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Allele Dmel\robo^unspecified

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\robounspecified	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0086356
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\robo
Allele class	loss of function allele
Mutagen
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	loss of function allele (Kidd et al., 1998)
Mutagen
Mutations Mapped to the Genome
Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	neuroanatomy defective (Englund et al., 2002, Stevens and Jacobs, 2002, Bhat, 2005, Grueber et al., 2007) neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage (Spitzweck et al., 2010) neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage 16 (Coleman et al., 2010)
Phenotype Manifest In
	commissure (Bashaw and Goodman, 1999, Kidd et al., 1998) fascicle (Stevens and Jacobs, 2002) ganglionic branch primordium (Englund et al., 2002) longitudinal connective (Bashaw and Goodman, 1999, Englund et al., 2002, Simpson et al., 2000, Schimmelpfeng et al., 2001, Bhat, 2005, Kidd et al., 1998, Spitzweck et al., 2010) longitudinal connective | embryonic stage 16 (Coleman et al., 2010) medial longitudinal fascicle | embryonic stage 16 (Coleman et al., 2010) midline crossing tract | embryonic stage 16 (Coleman et al., 2010) pCC neuron (Kidd et al., 1998) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system (Hummel et al., 1999, Simpson et al., 2000) SP1 neuron (Kidd et al., 1998) ventral nerve cord (Simpson et al., 2000) ventral nerve cord commissure (Simpson et al., 2000)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Stage 16 robo[unspecified] embryos show thinning of the longitudinal connectives and thickening of the commissures. They exhibit a severe phenotype in which the medial fascicle repeatedly crosses the midline. Ap neurons also exhibit crossing defects but collapse on the midline. (Coleman et al., 2010) The medial longitudinal tracts inappropriately collapse at the midline in mutant embryos. (Bhat, 2005) All ganglionic branches migrate into the ventral nerve cord and the position of GB1 nucleus is not significantly affected in mutant embryos. At the midline, 29% of ganglionic branches cross the midline, while 26% migrate unusually close to the midline, where they stall or turn to migrate dorsally. The three longitudinal connectives are severely disrupted by loops of axons crossing the midline several times. GB1 crosses the midline only once and migrates along the longitudinal tracts of the contralateral hemisegment. (Englund et al., 2002) The medial-most Fas2-positive fascicle collapses at the midline in mutant embryos. (Schimmelpfeng et al., 2001) Loss of robo causes sever midline crossing of the midline, thickening of the commissures and reduction of the longitudinal connectives between segments. Con staining axons are show the expected pair of pathways, but axons in the medial of the two pathways appear to ectopically cross the midline. In a robounspecified mutant the axons in the medial Fas2 pathway cross and recross the midline, while the axons in the intermediate and lateral Fas2 pathways do not cross the midline. (Simpson et al., 2000) In embryos, far too many axons cross and recross the midline, resulting in commissures that are much thicker than wild-type and thinner longitudinal connectives. (Bashaw and Goodman, 1999) No gross dentritic defects are seen in mutant embryos. (Gao et al., 1999) Fas2-positive nerve bundles frequently cross the midline in mutant embryos, in contrast to wild-type. (Hummel et al., 1999) robounspecified embryos have an increased number of axons in the commissures, coincident with a reduction of the number of axons in the longitudinal connectives. The commissures are thicker than normal and partially fused, while the longitudinals are thinner and pulled closer towards the midline than normal. The pCC growth cone extends anteriorly and then crosses the midline, where it fasciculates with its contralateral homologue. The pCC pathway projects back and forth across the midline, forming a circular pattern, in contrast to wild-type embryos where it projects longitudinally and does not cross the midline. The SP1 growth cone extends across the midline, adheres to the axon and cell body of its contralateral homologue, and turns to project anteriorly, as in wild-type embryos. However in robounspecified embryos, as the SP1 growth cone extends anteriorly into the next segment, it typically moves towards the midline and adheres to the axon of its contralateral homologue just on the other side of the midline. The SP1 axons freely cross and recross the midline in these embryos. (Kidd et al., 1998)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference learobo2-4, robounspecified has neuroanatomy defective phenotype, enhanceable by Abl2/Abl[+] (Wills et al., 2002) learobo2-4, robounspecified has neuroanatomy defective phenotype, enhanceable by Abl4/Abl[+] (Wills et al., 2002) learobo2-5, robounspecified has neuroanatomy defective phenotype, enhanceable by Abl2/Abl[+] (Wills et al., 2002) robo31, robounspecified has neuroanatomy defective phenotype, enhanceable by Abl2/Abl[+] (Wills et al., 2002) robounspecified has neuroanatomy defective | dominant | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4ap-md544/kuzDN.Scer\UAS (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has neuroanatomy defective phenotype, enhanceable by sli2 (Stevens and Jacobs, 2002)
