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Allele Dmel\Akt1¹

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Akt11	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0051404
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\Akt1
Also Known As	dPKB1, Akt1, Aktq, dAkt1, Dakt1q, PKB1, q
Map ( GBrowse )
Allele class	loss of function allele
Mutagen
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	loss of function allele (Staveley et al., 1998, Jin et al., 2001)
Mutagen
Mutations Mapped to the Genome
Type Location Additional Notes References point mutation 3R:11,928,020..11,928,020 comment=Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. evidence=experimental na_change=T11928020A pr_change=F408I|Akt1-PC,F327I|Akt1-PB,F327I|Akt1-PA reported_pr_change=F327I (Stocker et al., 2002)
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Amino acid replacement: F327I. Mutation is in a core residue in subdomain VII of the kinase catalytic domain, forming the DFG motif. (Staveley et al., 1998)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	body size defective (with Akt104226) (Vereshchagina et al., 2008) body size defective | embryonic stage | recessive (Scanga et al., 2000) body size defective | pupal stage | recessive (Scanga et al., 2000) body size defective | recessive (Scanga et al., 2000) cell death defective | embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive (Scanga et al., 2000) cell size defective | recessive | somatic clone (Scanga et al., 2000) decreased cell size | somatic clone (Gao and Pan, 2001) increased cell death | germline clone (Staveley et al., 1998) lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | maternal effect (Jin et al., 2001) lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive (Staveley et al., 1998) lethal | larval stage (Junger et al., 2003, Jin et al., 2001) lethal | recessive (Heitzler et al., 1996, Guo and Zhong, 2006) neurophysiology defective | third instar larval stage, with Akt1hs.PS (Guo and Zhong, 2006, Guo and Zhong, 2006, Guo and Zhong, 2006) neurophysiology defective | third instar larval stage (with Akt104226) (Guo and Zhong, 2006) visible | recessive (Scanga et al., 2000) visible | recessive | somatic clone (Potter et al., 2001, Scanga et al., 2000) visible | somatic clone (Junger et al., 2003, Hietakangas and Cohen, 2007)
Phenotype Manifest In
	embryo (Scanga et al., 2000) embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | germline clone | maternal effect (Staveley et al., 1998) eye (Tsuda et al., 2010) eye | somatic clone (Hietakangas and Cohen, 2007, Scanga et al., 2000) head capsule | somatic clone (Junger et al., 2003) neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage, with Akt1hs.PS (Guo and Zhong, 2006, Guo and Zhong, 2006, Guo and Zhong, 2006) neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage (with Akt104226) (Guo and Zhong, 2006) ommatidium (with Akt13) (Stocker et al., 2003) ommatidium | somatic clone (Potter et al., 2001) rhabdomere | somatic clone (Verdu et al., 1999) tracheal branch primordium (Jin et al., 2001) tracheal branch primordium (with Df(3R)sbd45) (Jin et al., 2001) wing hair | somatic clone (Scanga et al., 2000) wing vein | ectopic (with Akt13) (Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference 8% of Akt1[3]/Akt1[1] mutant wings show small ectopic vein-like patches. No ectopic wing vein is seen in either heterozygote. (Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011) Eye size is reduced in an Akt1[1] heterozygous background. (Tsuda et al., 2010) Homozygous clones in the eye show severe undergrowth and the eye is severely reduced compared to wild type. (Hietakangas and Cohen, 2007) Long term synaptic depression at larval neuromuscular junctions is strongly impaired in Akt104226/Akt11 third instar larvae. This effect is seen when LTD is tested using 0.2 or 0.4 mM Ca2+ saline or when high frequency stimulation (40Hz) is used. No effect is seen on long term synaptic depression at larval neuromuscular junctions in Akt11/+ animals. When Akt11/Akt11; Akt1hs.PS animals are raised at 25'C with daily heat-shocks and then switched to 18'C for 24-36 hours following the last heat shock and prior to harvesting as late third instar larvae, long term synaptic depression (LTD) at neuro-muscular junctions is severely disrupted. However LTD is normal if the heat shock regime is continued to the time of testing. (Guo and Zhong, 2006) Head capsule reduced - pinhead phenotype. (Junger et al., 2003) Ommatidial