Allele Dmel\bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0057745
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\bnl
Also Known As	bnl^P1

Map ( GBrowse )	Untitled Document
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele
Mutagen	P-element activity
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorphic allele - genetic evidence (Sutherland et al., 1996) loss of function allele (Jarecki et al., 1999)
Mutagen	P-element activity (Sutherland et al., 1996)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References transposable element insertion site 3R:15,648,443..15,651,734 (Sutherland et al., 1996, Myat et al., 2005, Park et al., 2003, Dorfman et al., 2002, Spradling et al., 1999, Mukherjee et al., 2012)
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference P{PZ} insertion is in the first intron. (Sutherland et al., 1996)
Caused by insertion	P{PZ}bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ (Sutherland et al., 1996, Myat et al., 2005, Park et al., 2003, Dorfman et al., 2002, Spradling et al., 1999, Mukherjee et al., 2012)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	cell adhesion defective \| somatic clone \| third instar larval stage (Mukherjee et al., 2012) cell migration defective \| second instar larval stage \| somatic clone (Mukherjee et al., 2012) cell migration defective \| somatic clone \| third instar larval stage (Mukherjee et al., 2012) lethal \| recessive (Spradling et al., 1999) visible \| adult stage \| somatic clone (Mukherjee et al., 2012)
Phenotype Manifest In
	air sac tracheoblast of dorsal air sac primordium \| cell non-autonomous \| somatic clone (Sato and Kornberg, 2002) embryonic/larval dorsal trunk (Wolf et al., 2002) embryonic/larval ganglionic branch (Jarecki et al., 1999, Imam et al., 1999) embryonic/larval trachea (Jarecki et al., 1999) embryonic/larval tracheal system (Sutherland et al., 1996, Imam et al., 1999) eye \| somatic clone (Mukherjee et al., 2012) ganglionic branch primordium (Hemphala et al., 2003) lateral G branch (Jarecki et al., 1999) lateral H branch (Jarecki et al., 1999) presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system (Shim et al., 2001, Wolf et al., 2002) subretinal glial cell \| second instar larval stage \| somatic clone (Mukherjee et al., 2012) subretinal glial cell \| somatic clone \| third instar larval stage (Mukherjee et al., 2012) tracheal metamere 1 \| embryonic stage (Sutherland et al., 1996) tracheal metamere 2 \| embryonic stage (Sutherland et al., 1996) tracheal metamere 3 \| embryonic stage (Sutherland et al., 1996) tracheal metamere 4 \| embryonic stage (Sutherland et al., 1996) tracheal metamere 5 \| embryonic stage (Sutherland et al., 1996) tracheal metamere 6 \| embryonic stage (Sutherland et al., 1996) tracheal metamere 7 \| embryonic stage (Sutherland et al., 1996) tracheal metamere 8 \| embryonic stage (Sutherland et al., 1996) tracheal metamere 9 \| embryonic stage (Sutherland et al., 1996) tracheal metamere 10 \| embryonic stage (Sutherland et al., 1996)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference bnl[00857] mutant clones generated using the eyFLP method exhibit a glossy eye phenotype. bnl[00857] mutant eye clones lose their ability to constrict their apical surfaces at the morphogenetic furrow. They also lose normal contacts between cells and form aberrant-shaped clusters. bnl[00857] mutant eye clones produce defects in retinal basal glial (RBG) cell migration from second instar larval stage. The RBG cells migrate ectopically to anterior regions of the eye beyond the morphogenetic furrow, a phenotype that is not seen in wild type flies. RBG proliferation and survival are not affected. bnl[00857] clones generated specifically in the glia do not show RBG migration defects. (Mukherjee et al., 2012) 40% of tracheal ganglionic branches fail to reach the central nervous system in heterozygous embryos. (Hemphala et al., 2003) Somatic clones of bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ in the third instar wing disc columnar epithelium cause a decrease in the numbers and migration of air sac tracheoblasts. (Sato and Kornberg, 2002) The filopodia-like cell extensions that are seen in tracheal cells at stage 12 are missing in mutant embryos. The mutant embryos lack an interconnected dorsal trunk and instead show a segmental array of isolated metameric tracheal units with a lollipop-like structure in place of the dorsal trunk. (Wolf et al., 2002) Stage 13 homozygous embryos show little tracheal branch outgrowth. (Shim et al., 