Allele Dmel\Rho1^72R

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Rho1^72R	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0061660
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\Rho1
Also Known As	RhoA^72R, RhoA72R

Allele class	loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence
Mutagen	P-element activity
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
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Nature of the Allele
Allele class	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence (Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006, Brodu and Casanova, 2006) loss of function allele (Gregory et al., 2007, Johnson et al., 2008)
Mutagen	P-element activity (Strutt et al., 1997)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype	Rho1^k07236 (Strutt et al., 1997)
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Imprecise excision of the P{lacW} element, deleting part of the coding region, including the translation start site. (Strutt et al., 1997)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	cytokinesis defective \| recessive (Prokopenko et al., 1999) mitotic cell cycle defective \| recessive (Prokopenko et al., 1999) wound healing defective (with Rho1^72O) (Wood et al., 2002)
Phenotype Manifest In
	cortical actin cytoskeleton & spiracular chamber (with Rho1^1B) (Simoes et al., 2006) dorsal closure embryo (Lu and Settleman, 1999) embryo (Prokopenko et al., 1999) embryonic dorsal epidermis (Strutt et al., 1997) embryonic dorsal epidermis \| anterior (Strutt et al., 1997, Prokopenko et al., 1999) embryonic epidermis \| dorsal (Lu and Settleman, 1999) embryonic head (with Rho1^72O) (Jacinto et al., 2002) embryonic leading edge cell (with Rho1^72O) (Jacinto et al., 2002) filopodium (with Rho1^72O) (Jacinto et al., 2002) head (Strutt et al., 1997) mushroom body & dendrite \| somatic clone (Lee et al., 2000) mushroom body & neuron \| somatic clone (Lee et al., 2000) ommatidial precursor cluster \| somatic clone (Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006) presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system (Brodu and Casanova, 2006) tracheal primordium (Brodu and Casanova, 2006)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Heterozygotes show normal resistance to infection with P.aeruginosa by septic injury. (Avet-Rochex et al., 2007) Rho1^72R mutant embryos exhibit a defect in tracheal invagination. (Brodu and Casanova, 2006) Clones of Rho1^72R in eye discs show malformed ommatidial preclusters. (Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006) Stage 17 Rho1^1B/Rho1^72R embryos show partial disruption of the cortical actin cytoskeleton in the spiracular chamber. (Simoes et al., 2006) Rho1^72O/Rho1^72R embryos exhibit dramatic defects in head involution. None of these mutant embryos have a clear dorsal hole, although they frequently show puckering or segment misalignments along the closed midline seam. During dorsal closure lamellipodial and filopodial protrusions are more abundant at the leading edge than in wild-type, significantly increaing the total protrusive area of the leading edge. The cytoskeletal architecture typical of the leading edge is lost. (Jacinto et al., 2002) Laser wounded Rho1^72R/Rho1^72O embryos fail to assemble a continuous actin cable in wound-edge cells and there is little or no initial contraction of the leading edge of these cells. The leading-edge extends filopodia that are longer (extending up to 12 μm) and approximately three times more common than in wild-type embryos. In many instances, several filopodia coalesce to form a lamellipodium. Lamellipodia from adjacent leading-edge cells apparently tug on one another, resulting in the formation of several local zipping fronts around the wound margin, a behaviour only observed in wild-type in the last moments of wound closure, when opposing epithelial fronts are driven close enough together. Despite these differences with the wild-type, Rho1^72R/Rho1^72O embryos are able to close their wounds, but these take on average almost twice as long to repair as in their wild-type counterparts. There is a lag phase of nearly 2 hours (the time in which an equivalent wild-type wound can close fully) before the disorganized leading edge begins to move forward significantly. During this initial period, no obvious changes in cell shape occur in the leading-edge epithelial cells. However, once forward movement begins, the wound closes at a rate that is not significantly different to that of a wild-type wound (7.0+/-1.9 μm²/min; n = 6 in the mutant compared with 9.0+/-2.6 μm²/min; n = 5 in the wild type). (Wood et al., 2002) Mushroom body neuroblast clones homozygous for Rho1^72R consistently contain about 10-12 cells in third instar larvae (in contrast to wild-type mushroom body neuroblast clones which contain more than 150 neurons). Within each mutant clone, two of the nuclei are much larger than the rest of the nuclei. The clones project extensive dendrites in wandering third instar larvae that appear to occupy the entire calyx region. The effect on dendrite growth appears to be autonomous. In adulthood, mutant clones still contain 10-12 cells with axons projecting to only one medial lobe, in contrast to wild-type clones, which contain over 500 neurons that project axons to five lobes. Neurons of two cell or single cell mushroom body neuroblast clones homozygous for Rho1^72R and generated in newly hatched larvae have axon projections that are indistinguishable from wild type. (Lee et al., 2000) In homozygous mutant embryos, cytokinesis is blocked in affected cells. Many cells in the head region of the embryo become polyploid and contain two nuclei per cell. In addition polyploid cells are occasionally found in thoracic or abdominal segments of mutant embryos. Homozygous mutants have an "anterior open" phenotype. (Prokopenko et al., 1999) Rho1^72F/Rho1^72O, Rho1^72F/Rho1^72R and Rho1^72R/Rho1^72O embryos have an "anterior open" phenotype; the epidermis fails to close in the dorsal/anterior region. Rarely, the dorsal epidermis also fails to close. Some head structures are missing. (Strutt et al., 1997)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhancer of
