Allele Dmel\ap^md544

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\ap^md544	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0051787
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\ap
Also Known As	ap^GAL4

Allele class	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	P-element activity
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence (O'Keefe et al., 1998)
Mutagen	P-element activity (Calleja, 1996.10.16)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference P{EP} insertion is in reverse orientation relative to the direction of transcription. (Bejarano et al., 2008)
Caused by insertion	P{GawB}ap^md544 (Calleja, 1996.10.16, Milan and Cohen, 1999, Milan et al., 2001, Milan and Cohen, 2003, Rincon-Limas et al., 2000, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, van Meyel et al., 1999, van Meyel et al., 2000, Benveniste et al., 1998, Rincon-Limas et al., 1999, Pueyo and Couso, 2004, O'Keefe et al., 1998, Bejarano et al., 2008)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal (with ap^rK568) (Delanoue et al., 2002) lethal (with ap^UGO35) (Rincon-Limas et al., 2000) neuroanatomy defective (with ap^P44) (O'Keefe et al., 1998, Herzig et al., 2001) short lived (with ap^UGO35) (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999) sterile (with ap^UGO35) (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999, Rincon-Limas et al., 2000) sterile \| recessive (O'Keefe et al., 1998) uncoordinated \| recessive (O'Keefe et al., 1998) visible, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^{ΔHD.Scer\UAS} (O'Keefe et al., 1998) visible (with ap^P44) (van Meyel et al., 1999, Milan and Cohen, 1999, O'Keefe et al., 1998) visible (with ap^P44), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^{ΔHD.Scer\UAS} (O'Keefe et al., 1998) visible (with ap^rK568) (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, Tomoyasu et al., 2009) visible (with ap^ts78j) (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe et al., 1998) visible (with ap^ts78j), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^{ΔHD.Scer\UAS} (O'Keefe et al., 1998) visible (with ap^UGO35) (Milan et al., 2001, Milan and Cohen, 1999, Rincon-Limas et al., 1999, Weihe et al., 2001) visible \| recessive (O'Keefe et al., 1998, Rincon-Limas et al., 1999)
Phenotype Manifest In
	axon (with ap^P44) (O'Keefe et al., 1998, van Meyel et al., 2000) embryonic/larval neuron (with ap^P44) (van Meyel et al., 2000) embryonic deuterocerebrum (with ap^P44) (Herzig et al., 2001) embryonic protocerebrum (with ap^P44) (Herzig et al., 2001) haltere (with ap^UGO35) (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999) interneuron \| embryonic stage (with ap^P44) (Herzig et al., 2001, van Meyel et al., 2000) longitudinal connective (with ap^P44) (O'Keefe et al., 1998, van Meyel et al., 2000) ovary (with ap^UGO35) (Rincon-Limas et al., 2000) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (with ap^P44) (O'Keefe et al., 1998) pretarsus (with ap^UGO35) (Pueyo and Couso, 2004, Pueyo et al., 2000) pretarsus (with Df(2R)nap1) (Pueyo and Couso, 2004, Pueyo et al., 2000) scutellum (with ap^UGO35) (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999) tarsal segment 4 (with ap^UGO35) (Pueyo and Couso, 2004, Pueyo et al., 2000) tarsal segment 4 (with Df(2R)nap1) (Pueyo and Couso, 2004, Pueyo et al., 2000) wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^{HA-B.Scer\UAS}, ap^ts78j (Rincon-Limas et al., 2000) wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^{ΔHD.Scer\UAS} (O'Keefe et al., 1998) wing (with ap^P44) (van Meyel et al., 1999, Milan and Cohen, 1999, O'Keefe et al., 1998) wing (with ap^P44), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^Scer\UAS.cOa (O'Keefe et al., 1998) wing (with ap^P44), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^{ΔHD.Scer\UAS} (O'Keefe et al., 1998) wing (with ap^rK568) (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) wing (with ap^ts78j) (Rincon-Limas et al., 2000, O'Keefe et al., 1998) wing (with ap^ts78j), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^{HA-B.Scer\UAS} (Rincon-Limas et al., 2000) wing (with ap^ts78j), with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^{ΔHD.Scer\UAS} (O'Keefe et al., 1998) wing (with ap^UGO35) (Milan et al., 2001, Milan and Cohen, 1999, Rincon-Limas et al., 1999, Rincon-Limas et al., 2000, Weihe et al., 2001) wing \| heat sensitive (with ap^ts78j) (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) wing disc (Milan and Cohen, 2003) wing disc (with ap^rK568) (Milan and Cohen, 2003) wing disc (with ap^UGO35) (Milan and Cohen, 1999, Milan and Cohen, 2003) wing disc \| dorsal/ventral compartment boundary (with ap^rK568) (Milan et al., 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) wing disc \| dorsal/ventral compartment boundary (with ap^UGO35) (Milan et al., 2001) wing margin (with ap^rK568) (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) wing margin (with ap^ts78j) (Rincon-Limas et al., 2000, O'Keefe et al., 1998) wing margin (with ap^UGO35) (Milan et al., 2001) wing margin bristle (with ap^UGO35) (Milan and Cohen, 1999)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference In ap^UGO35/ap^md544 and in ap^md544/Df(2R)nap1 flies, the fourth tarsal segment is almost completely lost. The remnant is fused to the fifth tarsal segment. Other segments are normal. (Pueyo and Couso, 