Allele Dmel\tra^unspecified

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\tra^unspecified	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0046609
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\tra
Also Known As	unspecified

Allele class	loss of function allele
Mutagen
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	loss of function allele (Feng et al., 1991)
Mutagen
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	sex-determination defective \| female (Feng et al., 1991, Pane et al., 2005, Rideout et al., 2010)
Phenotype Manifest In
	female genitalia (Feng et al., 1991) gonad (Nothiger et al., 1989)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference XX flies homozygous for tra[unspecified] develop as 'pseudo-males' and are essentially indistinguishable from males in morphology and behavior but are sterile. (Rideout et al., 2010) Heterozygous adults have normal sexual differentiation. (Du et al., 1998) XX dsf^- tra^- animals show the ventral abdominal muscle innervation phenotype, while their XX dsf⁺ tra^- siblings do not, indicating that dsf acts downstream of tra. (Finley et al., 1997) Sxl^M1/X ; tra^unspecified/tra^unspecified and Sxl^M4/X ; tra^unspecified/tra^unspecified larvae have gonads that are indistinguishable from XX ; tra^unspecified/tra^unspecified larvae. Sxl^M1/X ; tra^unspecified/tra^unspecified and Sxl^M4/X ; tra^unspecified/tra^unspecified adult pseudomales often have degenerating cells in the testes. Germ cells in these flies can be either oogenic or spermatogenic (a single animal contains only oogenic or spermatogenic testes, not both). (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1994) XX homozygotes have male internal genitalia. (Feng et al., 1991) Chromosomal females (XX) homozygous for tra^unspecified are transformed into "pseudomales". They are sterile even in the presence of a Y chromosome. The gonads form testes which are generally non-gametogenic, containing degenerated germ cells and debris or gonial cells whose sex cannot be determined. A variable proportion are gametogenic, containing either oogenic or spermatogenic stages of germ cell development (never both in the same gonad). In these cases oogenesis is arrested anywhere between stages S3 and S10A, and spermatogenesis is frequently arrested at the spermatocyte stage, although some later stages of spermatogenic differentiation are seen. Triploid intersexes with a chromosome ratio of 2X:3A are transformed to pseudomales in animals in which all three copies of tra are mutant. The gonads form well developed and nicely coiled testes, which are mostly filled with spermatogenic germ cells which were usually arrested at the spermatocyte stage. (Nothiger et al., 1989)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Suppressed by
Statement Reference tra^unspecified has sex-determination defective \| female phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Ccap\tra^hs.PP (Pane et al., 2005)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference tra[+]/tra^unspecified is an enhancer of sex-determination defective \| dominant \| female phenotype of dsx^D (Nothiger et al., 1987)
Other
Statement Reference Doa⁷, tra^unspecified has sex-determination defective \| female phenotype (Du et al., 1998) Doa⁷/Doa^unspecified, tra^unspecified has sex-determination defective \| dominant \| female phenotype (Du et al., 1998) Doa^Dem, tra^unspecified has sex-determination defective \| female phenotype (Du et al., 1998) Doa^unspecified, tra^unspecified has sex-determination defective \| female phenotype (Du et al., 1998) Doa^unspecified/Doa^Dem, tra^unspecified has sex-determination defective \| dominant \| female phenotype (Du et al., 1998)
Phenotype Manifest In
Other
Statement Reference Doa⁷, tra^unspecified has leg \| female phenotype (Du et al., 1998) Doa⁷/Doa^unspecified, tra^unspecified has leg \| female phenotype (Du et al., 1998) Doa^Dem, tra^unspecified has female genitalia phenotype (Du et al., 1998) Doa^Dem, tra^unspecified has leg \| female phenotype (Du et al., 1998) Doa^Dem, tra^unspecified has tergite \| female phenotype (Du et al., 1998) Doa^unspecified, tra^unspecified has female genitalia phenotype (Du et al., 1998) Doa^unspecified, tra^unspecified has leg \| female phenotype (Du et al., 1998) Doa^unspecified, tra^unspecified has tergite \| female phenotype (Du et al., 1998) Doa^unspecified/Doa^Dem, tra^unspecified has female genitalia phenotype (Du et al., 1998) Doa^unspecified/Doa^Dem, tra^unspecified has leg \| female phenotype (Du et al., 1998) Doa^unspecified/Doa^Dem, tra^unspecified has tergite \| female phenotype (Du et al., 1998)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference XX ; tra^unspecified/+ adults that are also carrying either Doa^unspecified/Doa^Dem or Doa^unspecified/Doa⁷ are clearly intersexual with respect to the number or morphology of sex combs. XX ; Doa^unspecified tra^unspecified/Doa^Dem + adults have genitalia which have characteristics of both sexes, including male-like clasper bristles and anal pads. Pigmentation of abdominal tergites is intermediate to that of the normal male and female phenotypes. (Du et al., 1998) tra^unspecified dsx^D XX double heterozygotes are more masculinised than dsx^D heterozygotes. (Nothiger et al., 1987)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference Expression of Ccap\tra^hs.PP using heat shock in XX ; tra^unspecified animals results in the development of rudimentary or even almost-normal ovaries. However, these animals fail to lay eggs. XY ; Ccap\tra^hs.PP tra^unspecified animals are transformed into somatic females at 25^oC (as occurs in XY ; Ccap\tra^hs.PP animals). However, these individuals have either malformed testes, or lack internal genitalia. (Pane et al., 2005)
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	tra^unspecified is rescued by tra^M4 (Sosnowski et al., 1994) tra^unspecified is rescued by tra^M5 (Sosnowski et al., 1994) tra^unspecified is rescued by tra^M6 (Sosnowski et al., 1994) tra^unspecified is rescued by tra^M7 (Sosnowski et al., 1994) tra^unspecified is rescued by tra^M11 (Sosnowski et al., 1994) tra^unspecified is rescued by tra^M12 (Sosnowski et al., 1994) tra^unspecified is rescued by tra^RB (Belote et al., 1989)
Partially rescued by	tra^unspecified is partially rescued by tra^BL (Butler et al., 1986) tra^unspecified is partially rescued by tra^RB.cBa (Butler et al., 1986)
Not rescued by	tra^unspecified is not rescued by tra^M8 (Sosnowski et al., 1994) tra^unspecified is not rescued by tra^M9 (Sosnowski et al., 1994) tra^unspecified is not rescued by tra^M10 (Sosnowski et al., 1994)
Comments
Stocks ( 0 )