size in Akt11/Akt13 flies is reduced to 0.65 of wild-type. (Stocker et al., 2003) Homozygous mutant clones in the eye have smaller cells and are rarely recovered in adults. (Gao and Pan, 2001) Akt11 germ-line clones lead to 100% maternal effect embryonic lethality with embryonic extensive cell death. Akt11 homozygotes die as larvae, and appear to be phenotypically identical to Akt11/Df(3R)sbd45 animals. Stage 16 Akt11/Df(3R)sbd45 embryos have only very mild tracheal branching defects. (Jin et al., 2001) Homozygous clones in the eye contain ommatidia which are smaller than normal. (Potter et al., 2001) Akt1[1] mutants lacking both maternal and zygotic Akt1 function exhibit ectopic and widespread apoptosis. Homozygous Akt1[1] mutant larvae, pupae and adults are significantly smaller in size than Akt1[1]/+ heterozygous animals. Cells of somatic clones of Akt1[1] mutant cells in the wing are smaller in size than their Akt1[1]/+ neighbours. Flow cytometry of dissociated Akt1[1] mutant wing imaginal cells confirms that the mutant cells are smaller than similarly treated wild-type cells. Eyes composed of somatic clones of Akt1[1] mutant cells are smaller in size as compared to wild-type eyes. (Scanga et al., 2000) Rhabdomeres are reduced in size in homozygous clones in the eye. In mosaic ommatidia, both small and normal sized rhabdomeres can be present. Homozygous clones are rare and small and are only obtained when they are induced during the third larval instar stage. (Verdu et al., 1999) Embryos derived from germline clones lack portions of cuticle at the end of embryogenesis. In the absence of zygotic Akt1 embryos show almost complete loss of cuticle, embryos with some zygotic activity exhibit loss of cuticular head and dorsal structures. Heat induced expression of Akt1, maternally and zygotically, allows the reappearance of most cuticle structures. AO staining of embryos derived from germline clones shows extensive apoptosis. By stage 8 TUNEL signal reveals extensive DNA fragmentation. (Staveley et al., 1998) Semi-viable. Homozygotes are fertile and hemizygotes are lethal. (Heitzler et al., 1996)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Suppressed by
Statement Reference Akt11, Akt104226, Akt104226 has body size defective phenotype, suppressible by wdb[+]/wdbIP (Vereshchagina et al., 2008) Akt11 has decreased cell size | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Tsc129 (Gao and Pan, 2001) Akt11 has increased cell death | germline clone phenotype, suppressible by BacA\p35hs.PS (Staveley et al., 1998) Akt11 has lethal | larval stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by foxo25/foxo21 (Junger et al., 2003) Akt11 has lethal phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4arm.PS/Btau\AKT1Scer\UAS.cSa (Staveley et al., 1998) Akt11 has visible | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible | partially by foxo25 (Junger et al., 2003)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference Akt1[+]/Akt11 is a non-enhancer of size defective | adult stage phenotype of sl9 (Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference Akt1[+]/Akt11 is a suppressor | partially of increased cell number | adult stage phenotype of sl2 (Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011) Akt1[+]/Akt11 is a suppressor | partially of lethal | late third instar larval stage phenotype of Df(2L)flp170B/Pten3 (Vereshchagina et al., 2008) Akt1[+]/Akt11 is a suppressor of size defective | adult stage phenotype of sl2 (Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011) Akt1[+]/Akt11 is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Pdk1A467V.Scer\UAS, Scer\GAL4ap-md544 (Rintelen et al., 2001) Akt11/Akt13 is a suppressor of lethal | recessive | larval stage phenotype of Ptenunspecified (Stocker et al., 2002) Akt11/Akt13 is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Pi3K92EScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF (Radimerski et al., 2002) Akt11 is a suppressor of tumorigenic | somatic clone phenotype of Ras85DV12.Scer\UAS, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI/Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI, scrib1 (Igaki et al., 2006) Akt11 is a suppressor of tumorigenic | somatic clone phenotype of Ras85DV12.Scer\UAS, scrib1 (Igaki et al., 2006)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference Akt11 is a non-suppressor of lethal | recessive | larval stage phenotype of Ptenunspecified (Stocker et al., 2002) Akt11 is a non-suppressor of visible | somatic clone phenotype of Tsc1Q600X (Potter et al., 2001)