2004) Mutant animals show a weak phenotype in the wing disc, the dorsal ventral affinity boundary is disrupted. The phenotype is stronger in ap^rK568/ap^md544 animals and stronger still with ap^UGO35/ap^md544. (Milan and Cohen, 2003) Neurons which normally express ap (Ap neurons) are still present and extend axons in ap^P44/ap^md544 embryonic brains. However, Ap brain interneurons show defasciculation and pathfinding defects in these animals. The most severe defects are seen in the deutocerebrum, where the two pairs of Ap neuronal cell bodies are positioned incorrectly. These neurons do not appear to undergo the movements seen in wild-type embryos and never become localised on the inner surface of the developing deutocerebrum, instead remaining on the outer surface, with their axons projecting aberrantly along the frontal commissure of the stomatogastric nervous system or in rare cases along the recurrent nerve. The cell bodies of the Ap neurons in the protocerebrum appear to be positioned properly and have a normal size and shape, but many of their commissural axons fail to form commissural fascicles correctly and often leave their commissural bundle and cross over to grow along a neighbouring fascicle. This defect is seen in 30% of cases. Ap neurons that innervate the ring gland have normal axonal projection patterns. Fas2-expressing commissural fascicles are indistinguishable from wild type. (Herzig et al., 2001) The wing margin is reduced and the wing is considerably smaller than normal in ap^md544/ap^UGO35 flies. When present, wing margin bristles have ventral identity. (Milan et al., 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 wing discs do not form a smooth boundary between dorsal and ventral cells. (Milan et al., 2001) The D/V compartment boundary of ap^rK568/ap^md544 wing discs is highly irregular (in contrast to wild type). The resulting adult wings are almost completely eliminated and show no evidence of a wing margin. ap^ts78j/ap^md544 flies show a nearly complete loss of wings at 25^oC. (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 fail to develop normal wings. (Weihe et al., 2001) Transheterozygotes with Df(2R)nap1 show fusion of tarsus 4 with 5, reduction and deformity or loss of tarsus 4. Tarsus four and five fusions appear with lower frequency and expressivity in ap^UGO35/ap^md544 transheterozygotes. (Pueyo et al., 2000) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 flies have immature ovaries, are sterile, die within 24-72 hours of eclosion and have no wings. ap^md544/ap^ts78j flies grown at 25^oC have wings that lack most of the wing margin but have good proximo-distal growth. ap^md544/ap^ts78j flies grown at 25^oC have wings that lack most of the wing margin but have good proximo-distal growth. The addition of ap^{HA-B.Scer\UAS} severely reduces proximo-distal growth and wing size. (Rincon-Limas et al., 2000) In ap^md544/ap^P44 embryos, all neurons that normally express ap survive and extend axons, but these axons display pathfinding errors in nearly every segment, including defasciculation of axon bundles, aberrant pathway selection within the longitudinal connectives, occasional misrouting across the midline and stalling. (van Meyel et al., 2000) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 flies show reduction of the wing and complete loss of wing margin. ap^md544/ap^UGO35 wing discs have small wing pouches. (Milan and Cohen, 1999) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 flies lack wings, halteres and the scutellum region of the notum. The flies are sterile and have a lifespan of 1-3 days after eclosion. (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999) Heterozygotes have no wing defects. ap^md544/ap^P44 flies have no wings but often have a ribbon- or nub-like outgrowth that lacks any recognisable structures. (van Meyel et al., 1999) ap^P44/ap^md544 embryos show proper positioning of the thoracic ventrolateral clusters in the central nervous system and their axonal bundles appear normal. (Benveniste et al., 1998) ap^md544/ap^P44 flies have no wings, although they often have a ribbon-like outgrowth in the wing region that lacks any recognisable structures. Homozygous adults are sterile, uncoordinated and have a reduced lifespan. Axon pathfinding errors are seen in the central nervous system of ap^md544/ap^P44 embryos; neurons that normally express ap wander within the longitudinal connective and fail to fasciculate with one another. ap^md544/ap^ts78j flies have defective wing margins and unfused wing surfaces at 18^oC. Introduction of ap^{ΔHD.Scer\UAS} into this background (expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544) eliminates the wing blade altogether. (O'Keefe et al., 1998)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Suppressed by