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference robounspecified has neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, non-enhanceable by kuzunspecified (Coleman et al., 2010)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference robounspecified has neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, suppressible | partially by fra::roboScer\UAS.FR.T:Hsap\MYC/Scer\GAL4elav.PLu (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, suppressible | partially by fra::roboU.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC/Scer\GAL4elav.PLu (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4ap-md544/fra::roboScer\UAS.FR.T:Hsap\MYC (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4ap-md544/fra::roboU.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC (Coleman et al., 2010)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference robo[+], robounspecified, Scer\GAL4ap-md544 is an enhancer of neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype of Scer\GAL4ap-md544, kuzDN.Scer\UAS (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified is an enhancer of neuroanatomy defective phenotype of sli2 (Stevens and Jacobs, 2002) sliunspecified/robounspecified is an enhancer of neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype of kuzunspecified (Coleman et al., 2010)
Other
Statement Reference learobo2-4, robounspecified has neuroanatomy defective phenotype (Wills et al., 2002) learobo2-5, robounspecified has neuroanatomy defective phenotype (Wills et al., 2002) robo31, robounspecified has neuroanatomy defective phenotype (Wills et al., 2002)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference learobo2-4, robounspecified has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype, enhanceable by Abl2/Abl[+] (Wills et al., 2002) learobo2-4, robounspecified has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype, enhanceable by Abl4/Abl[+] (Wills et al., 2002) learobo2-5, robounspecified has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype, enhanceable by Abl2/Abl[+] (Wills et al., 2002) robo31, robounspecified has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype, enhanceable by Abl2/Abl[+] (Wills et al., 2002) robounspecified has fascicle phenotype, enhanceable by sli2 (Stevens and Jacobs, 2002) robounspecified has longitudinal connective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4ap-md544/kuzDN.Scer\UAS (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has longitudinal connective phenotype, enhanceable by commΔe39 (Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified has longitudinal connective phenotype, enhanceable by lea[+]/leaunspecified (Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified has longitudinal connective phenotype, enhanceable by leaunspecified/leaunspecified (Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified has midline crossing tract | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4ap-md544/kuzDN.Scer\UAS (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype, enhanceable by lea[+]/leaunspecified (Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype, enhanceable by leaunspecified/leaunspecified (Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified has ventral nerve cord phenotype, enhanceable by lea[+]/leaunspecified (Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified has ventral nerve cord phenotype, enhanceable by leaunspecified/leaunspecified (Simpson et al., 2000)
NOT Enhanced by
Statement Reference leaunspecified, robounspecified has longitudinal connective phenotype, non-enhanceable by commΔe39 (Simpson et al., 2000) leaunspecified, robounspecified has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype, non-enhanceable by commΔe39 (Simpson et al., 2000) leaunspecified, robounspecified has ventral nerve cord commissure phenotype, non-enhanceable by commΔe39 (Simpson et al., 2000) leaunspecified, robounspecified has ventral nerve cord phenotype, non-enhanceable by commΔe39 (Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified has longitudinal connective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, non-enhanceable by kuzunspecified (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has midline crossing tract | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, non-enhanceable by kuzunspecified (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has ventral nerve cord commissure phenotype, non-enhanceable by communspecified (Rajagopalan et al., 2000)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference robounspecified has longitudinal connective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, suppressible | partially by fra::roboScer\UAS.FR.T:Hsap\MYC/Scer\GAL4elav.PLu (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has longitudinal connective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, suppressible | partially by fra::roboU.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC/Scer\GAL4elav.PLu (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has longitudinal connective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4ap-md544/fra::roboScer\UAS.FR.T:Hsap\MYC (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has longitudinal connective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4ap-md544/fra::roboU.