Allele Dmel\ApcQ8
| General Information | |||
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| Symbol | Dmel\ApcQ8 | Species | D. melanogaster |
| Name | FlyBase ID | FBal0091898 | |
| Feature type | allele | Associated gene | Dmel\Apc |
| Also Known As | apc1Q8, D-APCQ8, dAPCQ8 | ||
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| Allele class | |||
| Mutagen | |||
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| Description |
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| FB2013_03 | |||
| FB2013_02 | |||
| All updates | Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on. | ||
Nature of the Allele
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| Allele class | |||
| Mutagen | |||
| Mutations Mapped to the Genome | |||
Type Location Additional Notes References point mutation evidence=experimental na_change=C24665205T | |||
| Associated Sequence Data | |||
| DDBJ
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EMBL / GenBank | DNA sequence Protein sequence Name | ||
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| Progenitor genotype | |||
| Nature of the lesion | Statement Reference Nucleotide substitution: C1486T. Amino acid replacement: Q426@. | ||
| Cytology | |||
Phenotypic Data
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Phenotypic Class
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Phenotype Manifest In
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male germline stem cell & centrosome (with Df(3R)3450) male germline stem cell & spindle (with Df(3R)3450) neuron & retina & pupa | |||
Detailed Description
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Statement Reference Photoreceptor cells undergo apoptosis in homozygous flies. All photoreceptors undergo apoptosis in homozygous Apc[Q8] mutants. The pigment cell lattice remains intact. Prior to photoreceptor cell death the photoreceptors appear shorter and aberrant specification of all inner photoreceptors in the dorsal half of the retina to a dorsal rim area fate, as evidenced by enlarged rhabdomeres. Apc[Q8] adult retina exhibit complete photoreceptor cell loss. All photoreceptors in homozygous mutants undergo apoptosis. Mutants show photoreceptor apoptosis. Ectopic photoreceptor apoptosis is seen in the developing eyes of ApcS76/ApcQ8 pupae, beginning at around 35 hours after puparium formation (APF) and peaking at 42 hours APF. This timing is identical to that of photoreceptor apoptosis occurring at the periphery of the developing eye in wild-type pupae. Spindle orientation and centrosome position are perturbed in the germline stem cells of ApcQ8/Df(3R)3450 males. Homozygotes survive to adulthood. They show apoptotic death of all retinal neurons in all ommatidia during pupal development. The pigment cell lattice remains intact. Asymmetric divisions of neuroblasts appear to be unaffected in the brains of mutant larvae. Homozygous adults raised at the permissive temperature are morphologically normal, although they lack pseudopupils. All photoreceptor cells within all ommatidia are missing, although the pigment cell lattice remains intact in newly eclosed flies. The pigment cells enlarge to the point of confluence several days after eclosion. Heterozygous adults have wild-type ommatidia. Retinal axonal projections to the optic lobe are intact in homozygous third instar larvae. At 45-50% pupal development, many apoptotic nuclei are seen in homozygous eye discs. Apoptosis is restricted to the retinal neurons; no apoptotic nuclei are seen in non-neuronal cells in the eye disc. Apoptosis is not seen in wild-type eye discs at this stage. The actin cytoskeleton of the mutant photoreceptor cells is disorganised, in contrast to wild-type. | |||
External Data
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| Linkouts | |||
Interactions
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Phenotypic Class
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Suppressed by | |||
Statement Reference Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect phenotype, suppressible | partially by Apc2FL.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect phenotype, suppressible | partially by Apc2R1-R5SA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect phenotype, suppressible | partially by Apc2R1-R5SD.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect phenotype, suppressible | partially by Apc2R3-R5ExR.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect phenotype, suppressible | partially by Apc2R3-R5SA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect phenotype, suppressible | partially by Apc2R3-R5SD.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect phenotype, suppressible | partially by Apc2ΔC30.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP ApcQ8/ApcS76 has increased cell death | pupal stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by Df(3L)H99/+ | |||
NOT suppressed by | |||
Statement Reference Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect phenotype, non-suppressible | partially by Apc2ΔC30.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect phenotype, non-suppressible by Apc2R1-R5ExR.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect phenotype, non-suppressible by Apc2Δ15RΔ20RΔB.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect phenotype, non-suppressible by Apc2Δ20RΔB.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP | |||
Other | |||
Statement Reference Apc219-3, ApcQ8, AxnS044230 has neuroanatomy defective | somatic clone | third instar larval stage phenotype Apc233, ApcQ8, AxnS044230 has neuroanatomy defective | somatic clone | third instar larval stage phenotype | |||