Statement Reference ap^md544/ap^P44 has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Lim3^Scer\UAS.cOa/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (O'Keefe et al., 1998) ap^md544/ap^P44 has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Chi^{ΔLID.ΔLIM.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (van Meyel et al., 1999) ap^md544/ap^P44 has visible phenotype, suppressible by ap::Chi^{ChAp.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan and Cohen, 1999) ap^md544/ap^ts78j has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/mew^Scer\UAS.cWa/fng^Scer\UAS.cKa (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has short lived phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Hsap\LHX2^Scer\UAS.cRa (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has sterile phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Hsap\LHX2^Scer\UAS.cRa (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by fng^EP3082/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan et al., 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Dr^Scer\UAS.cIa (Milan et al., 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has visible phenotype, suppressible by fng^EP3082/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan and Cohen, 1999) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Bx^{dLAp.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG} (Weihe et al., 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Hsap\LHX2^Scer\UAS.cRa (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Ser^Scer\UAS.cSa (Milan and Cohen, 1999) ap^rK568/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/fng^Scer\UAS.cKa (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by mir-282^EP3-26/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by osa^EP3-1074/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/CG1943^EP3-797 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/CG8405^EP2-865 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP3-378^EP3-378 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP3-980^EP3-980 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/osa^EP3-941 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by cbt^EP2-408/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by CG8369^EP3-826/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by cic^EP3-1005/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by drpr^EP2-867 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by EP3-934^EP3-934/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by EP3-1729^EP3-1729/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by EP3-1809^EP3-1809/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by lilli^EP2-27/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by mir-14^EP2-1142/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by mir-279^EP3-364/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by nmd^EP2-446 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by osa^EP3-1591/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by pnt^EP3-853/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by pnt^EP3-1859/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by sbb^EP2-473/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/14-3-3ε^EP3-732 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/AnxB9^EP3-562 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap^EP2-1583 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/CG11399^EP3-28 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/chm^EP2-1069 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP2-430^EP2-430 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP2-760^EP2-760 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP2-1080^EP2-1080 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP3-612^EP3-612 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP3-1199^EP3-1199 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP3-1789^EP3-1789 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/fng^EP3-511 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/fng^EP3-581 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/mir-14^EP2-235 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/mir-14^EP2-356 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/mir-14^EP2-402 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/mir-14^EP2-814 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Mpcp^EP3-488 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/nuf^EP3-1715 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/osa^EP3-473 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/osa^EP3-619 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/osa^EP3-900 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/osa^EP3-1386 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/pnt^EP3-1638 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/shn^EP2-1279 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Su(Tpl)^EP3-2015 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/tara^EP3-1575 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by shn^EP2-1743/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by skd^EP3-532 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype, suppressible by Slh^EP2-18/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference ap^md544/ap^P44 has visible phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Chi^{ΔLID.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (van Meyel et al., 1999)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference ap[+]/ap^md544 is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Bx¹ (Milan et al., 2004)
Other
Statement Reference Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has visible phenotype (Bejarano et al., 2008) Hsap\LHX2^Scer\UAS.cRa, Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has visible phenotype (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999) Hsap\LHX2^Scer\UAS.cRa, Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544 has visible \| recessive phenotype (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, Ser^Scer\UAS.cSa, ap^md544/ap^UGO35, fng^EP3082 has visible phenotype (Milan and Cohen, 1999, Milan and Cohen, 1999, Milan and Cohen, 1999)