Statement Reference Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of cell polarity defective phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, shg^{dCR3h.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-rs} (Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of planar polarity defective phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, cindr^{dsRNA.PC.PD.Scer\UAS} (Johnson et al., 2008) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of visible phenotype of CycE^JP (Brumby et al., 2004) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, pbl^{ΔDH497-549.Scer\UAS} (Prokopenko et al., 1999, Gregory et al., 2007) Rho1^72R is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, btl^{Scer\UAS.T:λ\cI-DD}, stumps^{Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG} (Zhu et al., 2005)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is a non-enhancer of planar polarity defective phenotype of Mtl^Scer\UAS.cMa, Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev (Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2007)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference Rho1^72R/Rho1[+], Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1 is a suppressor of increased cell death phenotype of Moe^{dsRNA.327-775.Scer\UAS}, Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1 (Neisch et al., 2010) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is a suppressor \| partially of neuroanatomy defective phenotype of LIMK1^{Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}, Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107 (Ng and Luo, 2004) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Moe^{dsRNA.327-775.Scer\UAS}, Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1, puc^E69/puc[+] (Neisch et al., 2010) Rho1^72R is a suppressor of lethal \| recessive \| larval stage phenotype of Moe^G0323 (Speck et al., 2003) Rho1^72R is a suppressor of planar polarity defective phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, dsh^Scer\UAS.cNa (Strutt et al., 1997) Rho1^72R is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, pbl^Scer\UAS.cPa (Prokopenko et al., 1999)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is a non-suppressor of planar polarity defective phenotype of Mtl^Scer\UAS.cMa, Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev (Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2007) Rho1^72R is a non-suppressor of cell polarity defective phenotype of fz²⁰/fz¹⁹ (Strutt and Strutt, 2003)
Phenotype Manifest In
Suppressed by
Statement Reference Rho1^72R has presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system phenotype, suppressible \| partially by cv-c^M62 (Brodu and Casanova, 2006) Rho1^72R has tracheal primordium phenotype, suppressible \| partially by cv-c^M62 (Brodu and Casanova, 2006)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of cone cell phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, cindr^{dsRNA.PC.PD.Scer\UAS} (Johnson et al., 2008) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of eye phenotype of CycE^JP (Brumby et al., 2004) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, pbl^{ΔDH497-549.Scer\UAS} (Prokopenko et al., 1999, Gregory et al., 2007) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of interommatidial bristle phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, pbl^{ΔDH497-549.Scer\UAS} (Prokopenko et al., 1999) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, cindr^{dsRNA.PC.PD.Scer\UAS} (Johnson et al., 2008) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, pbl^{ΔDH497-549.Scer\UAS} (Prokopenko et al., 1999) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, shg^{dCR3h.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-rs} (Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of pigment cell phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, cindr^{dsRNA.PC.PD.Scer\UAS} (Johnson et al., 2008) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of pigment cell phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, pbl^{ΔDH497-549.Scer\UAS} (Prokopenko et al., 1999) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of rhabdomere phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, pbl^{ΔDH497-549.Scer\UAS} (Prokopenko et al., 1999) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of wing \| posterior compartment phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, pbl^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS} (Shandala et al., 2004) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is an enhancer of wing hair \| supernumerary phenotype of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E, pbl^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS} (Shandala et al., 2004) Rho1^72R is an enhancer of dorsal closure embryo phenotype of Pkn⁰⁶⁷³⁶ (Lu and Settleman, 1999) Rho1^72R is an enhancer of embryonic epidermis \| dorsal phenotype of Pkn⁰⁶⁷³⁶ (Lu and Settleman, 1999) Rho1^72R is an enhancer of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, btl^{Scer\UAS.T:λ\cI-DD}, stumps^{Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG} (Zhu et al., 2005)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is a non-enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Mtl^Scer\UAS.cMa, Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev (Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2007)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference Rho1^72R/Rho1[+], Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1 is a suppressor of wing blade phenotype of Moe^{dsRNA.327-775.Scer\UAS}, Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1, puc^E69/puc[+] (Neisch et al., 2010) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+], Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1 is a suppressor