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has midline crossing tract | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, suppressible | partially by fra::roboScer\UAS.FR.T:Hsap\MYC/Scer\GAL4elav.PLu (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has midline crossing tract | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, suppressible | partially by fra::roboU.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC/Scer\GAL4elav.PLu (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has midline crossing tract | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4ap-md544/fra::roboScer\UAS.FR.T:Hsap\MYC (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified has midline crossing tract | embryonic stage 16 phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4ap-md544/fra::roboU.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC (Coleman et al., 2010)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference leaunspecified, robounspecified has longitudinal connective phenotype, non-suppressible by commΔe39 (Simpson et al., 2000) leaunspecified, robounspecified has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype, non-suppressible by commΔe39 (Simpson et al., 2000) leaunspecified, robounspecified has ventral nerve cord commissure phenotype, non-suppressible by commΔe39 (Simpson et al., 2000) leaunspecified, robounspecified has ventral nerve cord phenotype, non-suppressible by commΔe39 (Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified has ganglionic branch primordium phenotype, non-suppressible by leaScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1,T:SS-wg/Scer\GAL4bs.Term (Englund et al., 2002)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference robo[+], robounspecified, Scer\GAL4ap-md544 is an enhancer of longitudinal connective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype of Scer\GAL4ap-md544, kuzDN.Scer\UAS (Coleman et al., 2010) robo[+], robounspecified, Scer\GAL4ap-md544 is an enhancer of midline crossing tract | embryonic stage 16 phenotype of Scer\GAL4ap-md544, kuzDN.Scer\UAS (Coleman et al., 2010) robo[+]/robounspecified is an enhancer of longitudinal connective phenotype of leaunspecified (Simpson et al., 2000) robo[+]/robounspecified is an enhancer of longitudinal connective phenotype of leax135 (Simpson et al., 2000) robo[+]/robounspecified is an enhancer of presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype of leaunspecified (Simpson et al., 2000) robo[+]/robounspecified is an enhancer of presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype of leax135 (Simpson et al., 2000) robo[+]/robounspecified is an enhancer of ventral nerve cord phenotype of leaunspecified (Simpson et al., 2000) robo[+]/robounspecified is an enhancer of ventral nerve cord phenotype of leax135 (Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified/robounspecified is an enhancer of longitudinal connective phenotype of leaunspecified (Simpson et al., 2000, Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified/robounspecified is an enhancer of longitudinal connective phenotype of leax135 (Simpson et al., 2000, Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified/robounspecified is an enhancer of presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype of leaunspecified (Simpson et al., 2000, Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified/robounspecified is an enhancer of presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype of leax135 (Simpson et al., 2000, Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified/robounspecified is an enhancer of ventral nerve cord phenotype of leaunspecified (Simpson et al., 2000, Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified/robounspecified is an enhancer of ventral nerve cord phenotype of leax135 (Simpson et al., 2000, Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified is an enhancer of fascicle phenotype of sli2 (Stevens and Jacobs, 2002) sliunspecified/robounspecified is an enhancer of longitudinal connective | embryonic stage 16 phenotype of kuzunspecified (Coleman et al., 2010) sliunspecified/robounspecified is an enhancer of midline crossing tract | embryonic stage 16 phenotype of kuzunspecified (Coleman et al., 2010)
Other
Statement Reference leaa.cSa, leacSa, robounspecified has longitudinal connective phenotype (Simpson et al., 2000) leacSa/leaa.cSa, robounspecified has longitudinal connective phenotype (Simpson et al., 2000) learobo2-4, robounspecified has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype (Wills et al., 2002) learobo2-5, robounspecified has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype (Wills et al., 2002) leaunspecified, robounspecified has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype (Schimmelpfeng et al., 2001, Schimmelpfeng et al., 2001) robo31, robounspecified has presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system phenotype (Wills et al., 2002) robo3a.cSa, robo3cSa, robounspecified has longitudinal connective phenotype (Simpson et al., 2000) robo3a.cSa/robo3cSa, robounspecified has longitudinal connective phenotype (Simpson et al., 2000) robounspecified, sliunspecified has longitudinal connective phenotype (Bossing and Brand, 2002, Bossing and Brand, 2002)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference kuz[unspecified] does not enhance the FasII axon midline crossing phenotype seen in robo[unspecified] stage 16 embryos. Pan-neuronal expression of fra::robo[U.