Phenotype Manifest In
Suppressed by
Statement Reference ap^md544/ap^P44 has longitudinal connective phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Lim3^Scer\UAS.cOa/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (O'Keefe et al., 1998) ap^md544/ap^P44 has longitudinal connective phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Lim3^Scer\UAS.cOa (O'Keefe et al., 1998) ap^md544/ap^P44 has wing phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Lim3^Scer\UAS.cOa/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (O'Keefe et al., 1998) ap^md544/ap^P44 has wing phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Chi^{ΔLID.ΔLIM.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (van Meyel et al., 1999) ap^md544/ap^P44 has wing phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Lim3^Scer\UAS.cOa (O'Keefe et al., 1998) ap^md544/ap^P44 has wing phenotype, suppressible by ap::Chi^{ChAp.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan and Cohen, 1999) ap^md544/ap^ts78j has wing phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/mew^Scer\UAS.cWa/fng^Scer\UAS.cKa (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has haltere phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Hsap\LHX2^Scer\UAS.cRa (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has pretarsus phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Chi^{ΔLID.ΔLIM.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (Pueyo and Couso, 2004) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has pretarsus phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Lim3^Scer\UAS.cOa (Pueyo and Couso, 2004) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has scutellum phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Hsap\LHX2^Scer\UAS.cRa (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has tarsal segment 4 phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Chi^{ΔLID.ΔLIM.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (Pueyo and Couso, 2004) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has tarsal segment 4 phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Lim3^Scer\UAS.cOa (Pueyo and Couso, 2004) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing disc \| dorsal/ventral compartment boundary phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/caps^Scer\UAS.cSa (Milan et al., 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing margin bristle phenotype, suppressible by fng^EP3082/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan and Cohen, 1999) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing margin bristle phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Ser^Scer\UAS.cSa (Milan and Cohen, 1999) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible \| partially by fng^EP3082/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan et al., 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Dr^Scer\UAS.cIa (Milan et al., 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing phenotype, suppressible \| partially by fng^EP3082/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan et al., 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing phenotype, suppressible by fng^EP3082/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan and Cohen, 1999) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Bx^{dLAp.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG} (Weihe et al., 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Hsap\LHX2^Scer\UAS.cRa (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Ser^Scer\UAS.cSa (Milan and Cohen, 1999) ap^md544 has wing disc phenotype, suppressible \| partially by fng^EP3082/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan and Cohen, 2003) ap^md544 has wing disc phenotype, suppressible by fng^{Scer\UAS.B.T:Hsap\MYC}/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan and Cohen, 2003) ap^rK568/ap^md544 has wing disc \| dorsal/ventral compartment boundary phenotype, suppressible by fng^{Scer\UAS.B.T:Hsap\MYC}/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan et al., 2001) ap^rK568/ap^md544 has wing disc phenotype, suppressible \| partially by fng^EP3082/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan and Cohen, 2003) ap^rK568/ap^md544 has wing disc phenotype, suppressible \| partially by fng^{Scer\UAS.B.T:Hsap\MYC}/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan and Cohen, 2003) ap^rK568/ap^md544 has wing disc phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/fng^Scer\UAS.cKa (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) ap^rK568/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/fng^Scer\UAS.cKa (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) ap^rK568/ap^md544 has wing phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/fng^Scer\UAS.cKa (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible \| partially by mir-282^EP3-26/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible \| partially by osa^EP3-1074/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/CG1943^EP3-797 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/CG8405^EP2-865 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP3-378^EP3-378 