2001) Heterozygous and hemizygous embryos show sporadic defects in primary tracheal branch outgrowth. This is manifest most significantly by the ganglionic tracheal branches, 9% of which fail to reach the central nervous system. (Imam et al., 1999) The number of terminal tracheal branches (GB, LG and LH) are reduced by 30%-50% in heterozygous bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ larvae. (Jarecki et al., 1999) Almost every tracheal metamere appears as an unbranched, elongate sac of tracheal cells. Tracheal cells invaginate and form tracheal sacs but the branches fail to grow out. A few primary branches form that are rudimentary. Scer\GAL4^C49 mediated expression of bnl^Scer\UAS.cSa allows branch formation and growth. Formation of muscles and the peripheral nervous system are unaffected. There are specific defects in the nervous system. (Sutherland et al., 1996)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ has embryonic/larval dorsal branch phenotype, enhanceable by stumps^09904b (Imam et al., 1999) bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ has embryonic/larval ganglionic branch phenotype, enhanceable by stumps^09904b (Imam et al., 1999)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ has embryonic/larval dorsal trunk phenotype, suppressible \| partially by Scer\GAL4^btl.PS/Cdc42^V12.Scer\UAS (Wolf et al., 2002) bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ has embryonic/larval tracheal system phenotype, suppressible \| partially by btl::tor^{t4021b.hs.sev} (Sutherland et al., 1996) bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ has ganglionic branch primordium phenotype, suppressible \| partially by grh^s2140/grh^s2140 (Hemphala et al., 2003)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference bnl[+]/bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ is an enhancer of dorsal group branch precursor phenotype of Rac1^J11, Rac2^Δ/Rac2[+] (Chihara et al., 2003) bnl[+]/bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ is an enhancer of dorsal trunk primordium phenotype of Rac1^J11, Rac2^Δ/Rac2[+] (Chihara et al., 2003) bnl[+]/bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ is an enhancer of tracheal branch primordium phenotype of Rac1^J11, Rac2^Δ/Rac2[+] (Chihara et al., 2003)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference bnl[+]/bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ is a suppressor of embryonic/larval ganglionic branch phenotype of seq^Z1241 (Araújo and Casanova, 2011) bnl[+]/bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ is a suppressor of embryonic/larval trachea phenotype of Scer\GAL4^btl.PS, Vhl^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS.cMa} (Mortimer and Moberg, 2009)
Other
Statement Reference bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷, btl^LG18 has embryonic/larval tracheal system phenotype (Sutherland et al., 1996) bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷, btl^LG19 has embryonic/larval tracheal system phenotype (Sutherland et al., 1996, Sutherland et al., 1996) bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷, stumps^09904b has embryonic/larval dorsal trunk phenotype (Imam et al., 1999, Imam et al., 1999) Pak[+]/Pak⁶, bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ has dorsal group branch precursor phenotype (Chihara et al., 2003) Pak[+]/Pak⁶, bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ has dorsal trunk primordium phenotype (Chihara et al., 2003) Pak[+]/Pak⁶, bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ has tracheal branch primordium phenotype (Chihara et al., 2003) Pak⁶, bnl[+]/bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ has dorsal group branch precursor phenotype (Chihara et al., 2003) Pak⁶, bnl[+]/bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ has dorsal trunk primordium phenotype (Chihara et al., 2003) Pak⁶, bnl[+]/bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ has tracheal branch primordium phenotype (Chihara et al., 2003) Pak⁶, bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ has dorsal group branch precursor phenotype (Chihara et al., 2003, Chihara et al., 2003, Chihara et al., 2003) Pak⁶, bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ has dorsal trunk primordium phenotype (Chihara et al., 2003, Chihara et al., 2003, Chihara et al., 2003) Pak⁶, bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ has tracheal branch primordium phenotype (Chihara et al., 2003, Chihara et al., 2003, Chihara et al., 2003)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference