpp^d6 or dpp^s1. Enhances the phenotype of dpp^d6 and dpp^s1 homozygotes. mxc^G43/Y Dfd¹/+ males have head defects. (Saget et al., 1998)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Comments
Stocks ( 1 )
Bloomington	32183 w¹ mxc^G43/FM7c
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

Comments
	Germline clonal analysis indicates that mxc⁺ function is required in the female germline. (Docquier et al., 1996) The alleles of mxc form a series. From weakest phenotype to strongest phenotype: mxc^G9 < mxc^M1 < mxc^G46 < mxc^G43 < mxc^SO < mxc¹ < mxc^G48. (Santamaria and Randsholt, 1995)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 1 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	mxc^G43 (White et al., 2011, Randsholt, 2009.1.22)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 8 )
Research paper	White et al., 2011, J. Cell Biol. 193(4): 677--694 Drosophila histone locus bodies form by hierarchical recruitment of components. [FBrf0213662] Remillieux-Leschelle et al., 2002, Genetics 162(3): 1259--1274 Regulation of larval hematopoiesis in Drosophila melanogaster: a role for the multi sex combs gene. [FBrf0155516] Ruhf et al., 2001, Development 128(8): 1429--1441 The domino gene of Drosophila encodes novel members of the SWI2/SNF2 family of DNA-dependent ATPases, which contribute to the silencing of homeotic genes. [FBrf0134570] Saget et al., 1998, Genetics 149(4): 1823--1838 Needs and targets for the multi sex combs gene product in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0103357] Docquier et al., 1996, Rouxs Arch. Dev. Biol. 205(5-6): 203--214 The multi sex combs gene of Drosophila melanogaster is required for proliferation of the germline. [FBrf0086384] Santamaria and Randsholt, 1995, Mol. Gen. Genet. 246(3): 282--290 Characterization of a region of the X chromosome of Drosophila including multi sex combs (mxc), a Polycomb group gene which also functions as a tumour suppressor. [FBrf0080370]
Review	Gateff, 1994, Int. J. Dev. Biol. 38(4): 565--590 Tumor suppressor and overgrowth suppressor genes of Drosophila melanogaster: Developmental aspects. [FBrf0080042]
Personal communication to FlyBase	Randsholt, 2009.1.22, Identity of mxc. Identity of mxc. [FBrf0206617]

Allele Dmel\mxcG43

Allele Dmel\mxc^G43