Phenotype Manifest In
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NOT Enhanced by | |||
Statement Reference Apc2d40, ApcQ8, AxnS044230 has denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by Apc2Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP/Scer\GAL4da.G32 Apc2d40, ApcQ8, AxnS044230 has denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by Apc2Scer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG/Scer\GAL4da.G32 Apc2d40, ApcQ8, AxnS044230 has denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by AxnScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG/Scer\GAL4da.G32 Apc2d40, ApcQ8 has denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-enhanceable by AxnScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG/Scer\GAL4da.G32 | |||
Suppressed by | |||
Statement Reference Apc233, ApcQ8 has intestinal stem cell | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by panΔN.Scer\UAS/Scer\GAL4tub.PU Apc2d40, ApcQ8, AxnS044230 has denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, suppressible by AxnScer\UAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4da.G32 Apc2d40, ApcQ8 has denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, suppressible by Apc2Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP/Scer\GAL4da.G32 Apc2d40, ApcQ8 has denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, suppressible by AxnScer\UAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4da.G32 Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by Apc2ΔArmRepeats.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by Apc2WT.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by Apc2FL.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by Apc2R1-R5SA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by Apc2R1-R5SD.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by Apc2R3-R5ExR.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by Apc2R3-R5SA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible | partially by Apc2R3-R5SD.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by Apc2FL.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by Apc2ΔC30.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has intestinal stem cell | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible | partially by panΔN.Scer\UAS/Scer\GAL4tub.PU Apc2N175K, ApcQ8 has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle phenotype, suppressible by AxnScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP/Scer\GAL4arm.PS Apc2N175K, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by AxnScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP/Scer\GAL4arm.PS | |||
NOT suppressed by | |||
Statement Reference Apc2d40, ApcQ8, AxnS044230 has denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-suppressible by Apc2Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP/Scer\GAL4da.G32 Apc2d40, ApcQ8, AxnS044230 has denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-suppressible by Apc2Scer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG/Scer\GAL4da.G32 Apc2d40, ApcQ8, AxnS044230 has denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-suppressible by AxnScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG/Scer\GAL4da.G32 Apc2d40, ApcQ8 has denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-suppressible by Apc2Scer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG/Scer\GAL4da.G32 Apc2d40, ApcQ8 has denticle belt | germline clone phenotype, non-suppressible by AxnScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG/Scer\GAL4da.G32 Apc2f90, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, non-suppressible by AxnScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP/Scer\GAL4arm.PS Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Apc2R1-R5ExR.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Apc2Δ15RΔ20RΔB.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Apc2Δ20RΔB.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Apc2ΔC30.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP | |||
Enhancer of | |||
Statement Reference | |||
NOT Enhancer of | |||
Statement Reference | |||
NOT Suppressor of | |||
Statement Reference | |||
Other | |||
Statement Reference Apc2d40, ApcQ8 has embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | germline clone | maternal effect phenotype Apc2f90, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype Apc2f90/Apc2[+], ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype Apc2g10, ApcQ8, NdsRNA.P.Scer\UAS, Scer\GAL4tub.PU has intestinal stem cell | somatic clone phenotype Apc2g10, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype Apc2N175K, ApcQ8 has embryonic/larval cuticle | germline clone | rescuable maternal effect | embryonic stage phenotype | |||
Additional Comments
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Genetic Interactions
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Statement Reference 23% of embryos derived from females carrying homozygous Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] germline clones and heterozygous double mutant males (generated using the FRT-FLP-DFS technique) are able to hatch. All of the surviving embryos are maternally double null and zygotically heterozygous for the double-null chromosome. A further 25% of embryos display weak cuticle defects and these are also zygotically heterozygous for Apc2[g10] and Apc[Q8]. All of the maternally and zygotically double mutant embryos die showing severe cuticle defects.