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP3-980^EP3-980 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/osa^EP3-941 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by cbt^EP2-408/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by CG8369^EP3-826/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by cic^EP3-1005/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by drpr^EP2-867 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by EP3-934^EP3-934/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by EP3-1729^EP3-1729/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by EP3-1809^EP3-1809/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by lilli^EP2-27/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by mir-14^EP2-1142/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by mir-279^EP3-364/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by nmd^EP2-446 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by osa^EP3-1591/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by pnt^EP3-853/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by pnt^EP3-1859/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by sbb^EP2-473/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/14-3-3ε^EP3-732 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/AnxB9^EP3-562 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap^EP2-1583 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/CG11399^EP3-28 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/chm^EP2-1069 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP2-430^EP2-430 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP2-760^EP2-760 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP2-1080^EP2-1080 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP3-612^EP3-612 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP3-1199^EP3-1199 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/EP3-1789^EP3-1789 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/fng^EP3-511 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/fng^EP3-581 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/mir-14^EP2-235 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/mir-14^EP2-356 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/mir-14^EP2-402 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/mir-14^EP2-814 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Mpcp^EP3-488 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/nuf^EP3-1715 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/osa^EP3-473 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/osa^EP3-619 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/osa^EP3-900 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/osa^EP3-1386 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/pnt^EP3-1638 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/shn^EP2-1279 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Su(Tpl)^EP3-2015 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/tara^EP3-1575 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by shn^EP2-1743/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by skd^EP3-532 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype, suppressible by Slh^EP2-18/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Bejarano et al., 2008) Chi^e5.5, ap^md544/ap^P44 has embryonic/larval neuron phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Chi^{ΔLID.ΔLIM.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (van Meyel et al., 2000)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference ap^md544/ap^P44 has phenotype, non-suppressible by ap^{ΔLIM.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Chi^{ΔLID.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (van Meyel et al., 2000) ap^md544/ap^P44 has phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Chi^{ΔLID.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (van Meyel et al., 2000) ap^md544/ap^P44 has wing phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Chi^{ΔLID.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} (van Meyel et al., 1999) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has pretarsus phenotype, non-suppressible by Chi^{FL.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC}/Scer\GAL4^30A (Pueyo et al., 2000) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has tarsal segment 4 phenotype, non-suppressible by Chi^{FL.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC}/Scer\GAL4^30A (Pueyo et al., 2000) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing disc \| dorsal/ventral compartment boundary phenotype, non-suppressible by fng^EP3082/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan et al., 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing disc \| dorsal/ventral compartment boundary phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/caps^Scer\UAS.cSa (Milan et al., 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing disc \| dorsal/ventral compartment boundary phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Con^Scer\UAS.cRa (Milan et al., 2001) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing disc phenotype, non-suppressible by fng^EP3082/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan and Cohen, 2003) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing disc phenotype, non-suppressible by fng^{Scer\UAS.B.T:Hsap\MYC}/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan and Cohen, 2003) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Dr^Scer\UAS.cIa (Milan et al., 2001) ap^rK568/ap^md544 has wing disc \| dorsal/ventral compartment boundary phenotype, non-suppressible by fng^EP3082/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Milan et al., 2001)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference ap[+]/ap^md544 is an enhancer of wing margin phenotype of Bx¹ (Milan et al., 2004)