Notes on Origin
Discoverer

External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 2 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	tra^unspecified unspecified (Finley et al., 1997, Amrein and Axel, 1997, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1994, Feng et al., 1991, Schulz and Butler, 1989, Nothiger et al., 1987)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 14 )
Research paper	Rideout et al., 2010, Nat. Neurosci. 13(4): 458--466 Control of sexual differentiation and behavior by the doublesex gene in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0210397] Pane et al., 2005, Genetics 171(2): 615--624 Evolutionary conservation of Ceratitis capitata transformer gene function. [FBrf0190755] Fujii and Amrein, 2002, EMBO J. 21(20): 5353--5363 Genes expressed in the Drosophila head reveal a role for fat cells in sex-specific physiology. [FBrf0151956] Du et al., 1998, Mol. Cell 2(6): 741--750 Protein phosphorylation plays an essential role in the regulation of alternative splicing and sex determination in Drosophila. [FBrf0105811] Amrein and Axel, 1997, Cell 88(4): 459--469 Genes expressed in neurons of adult male Drosophila. [FBrf0092448] Finley et al., 1997, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94(3): 913--918 dissatisfaction, a gene involved in sex-specific behavior and neural development of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0092518] Sosnowski et al., 1994, Dev. Biol. 161(1): 302--312 Multiple portions of a small region of the Drosophila transformer gene are required for efficient in vivo sex-specific regulated RNA splicing and in vitro sex-lethal binding. [FBrf0068695] Steinmann-Zwicky, 1994, Dev. Genet. 15(3): 265--274 Sxl in the germline of Drosophila: A target for somatic late induction. [FBrf0074538] Feng et al., 1991, Dev. Biol. 146: 451--460 Organ-specific patterns of gene expression in the reproductive tract of Drosophila are regulated by the sex-determination genes. [FBrf0053736] Belote et al., 1989, Dev. Genet. 10(3): 143--154 Molecular genetics of transformer, a genetic switch controlling sexual differentiation in Drosophila. [FBrf0049513] Nothiger et al., 1989, Development 107: 505--518 Sex determination in the germ line of Drosophila depends on genetic signals and inductive somatic factors. [FBrf0049556] Schulz and Butler, 1989, Genes Dev. 3: 232--242 Overlapping genes of Drosophila melanogaster: organization of the z600-gonadal-Eip28/29 gene cluster. [FBrf0049815] Nothiger et al., 1987, Genet. Res. (Camb.) 50(2): 113--124 Genetic and developmental analysis of the sex-determining gene doublesex dsx of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0046300] Butler et al., 1986, EMBO J. 5: 3607--3613 The sex-determining gene tra of Drosophila: molecular cloning and transformation studies. [FBrf0044249]

Allele Dmel\traunspecified

Allele Dmel\tra^unspecified