of wing disc \| third instar larval stage phenotype of Moe^{dsRNA.327-775.Scer\UAS}, Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1 (Neisch et al., 2010) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is a suppressor \| partially of adult mushroom body phenotype of LIMK1^{Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}, Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107 (Ng and Luo, 2004) Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is a suppressor \| partially of embryonic Malpighian tubule phenotype of cv-c^M62 (Denholm et al., 2005) Rho1^72R is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, pbl^Scer\UAS.cPa (Prokopenko et al., 1999) Rho1^72R is a suppressor of imaginal disc phenotype of Moe^G0323 (Speck et al., 2003) Rho1^72R is a suppressor of interommatidial bristle phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, pbl^Scer\UAS.cPa (Prokopenko et al., 1999) Rho1^72R is a suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of Rac1^V12.hs.sev (Fanto et al., 2000) Rho1^72R is a suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, pbl^Scer\UAS.cPa (Prokopenko et al., 1999) Rho1^72R is a suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, dsh^Scer\UAS.cNa (Strutt et al., 1997) Rho1^72R is a suppressor of pigment cell phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, pbl^Scer\UAS.cPa (Prokopenko et al., 1999) Rho1^72R is a suppressor of rhabdomere phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, pbl^Scer\UAS.cPa (Prokopenko et al., 1999)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference Rho1^72R/Rho1[+] is a non-suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of Mtl^Scer\UAS.cMa, Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev (Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2007) Rho1^72R is a non-suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of fz²⁰/fz¹⁹ (Strutt and Strutt, 2003)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference Rho1[72R]/+ suppresses the ectopic apoptosis in wing disc cells expressing Moe[dsRNA.327-775.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[dpp.blk1]. Rho1[72R]/+ strongly suppresses the Scer\GAL4[dpp.blk1]>Moe[dsRNA.327-775.Scer\UAS]; puc[E69]/+ wing blade phenotype. (Neisch et al., 2010) A Rho1[72R] heterozygous background enhances the patterning defects found in Scer\GAL4[GMR.PF]>cindr[dsRNA.PC.PD.Scer\UAS] mutants. The mean interommatidial precursor cell number and the number of cone and/or 1[o] cell errors is increased in these double mutants. (Johnson et al., 2008) The Rho1^72R abnormal tracheal invagination phenotype is partially suppressed by cv-c^M62. (Brodu and Casanova, 2006) Expression of shg^{dCR3h.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-rs} under the control of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev in a Rho1^72R/+ background, enhances the ommatidial rotation phenotype of shg^{dCR3h.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-rs} flies. (Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006) 50% of cv-c^M62 mutant embryos additionally homozygous for Rho1^72R and 20% of cv-c^M62 mutant embryos heterozygous for Rho1^72R have a Malpighian tubule phenotype that is significantly less severe than that of the cv-c^M62 homozygote alone. The tubules of double mutant embryos still undergo convergent extension movements to some extent. (Denholm et al., 2005) Both hemizygous Moe^G0323; Rho1^72R/+ and homozygous Moe^G0323; Rho1^72R/+ adult retinas have normal photoreceptors. (Karagiosis and Ready, 2004) The reduction in compartment size and the percentage of cells with multiple wing hairs in pbl^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS}; Scer\GAL4^en-e16E flies are both enhanced by Rho1^72R/+. (Shandala et al., 2004) Halving the maternal and zygotic dose of Rho1⁺ (using Rho1^72R) strongly suppresses the lethality of Moe^G0323 animals and also suppresses the Moe^G0323 disc epithelium organisation and actin localisation phenotypes. (Speck et al., 2003) When Rho1^72R fathers are crossed with Pkn⁰⁶⁷³⁶ germline clone mothers, 68% of the embryos show a dorsal closure phenotype, an enhancement of the dorsal closure phenotype caused by Pkn⁰⁶⁷³⁶ germline clones alone. (Lu and Settleman, 1999) Rho1^72R dominantly suppresses the ommatidial, eye bristle, rhabdomere and pigment cell phenotypes seen in pbl^Scer\UAS.cPa/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF flies to near wild-type. Rho1^72R dominantly enhances the ommatidial, eye bristle, rhabdomere and pigment cell phenotypes seen in pbl^{ΔDH497-549.Scer\UAS}/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF flies. (Prokopenko et al., 1999)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Partially rescued by	Rho1^72R is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Rho1^Scer\UAS.cMa (Lee et al., 2000)
Comments	Rho1^Scer\UAS.cMa partially rescues the phenotype of homozygous Rho1^72R mushroom body neuroblast clones when expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav-C155. (Lee et al., 2000)
Stocks ( 0 )

Notes on Origin
Discoverer

External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 8 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Rho1⁷² (Johnson et al., 2008) rho1^72R (Jacinto et al., 2002, Simoes et al., 2006) Rho1^72R (Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Neisch et al., 2010) Rho^72R (Avet-Rochex et al., 2007) RhoA72R (Fanto, 2000, Fanto et al., 2000) RhoA⁷² (Lee and Adler, 2004) RhoA^72R (Zhu et al., 2005, Shandala et al., 2004, Strutt and Strutt, 2003, Lee et al., 2000, Gregory et al., 2007, Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2007) rhoA^72R (Brumby et al., 2004, Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 25 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 25 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 24 ) Supplementary material ( 1 )
Recent research papers (0)
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Allele Dmel\Rho172R

Allele Dmel\Rho1^72R