Other
Statement Reference Bx¹, ap[+]/ap^md544 has wing margin phenotype (Bejarano et al., 2008) Hsap\LHX2^Scer\UAS.cRa, Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has scutellar bristle phenotype (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999, Rincon-Limas et al., 1999) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^ts78j, fng^Scer\UAS.cKa, mew^Scer\UAS.cWa has alula & macrochaeta \| supernumerary phenotype (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^ts78j, fng^Scer\UAS.cKa, mew^Scer\UAS.cWa has dorsal row phenotype (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^ts78j, fng^Scer\UAS.cKa, mew^Scer\UAS.cWa has sensillum campaniformium \| supernumerary & wing vein L3 \| ventral phenotype (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^ts78j, fng^Scer\UAS.cKa, mew^Scer\UAS.cWa has ventral row \| supernumerary phenotype (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^ts78j, fng^Scer\UAS.cKa, mew^Scer\UAS.cWa has wing margin phenotype (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^ts78j, fng^Scer\UAS.cKa, mew^Scer\UAS.cWa has wing vein phenotype (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^UGO35, fng^EP3082 has alula \| dorsal phenotype (Milan et al., 2001, Milan et al., 2001) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^UGO35, fng^EP3082 has wing disc phenotype (Milan and Cohen, 1999, Milan and Cohen, 1999) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^UGO35, fng^EP3082 has wing margin \| anterior \| dorsal phenotype (Milan et al., 2001, Milan et al., 2001) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^UGO35, fng^EP3082 has wing margin bristle \| ectopic phenotype (Milan and Cohen, 1999, Milan and Cohen, 1999) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^md544/ap^UGO35, fng^EP3082 has wing vein \| dorsal phenotype (Milan et al., 2001, Milan et al., 2001) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^rK568/ap^md544, fng^Scer\UAS.cKa has dorsal row phenotype (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^rK568/ap^md544, fng^Scer\UAS.cKa has haltere phenotype (Tomoyasu et al., 2009) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, ap^rK568/ap^md544, fng^Scer\UAS.cKa has ventral row \| supernumerary phenotype (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, Ser^Scer\UAS.cSa, ap^md544/ap^UGO35, fng^EP3082 has wing phenotype (Milan and Cohen, 1999, Milan and Cohen, 1999, Milan and Cohen, 1999) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, Ser^Scer\UAS.cSa, ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing disc phenotype (Milan and Cohen, 1999, Milan and Cohen, 1999) Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, Ser^Scer\UAS.cSa, ap^md544/ap^UGO35 has wing margin bristle \| ectopic phenotype (Milan and Cohen, 1999, Milan and Cohen, 1999)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference Flies expressing fng[Scer\UAS.cKa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[ap-md544] in a ap[rK568]/ap[md544] background have ventralised halteres. In addition, the halteres form dark-pigmented bristles that are similar to those formed at the wing margin. (Tomoyasu et al., 2009) Bx[1]/Y ; ap[md544]/+ males have a strong wing scalloping phenotype. (Bejarano et al., 2008) ap^md544/+ enhances the severity of the Bx¹ wing scalloping phenotype. (Milan et al., 2004) ap^md544/+ does not cause any visible leg phenotypes in combination with Chi^g371/+, Chi^g96.1/+ or Chi^e5.5/+. ap::Chi^{ΔLID.ΔLIM.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC}; Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 suppresses fusion of tarsal segments 4 and 5 in ap^UGO35/ap^md544 flies. ap::Lim3^Scer\UAS.cOa; Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 suppresses fusion of tarsal segments 4 and 5 in ap^UGO35/ap^md544 flies. (Pueyo and Couso, 2004) Expression of Dr^Scer\UAS.cIa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 in ap^md544/ap^UGO35 flies does not restore outgrowth of the wing, although the few margin bristles seen in the dorsal surface of these wings have dorsal identity. Growth of the wing and wing margin formation can be restored in ap^md544/ap^UGO35 flies expressing fng^EP3082 under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. Both surfaces of the wing differentiate ventral structures; the anterior wing margin and alula differentiate ventral bristles on both surfaces and the pattern of vein corrugation is ventral. Co-expression of fng^EP3082 and Dr^Scer\UAS.cIa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 in ap^md544/ap^UGO35 flies results in dorsal differentiation in bristles of the dorsal anterior wing margin. (Milan et al., 2001) Expression of caps^Scer\UAS.cSa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 restores the smooth interface between dorsal and ventral cells in ap^md544/ap^UGO35 wing discs. The boundary between