bnl[00857]/+ leads to a significant reduction in the penetrance of Scer\GAL4[btl.PS] Vhl[dsRNA.Scer\UAS] tracheal phenotypes. (Mortimer and Moberg, 2009) Pak⁶; bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ double heterozygotes have a range of tracheal phenotypes not seen in single heterozygotes for either of these alleles: The mildest phenotype is a misrouting of the dorsal branches toward the anteroposterior direction; more severely effected embryos also exhibit truncations of the dorsal trunk. (Chihara et al., 2003) The bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷/+ tracheal branch outgrowth defects are partially suppressed by grh^s2140/grh^s2140; 78% of the tracheal ganglionic branches reach the central nervous system in the double mutant embryos. (Hemphala et al., 2003) Expression of Cdc42[V12.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[btl.PS] in a bnl[00857] background show occasional (4.4%) fusions of the adjacent lollipop-like dorsal trunk structures (bnl[00857] single mutants show no fusion of the adjacent metameric tracheal units). (Wolf et al., 2002) stumps^09904b, bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ double heterozygotes show a dramatic increase in tracheal outgrowth defects, with nearly four times as many stalled ganglionic branches as the bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ heterozygote alone. The double heterozygotes also displayed increased dorsal branch outgrowth defects compared to bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ heterozygotes as well as rare dorsal trunk outgrowth defects never seen in bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ heterozygotes. (Imam et al., 1999) btl^LG18 bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ double mutants exhibit a tracheal phenotype similar to either mutant alone. btl^LG19/btl⁺ bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷/bnl⁺ double heterozygote exhibits enhanced bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ phenotype, defects in tracheal outgrowth. A constitutively activated form of the btl receptor (btl::tor^{t4021b.hs.sev}) can partially ameliorate the effect of absence of bnl; modest restoration of branching in bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ embryos. (Sutherland et al., 1996)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Fails to complement	bnl⁷⁰⁸ (Myat et al., 2005) bnl⁰⁶⁹¹⁶ (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Comments
Stocks ( 1 )
Bloomington	6384 ry⁵⁰⁶ P{PZ}bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷/TM3, Sb¹
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

Comments
	P{PZ} insertion carries an internal deletion than removes most of the Tn\kanR and Ecol\ori region. Δ2-3 mediated transposition yields a homozygous viable revertant that restores tracheal branching and other revertants with intermediate tracheal phenotype. This confirms the P{PZ} element causes the bnl phenotype. (Sutherland et al., 1996) Complements: l(3)01344⁰¹³⁴⁴. Complements: l(3)05050⁰⁵⁰⁵⁰. Complements: sr^06915b. Complements: sr^06948b. (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 6 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷ (Christensen et al., 2008.9.29, Christensen et al., 2009.5.6, Christensen et al., 2009.5.6, Mukherjee et al., 2012) bnl^P1 (Myat et al., 2005, Adryan et al., 2003, Adryan et al., 2004, Sato and Kornberg, 2002, Chihara et al., 2003, Ohshiro et al., 2002, Shim et al., 2001, Wolf and Schuh, 2000, Jarecki et al., 1999, Lin et al., 1999, Kramer et al., 1999, Imam et al., 1999, Englund et al., 1999, Llimargas and Casanova, 1999, Sutherland et al., 1996, Stahl et al., 2007, Wolf et al., 2002, Araújo and Casanova, 2011, Mortimer and Moberg, 2009) bnl^p1 (Hemphala et al., 2003) bnl^PI (Park et al., 2003) I(3)00857 (Spradling et al., 1999) l(3)0857 (Sutherland et al., 1996)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 29 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 29 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 22 ) Personal communication to FlyBase ( 5 ) Abstract ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Mukherjee et al., 2012, G3 (Bethesda) 2(1): 23--28 Genetic analysis of fibroblast growth factor signaling in the Drosophila eye. [FBrf0217664] Araújo and Casanova, 2011, J. Cell Sci. 124(14): 2335--2340 Sequoia establishes tip-cell number in Drosophila trachea by regulating FGF levels. [FBrf0214024] Show all research papers ...

Allele Dmel\bnl00857

Allele Dmel\bnl⁰⁰⁸⁵⁷