Other
Statement Reference Akt11, Df(2L)Pi3K21B-A/+ has partially lethal - majority die phenotype (Jin et al., 2001) Akt11, foxo25 has lethal phenotype (Liu and Lehmann, 2006) Akt11/Akt13, Hsap\FOXO3Scer\UAS.cFa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has visible phenotype (Junger et al., 2003, Junger et al., 2003) Akt11/Akt13, Pten117 has viable phenotype (Lee et al., 2003, Lee et al., 2003)
Phenotype Manifest In
Suppressed by
Statement Reference Akt11 has head capsule | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible | partially by foxo25 (Junger et al., 2003)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference Akt1[+]/Akt11 is a non-enhancer of wing blade phenotype of sl9 (Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011) Akt1[+]/Akt11 is a non-enhancer of wing vein | ectopic phenotype of sl2 (Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference Akt1[+]/Akt11 is a suppressor | partially of photoreceptor cell R7 | adult stage phenotype of sl2 (Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011) Akt1[+]/Akt11 is a suppressor of eye phenotype of POSHScer\UAS.cSa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, egrScer\UAS.cMa (Tsuda et al., 2010) Akt1[+]/Akt11 is a suppressor of wing blade phenotype of sl2 (Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011) Akt1[+]/Akt11 is a suppressor of wing phenotype of Pdk1A467V.Scer\UAS, Scer\GAL4ap-md544 (Rintelen et al., 2001) Akt11/Akt13 is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Pi3K92EScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF (Radimerski et al., 2002) Akt11/Akt13 is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Ptendj189/Pten117 (Pinal et al., 2006) Akt11/Akt13 is a suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of Pi3K92EScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF (Radimerski et al., 2002) Akt11/Akt13 is a suppressor of rhabdomere phenotype of Ptendj189/Pten117 (Pinal et al., 2006) Akt11 is a suppressor | partially of tracheal primordium | ectopic phenotype of Scer\GAL4arm.PS, trhS665D.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG (Jin et al., 2001) Akt11 is a suppressor of tracheal primordium | ectopic phenotype of Scer\GAL4arm.PS, trhScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG (Jin et al., 2001)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference Akt11/Akt13 is a non-suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of RhebEP50.084, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF (Stocker et al., 2003) Akt11 is a non-suppressor of eye phenotype of wdbIP (Vereshchagina et al., 2008) Akt11 is a non-suppressor of ommatidium | somatic clone phenotype of Tsc1Q600X (Potter et al., 2001)
Other
Statement Reference Akt11, Df(2L)Pi3K21B-A/+ has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype (Jin et al., 2001) Akt11, foxo25 has embryonic/larval salivary gland phenotype (Liu and Lehmann, 2006) Akt11/Akt13, Hsap\FOXO3Scer\UAS.cFa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye phenotype (Junger et al., 2003, Junger et al., 2003) Akt11/Akt13, Ptendj189/Pten117 has lipid particle & nurse cell phenotype (Vereshchagina and Wilson, 2006)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference One copy of Akt1[1] suppresses the reduction in wing blade area seen in homozygous sl[2] males, resulting in wings that are larger than wild type. One copy of Akt1[1] does not enhance the reduction in wing blade area seen in homozygous sl[9] males. One copy of Akt1[1] does not enhance the ectopic wing vein phenotype seen in sl[2] homozygotes. One copy of Akt1[1] partially suppresses the percentage of sl[2] mutant ommatidia that contain extra R7 photoreceptors. (Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011) Eye size in POSH[Scer\UAS.cSa] egr[Scer\UAS.cMa] (Scer\GAL4[GMR.PF] overexpression mutants is reduced in an Akt1[1] heterozygous background. (Tsuda et al., 2010) 77% of Pten[3]/Df(2L)flp170B animals survive to adulthood in the presence of Akt1[1]/+. Akt1[1], wdb[IP] double mutant eye clones fail to differentiate ommatidia. (Vereshchagina et al., 2008) The presence of an Akt1[1] mutant background considerably reduces the tumour load in scrib[1] mutant clones expressing Ras85D[V12.Scer\UAS] (under the control of Scer\GAL4[Act5C.PI]) using the FLP/FRT system but does not impair metastatic behaviour. (Igaki et al., 2006) foxo25 Akt11 double homozygotes show considerable lethality; most animals die before the pupal stage, with most of the remaining animals dying as pupae and only a few escapers eclosing as adults. 