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC] under the control of Scer\GAL4[elav.PLu] partially suppresses the midline crossing phenotype seen in robo[unspecified] mutants. Many of the most medial FasII axons still cross the midline. Pan-neuronal expression of fra::robo[Scer\UAS.FR.T:Hsap\MYC] under the control of Scer\GAL4[elav.PLu] partially suppresses the midline crossing phenotype seen in robo[unspecified] mutants. Many of the most medial ipsilateral axons still cross the midline. Expression of fra::robo[U.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC] in the ap neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4[ap-md544] partially suppresses the midline crossing phenotype seen in robo[unspecified] mutants. In some segments the ap axon tracts on either side of the midline are fused and collapsed on the midline. Expression of fra::robo[Scer\UAS.FR.T:Hsap\MYC] in the ap neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4[ap-md544] partially rescues the midline crossing phenotype seen in robo[unspecified] mutants. Some segments have ap axon tracts on both sides of the midline. One copy of robo[unspecified] enhances the ectopic midline crossing phenotype seen when kuz[DN.Scer\UAS] is expressed in the ipsilateral ap neurons of stage 16 embryos under the control of Scer\GAL4[ap-md544]. Expression of kuz[DN.Scer\UAS] in the ipsilateral ap neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4[ap-md544] enhances the ectopic midline crossing phenotype seen in robo[unspecified]/+ stage 16 embryos. (Coleman et al., 2010) The positioning of the longitudinal tracts in robounspecified ; NetAunspecified NetBunspecified double mutant embryos is as seen in NetAunspecified NetBunspecified single mutant embryos. (Bhat, 2005) Longitudinal tracts collapse at the midline in sliunspecified robounspecified double mutant embryos. (Bossing and Brand, 2002) 21% of ganglionic branches stall outside the central nervous system in robounspecified leaunspecified double mutant embryos, 31% cross the midline and 45% are misrouted. The longitudinal axons collapse along the midline. The midline crossing phenotype of the ganglionic branches in robounspecified mutant embryos is not rescued by expression of leaScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1,T:wg under the control of Scer\GAL4bs.Term. Expression of sliScer\UAS.cKa under the control of Scer\GAL4twi.PG in a robounspecified background results in the formation of additional visceral branches from metamere T3 and also from other tracheal metameres. (Englund et al., 2002) sli2 robounspecified double mutants exhibit midline guidance errors in 44% of embryonic segments (as assayed with Fas2). The heterozygote Df(1)NP5 phenotype is not enhanced in embryos also heterozygous for robounspecified. In contrast, the frequency of midline guidance errors is increased in robounspecified/+ embryos also heterozygous for Df(1)NP5. (Stevens and Jacobs, 2002) The frequency of ectopic crossing of the midline by axons in the central nervous system seen in robounspecified learobo2-4 embryos is increased by Abl2/+ or Abl4/+. The frequency of ectopic crossing of the midline by axons in the central nervous system seen in robounspecified learobo2-5 embryos is increased by Abl2/+. The frequency of ectopic crossing of the midline by axons in the central nervous system seen in robounspecified robo31 embryos is increased by Abl2/+. (Wills et al., 2002) leaunspecified ; robounspecified double mutant embryos show an almost complete collapse of axon fascicles at the central nervous system midline. robounspecified homozygotes that are also heterozygous for kuzunspecified have a central nervous system (CNS) phenotype similar to that of robounspecified single mutants. The overall axon phenotype of robounspecified kuzunspecified double homozygotes is slightly more severe than that of robounspecified single mutants as axons are frequently detected running along the CNS midline. (Schimmelpfeng et al., 2001) The addition of communspecified to robounspecified embryos does not affect the number of commissure crossing the midline. (Rajagopalan et al., 2000) Injection of leacSa and leaa.cSa as dsRNA into robounspecified embryos results in embryos with only a single Fas2-expressing longitudinal fascicle, which runs along the midline. Injection of robo3cSa and robo3a.cSa as dsRNA into robounspecified embryos results in embryos with 2 Fas2-expressing longitudinal fascicles; the medial fascicle, which is thicker than normal as it contains axons that are normally part of the intermediate fascicle, and the lateral fascicle. The combined medial and intermediate fascicle ectopically crosses and recrosses the midline. The lateral fascicle remains ipsilateral. (Simpson et al., 2000) Embryos homozygous mutant for robounspecified and leaunspecified show a compressed midline where all the axons approach the midline and cannot leave. The addition of commΔe39 does not effect this phenotype. Embryos heterozygous for leaunspecified/+ and homozygous robounspecified, show ectopic crossing of the medial Fas2 pathway but the medial pathway collapses entirely onto the midline. Embryos heterozygous for robounspecified/+ and homozygous leaunspecified much more ectopic crossing is sen tha seen in leaunspecified homozygotes. In a robounspecified/commΔe39 double mutant embryo, the intermediate Fas2 pathways is also perturbed and can be seen crossing the midline. (Simpson et al., 2000)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	robounspecified is rescued by roboScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC/Scer\GAL4ap-md544 (Coleman et al., 2010)