the dorsal and ventral cells is still irregular in ap^md544/ap^UGO35 wing discs expressing trn^Scer\UAS.cMa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. Expression of Con^Scer\UAS.cRa or fng^EP3082 under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 does not restore a smooth boundary between the dorsal and ventral cells in ap^md544/ap^UGO35 wing discs. (Milan et al., 2001) A sharp boundary between dorsal and ventral cells is restored in ap^rK568/ap^md544 wing discs expressing fng^Scer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. No violations of the compartment boundary are seen. The resulting adult flies have wings of roughly normal size with clearly demarcated wing margin. The rescued wing margin is ventralised; dorsal-specific sensory bristles are completely missing along the anterior margin and cells on both sides of the margin secrete ventral bristle types. The dorsal and ventral wing surfaces are not adhered to each other, resulting in a balloon-like structure. ap^UGO35/ap^md544 flies expressing fng^Scer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 do not have wing margin defects. Coexpression of mew^Scer\UAS.cWa and fng^Scer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 partially rescues the ap^ts78j/ap^md544 wing phenotype; the overall size and shape, apposition of the two surfaces, position of the wing margin and pattern of the wing veins are remarkably normal. However, these wings consist entirely of ventral cell types. Firstly, the rescued wing margins lack the dorsal-specific bristles types and instead have ventral bristle types on both surfaces. Secondly, the wings have many more alula bristles than normal (which in wild-type are derived only from the ventral surface). Thirdly, a mechanosensory campaniform sensillum that is normally located only on the ventral surface of vein L3 is duplicated and present on both surfaces of the rescued wing. Finally, the morphology of the wing veins indicate that they entirely of ventral identity (the veins show a ventral corrugation pattern on both surfaces of the wing). (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) A sharp boundary between dorsal and ventral cells is restored in ap^rK568/ap^md544 wing discs expressing fng^Scer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. No violations of the compartment boundary are seen. The resulting adult flies have wings of roughly normal size with clearly demarcated wing margin. The rescued wing margin is ventralised; dorsal-specific sensory bristles are completely missing along the anterior margin and cells on both sides of the margin secrete ventral bristle types. The dorsal and ventral wing surfaces are not adhered to each other, resulting in a balloon-like structure. ap^UGO35/ap^md544 flies expressing fng^Scer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 do not have wing margin defects. Coexpression of mew^Scer\UAS.cWa and fng^Scer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 partially rescues the ap^ts78j/ap^md544 wing phenotype; the overall size and shape, apposition of the two surfaces, position of the wing margin and pattern of the wing veins are remarkably normal. However, these wings consist entirely of ventral cell types. Firstly, the rescued wing margins lack the dorsal-specific bristles types and instead have ventral bristle types on both surfaces. Secondly, the wings have many more alula bristles than normal (which in wild-type are derived only from the ventral surface). Thirdly, a mechanosensory campaniform sensillum that is normally located only on the ventral surface of vein L3 is duplicated and present on both surfaces of the rescued wing. Finally, the morphology of the wing veins indicate that they are entirely of ventral identity (the veins show a ventral corrugation pattern on both surfaces of the wing). (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) No increase in axon guidance defects is seen in ap^md544/Chi^e5.5 transheterozygotes compared to ap^md544/+ or Chi^e5.5/+ embryos. ap::Chi^{ΔLID.ΔLIM.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} rescues pathway recognition and axon fasciculation in a majority of segments in ap^md544/ap^P44 embryos when expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. The axon guidance defects seen in ap^md544/ap^P44 embryos are not rescued by coexpression of ap^{ΔLIM.Scer\UAS} and Chi^{ΔLID.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. The axon defects seen in Chi^e5.5 ap^md544/ap^P44 double mutants are completely rescued by ap::Chi^{ΔLID.ΔLIM.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. (van Meyel et al., 2000) ap^md544/ap^P44 flies show wing defects. This phenotype is suppressed by expression of ap^Scer\UAS.cMa or ap::Chi^{ChAp.