71% of pupae still contain intact salivary glands at 20 hours after puparium formation (this is approximately 6 hours after the glands are normally destroyed in wild-type animals). (Liu and Lehmann, 2006) The rhabdomere defects seen in Pten[117]/Pten[dj189] mutant fly eyes are rescued in a Akt1[1]/Akt1[3] mutant background. In these animals photoreceptor cell morphology is close to wild-type and eyes display a low frequency of deformed rhabdomeres. (Pinal et al., 2006) The nurse cells of Ptendj189/Pten117; Akt13/Akt11 viable females show normal lipid storage, while clones of Pten alleles show formation of large lipid droplets. (Vereshchagina and Wilson, 2006) Akt1;foxo double mutants develop into small pharate adults, most of which fail to eclose. (Junger et al., 2003) The large size and disorganisation of ommatidia in Scer\GAL4GMR.PF/+; RhebEP50.084/+ flies is unaffected by Akt11/Akt13. (Stocker et al., 2003) The enlarged eye and ommatidia phenotype caused by expression of Pi3K92EScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC under the control of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is completely suppressed in a Akt11/Akt13 background. (Radimerski et al., 2002) Ptenunspecified flies rescued by the combination Akt11/Akt13 are wild-type in size. Ptenunspecified ; Akt11/Akt13 flies have essentially normal ommatidia and rhabdomeres in the eye and the wings show normal venation. (Stocker et al., 2002) Tsc129, Akt11 double mutant clones in the eye, show a similar size increase as seen in Tsc129 mutant clones alone. (Gao and Pan, 2001) Akt11/+ is embryonic semi-lethal in combination Df(2L)Pi3K21B-A/+. By the end of embryogenesis these animals show severe loss of cuticle. (Jin et al., 2001) Clones in the eye doubly mutant for Akt11 and Tsc1Q600X show the Tsc1Q600X single mutant phenotype of enlarged ommatidia. (Potter et al., 2001) DNA fragmentation phenotype is not suppressed by loss of rpr, grim and W (Df(3L)H99). (Staveley et al., 1998)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference Apoptosis seen in embryos derived from germline clones is effectively blocked by BacA\p35hs.PS. Scer\GAL4arm.PS-mediated expression of Btau\AKT1Scer\UAS.cSa also rescues lethality at a low efficiency. (Staveley et al., 1998)
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	Akt11 is rescued by Akt1hs.PS (Staveley et al., 1998, Scanga et al., 2000, Guo and Zhong, 2006, Guo and Zhong, 2006) Akt11 is rescued by Akt1S505A.tub (Hietakangas and Cohen, 2007) Akt11 is rescued by Akt1tub.PH (Hietakangas and Cohen, 2007) Akt11 is rescued by Scer\GAL4arm.PS/Akt1Scer\UAS.cSa (Staveley et al., 1998)
Not rescued by	Akt11 is not rescued by Akt1R45A.tub (Hietakangas and Cohen, 2007) Akt11 is not rescued by Akt1T342A.tub (Hietakangas and Cohen, 2007)
Comments	Scer\GAL4arm.PS-mediated expression of Akt1Scer\UAS.cSa rescues lethality. (Staveley et al., 1998)
Stocks ( 0 )
Notes on Origin
Discoverer
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 14 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Akt11 (Pinal et al., 2006, Vereshchagina et al., 2008, Tsuda et al., 2010) Akt1 (Vereshchagina and Wilson, 2006, Koike-Kumagai et al., 2009) akt1 (Guo and Zhong, 2006, Igaki et al., 2006, Igaki et al., 2006) akt89Bq1 (Potter et al., 2001) Aktq (Jin et al., 2001, Gao and Pan, 2001) AKTq (Hietakangas and Cohen, 2007) aktq (Kockel et al., 2010) Dakt1q (Radimerski et al., 2002, Staveley et al., 1998, Scanga et al., 2000) dAkt1 (Lee et al., 2003, Stocker et al., 2002, Rintelen et al., 2001) Daktq1 (Kohanski, 2002) dPKB1 (Junger et al., 2003, Radimerski et al., 2002, Oldham and Hafen, 2003, Radimerski et al., 2002, Liu and Lehmann, 2006) l(3)89Bq (Verdu et al., 1999) PKB1 (Stocker et al., 2003, Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011) q (Staveley et al., 1998, Scanga et al., 2000)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 29 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 29 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 25 ) Supplementary material  ( 1 ) Review  ( 1 ) Abstract  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 1 )
	Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(11): e28067 Insulin Receptor-Mediated Signaling via Phospholipase C-γ Regulates Growth and Differentiation in Drosophila. [FBrf0216849] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...