Partially rescued by	robounspecified is partially rescued by roboScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC/Scer\GAL4elav.PLu (Coleman et al., 2010) robounspecified is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4bs.Term/roboScer\UAS.cKa (Englund et al., 2002) robounspecified is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4elav-C155/roboScer\UAS.cKa (Englund et al., 2002)
Not rescued by	robounspecified is not rescued by robolea.HR.T:Ivir\HA1 (Spitzweck et al., 2010) robounspecified is not rescued by roborobo3.HR.T:Ivir\HA1 (Spitzweck et al., 2010) robounspecified is not rescued by roboΔCC2CC3.Scer\UAS/Scer\GAL4elav.PLu (Fan et al., 2003)
Comments	Pan-neuronal expression of robo[Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC] under the control of Scer\GAL4[elav.PLu] partially rescues the midline crossing phenotype seen in robo[unspecified] stage 16 embryos. Some ectopic crossing of FasII axons is still seen. Expression of robo[Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC] in the ap neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4[ap-md544] rescues the midline crossing phenotype seen in robo[unspecified] mutants. (Coleman et al., 2010) The characteristic robo[unspecified] phenotype (crossing of the midline by Fas2-positive longitudinal axons) is not rescued if the embryos are also heterozygous for robo[lea.HR.T:Ivir\HA1]. The characteristic robo[unspecified] phenotype (crossing of the midline by Fas2-positive longitudinal axons) is not rescued if the embryos are also heterozygous for robo[robo3.HR.T:Ivir\HA1]. (Spitzweck et al., 2010)
Stocks ( 0 )
Notes on Origin
Discoverer
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 1 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	robounspecified
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 17 )
Research paper	Coleman et al., 2010, Development 137(14): 2417--2426 The Adam family metalloprotease Kuzbanian regulates the cleavage of the roundabout receptor to control axon repulsion at the midline. [FBrf0211121] Spitzweck et al., 2010, Cell 140(3): 409--420 Distinct Protein Domains and Expression Patterns Confer Divergent Axon Guidance Functions for Drosophila Robo Receptors. [FBrf0209892] Grueber et al., 2007, Development 134(1): 55--64 Projections of Drosophila multidendritic neurons in the central nervous system: links with peripheral dendrite morphology. [FBrf0194377] Bhat, 2005, Genetics 170(1): 149--159 Slit-roundabout signaling neutralizes Netrin-Frazzled-mediated attractant cue to specify the lateral positioning of longitudinal axon pathways. [FBrf0187630] Fan et al., 2003, Neuron 40(1): 113--127 Slit stimulation recruits Dock and Pak to the roundabout receptor and increases Rac activity to regulate axon repulsion at the CNS midline. [FBrf0167957] Bossing and Brand, 2002, Development 129(18): 4205--4218 Dephrin, a transmembrane ephrin with a unique structure, prevents interneuronal axons from exiting the Drosophila embryonic CNS. [FBrf0151915] Englund et al., 2002, Development 129(21): 4941--4951 Attractive and repulsive functions of Slit are mediated by different receptors in the Drosophila trachea. [FBrf0151931] Stevens and Jacobs, 2002, J. Neurosci. 22(11): 4448--4455 Integrins regulate responsiveness to slit repellent signals. [FBrf0149077] Wills et al., 2002, Neuron 36(4): 611--622 A Drosophila homolog of cyclase-associated proteins collaborates with the abl tyrosine kinase to control midline axon pathfinding. [FBrf0152273] Schimmelpfeng et al., 2001, Mech. Dev. 106(1-2): 25--36 The function of leak and kuzbanian during growth cone and cell migration. [FBrf0137299] Rajagopalan et al., 2000, Neuron 28(3): 767--777 Crossing the midline: roles and regulation of Robo receptors. [FBrf0132432] Simpson et al., 2000, Neuron 28(3): 753--766 Short-range and long-range guidance by Slit and its Robo receptors: robo and Robo2 play distinct roles in midline guidance. [FBrf0132431] Simpson et al., 2000, Cell 103(7): 1019--1032 Short-range and long-range guidance by Slit and its Robo receptors: a combinatorial code of Robo receptors controls lateral position. [FBrf0132257] Bashaw and Goodman, 1999, Cell 97(7): 917--926 Chimeric axon guidance receptors: the cytoplasmic domains of slit and netrin receptors specify attraction versus repulsion. [FBrf0108593] Gao et al., 1999, Genes Dev. 13(19): 2549--2561 Genes regulating dendritic outgrowth, branching, and routing in Drosophila. [FBrf0111874] Hummel et al., 1999, Development 126(4): 771--779 Commissure formation in the embryonic CNS of Drosophila. [FBrf0106675] Kidd et al., 1998, Neuron 20(1): 25--33 Dosage-sensitive and complementary functions of roundabout and commissureless control axon crossing of the CNS midline. [FBrf0100781]