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. (Milan and Cohen, 1999) Expression of Ser^Scer\UAS.cSa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 in ap^md544/ap^UGO35 flies restores the wing margin and supports growth of the wing. Patches of ectopic wing margin are found in both surfaces of the rescued wings and overgrowth of the wing can be seen. Expression of fng^EP3082 under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 rescues the phenotype of ap^md544/ap^UGO35 flies. Patches of ectopic wing margin form and can be associated with outgrowth of the wing. Groups of cells appear to violate the dorsoventral boundary in ap^md544/ap^UGO35 wing discs which are also expressing Ser^Scer\UAS.cSa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. The mispositioned patches of dorsal or ventral cells form relatively smooth interfaces with surrounding cells. Cells appear to violate the dorsoventral boundary in ap^md544/ap^UGO35 wing discs which are also expressing fng^EP3082 under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. Expression of both Ser^Scer\UAS.cSa and fng^EP3082 under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 in ap^md544/ap^UGO35 flies results in well-developed wings which differentiate ventral features on both surfaces; the wing margin, veins and sense organs on the topologically dorsal surface have exclusively ventral identity. (Milan and Cohen, 1999) Lim3^Scer\UAS.cOa expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 partially rescues both the wing and embryonic central nervous system phenotype of ap^md544/ap^P44 animals at 18^oC and 25^oC respectively. The wing, sterility and uncoordinated behaviour phenotypes of ap^md544/ap^P44 flies are rescued by ap::Lim3^Scer\UAS.cOa expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 to the same extent as the rescue seen by ap^Scer\UAS.cOa. In contrast, the axon pathfinding phenotype of ap^md544/ap^P44 embryos is only partially rescued by ap::Lim3^Scer\UAS.cOa expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. (O'Keefe et al., 1998)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference ap^md544/ap^UGO35 flies rescued by the expression of Hsap\LHX2^Scer\UAS.cRa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 often develop one to two extra bristles in the scutellum. The phenotypes of ap^md544/ap^UGO35 flies are rescued by Hsap\LHX2^Scer\UAS.cRa expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. ap^md544/ap^UGO35 flies rescued by the expression of Hsap\LHX2^Scer\UAS.cRa under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 often develop one to two extra bristles in the scutellum. (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999)
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	ap^md544/ap^P44 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap^Scer\UAS.cMa (Milan and Cohen, 1999) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap^Scer\UAS.cRa (Rincon-Limas et al., 2000, Rincon-Limas et al., 1999) ap^md544/Df(2R)nap1 is rescued by ap^Scer\UAS.cOa/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (Pueyo and Couso, 2004) ap^md544/Df(2R)nap1 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap^Scer\UAS.cBa (Pueyo et al., 2000) ap^md544 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap^Scer\UAS.cMa (Milan and Cohen, 2003)
Partially rescued by	ap^md544/ap^P44 is partially rescued by ap^Scer\UAS.cOa/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (O'Keefe et al., 1998) ap^md544/ap^UGO35 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap^L1.Scer\UAS (Rincon-Limas et al., 2000)
Not rescued by	ap^md544/ap^P44 is not rescued by ap^{ΔLIM.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 (O'Keefe et al., 1998, van Meyel et al., 1999) ap^md544/ap^P44 is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap^{ΔHD.Scer\UAS} (O'Keefe et al., 1998)
Comments	Reduction and fusion of the fourth tarsal segment in ap^md544/Df(2R)nap1 animals is rescued by ap^Scer\UAS.cOa. (Pueyo and Couso, 2004) A single copy of ap^Scer\UAS.cOa expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 almost completely rescues the wing phenotype of ap^md544/ap^P44 flies; the wing blade is normal in size, with a normal margin and vein pattern, but is held at right angles away from the body. The sterility and uncoordinated behaviour phenotypes of ap^md544/ap^P44 flies are also rescued and the central nervous system defects of embryos are rescued. The adult and embryonic phenotypes of ap^md544/ap^P44 animals are not rescued by ap^{ΔLIM.Scer\UAS} expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. The ribbon-like outgrowth seen in ap^md544/ap^P44 flies is entirely eliminated in flies expressing ap^{ΔHD.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. (O'Keefe et al., 1998)
Stocks ( 2 )
Bloomington	3041 y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; P{GawB}ap^md544/CyO
Kyoto	106798 y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; P{GawB}ap^md544/CyO
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

External Crossreferences & Linkouts
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Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 5 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	ap^GAL4 (Miguel-Aliaga et al., 2004, Herzig et al., 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, Milan and Cohen, 2000, van Meyel et al., 2000, Milan and Cohen, 1999, Milan and Cohen, 1999, Benveniste et al., 1998, O'Keefe et al., 1998) ap^Gal4 (Milan et al., 2004, Milan and Cohen, 2003, Weihe et al., 2001, Milan et al., 2001, Milan et al., 2001, Delanoue et al., 2002, Tomoyasu et al., 2009) ap^GaWmd554 (Pueyo et al., 2000) ap^md544 ap-GAL4^MD544 (Rincon-Limas et al., 1999)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 23 )

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List References by type	Research paper ( 22 ) Personal communication to FlyBase ( 1 )
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Allele Dmel\apmd544

Allele Dmel\ap^md544