Expression of Apc2[FL.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] partially suppresses the lethality seen in embryos derived from females carrying homozygous Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] germline clones and heterozygous double mutant males (generated using the FRT-FLP-DFS technique). 46% of embryos are able to hatch. The remaining progeny exhibit a very weak cuticle phenotype.
Expression of Apc2[Δ20RΔB.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] fails to suppresses the lethality seen in embryos derived from females carrying homozygous Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] germline clones and heterozygous double mutant males (generated using the FRT-FLP-DFS technique). 24% of embryos are able to hatch and the severity of the cuticle defects in the remaining progeny is similar to the double mutant alone.
Expression of Apc2[Δ15RΔ20RΔB.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] fails to suppress the lethality seen in embryos derived from females carrying homozygous Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] germline clones and heterozygous double mutant males (generated using the FRT-FLP-DFS technique). Between 18% and 24% of embryos are able to hatch, depending on the expression level of the transgenes. The severity of the cuticle defects in the remaining progeny is similar to the double mutant alone.
Expression of Apc2[R3-R5SA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] partially suppresses the lethality seen in embryos derived from females carrying homozygous Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] germline clones and heterozygous double mutant males (generated using the FRT-FLP-DFS technique). 68% of embryos are able to hatch.
Expression of Apc2[R3-R5SD.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] partially suppresses the lethality seen in embryos derived from females carrying homozygous Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] germline clones and heterozygous double mutant males (generated using the FRT-FLP-DFS technique). 40% of embryos are able to hatch.
Expression of Apc2[R1-R5SA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] partially suppresses the lethality seen in embryos derived from females carrying homozygous Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] germline clones and heterozygous double mutant males (generated using the FRT-FLP-DFS technique). 51% of embryos are able to hatch. The remaining progeny exhibit a more severe cuticle phenotype than in the double mutant alone.
Expression of Apc2[R1-R5SD.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] partially suppresses the lethality seen in embryos derived from females carrying homozygous Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] germline clones and heterozygous double mutant males (generated using the FRT-FLP-DFS technique). 49% of embryos are able to hatch. The remaining progeny exhibit a more severe cuticle phenotype than in the double mutant alone.
Expression of Apc2[R1-R5ExR.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] fails to suppress the lethality seen in embryos derived from females carrying homozygous Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] germline clones and heterozygous double mutant males (generated using the FRT-FLP-DFS technique). 21% of embryos are able to hatch. The severity of the cuticle defects in the remaining progeny is similar to the double mutant alone.
Expression of Apc2[R3-R5ExR.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] partially suppresses the lethality seen in embryos derived from females carrying homozygous Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] germline clones and heterozygous double mutant males (generated using the FRT-FLP-DFS technique). 50% of embryos are able to hatch. The remaining progeny exhibit a very weak cuticle phenotype. The cells around the wing pouch in Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] double mutant third instar larval wing disc clones are apically constricted and invaginated.
No apical constriction is seen in the cells surrounding the wing pouch in Apc[Q8] Apc2[33] double mutant third instar larval clones.
Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] double mutant clone cells generated in the medullar region of third instar larval brains segregate from their neighbours to form cysts. When clones are induced in the medullar neurons the axons do not extend to the medullar neuropil, forming knots in the center of the clones rather than the normal finely fasciculated projections seen in wild type.
Apc2[19-3] Apc[Q8] double mutant clone cells generated in the medullar region of third instar larval brains segregate from their neighbours to form cysts. When clones are induced in the medullar neurons the axons do not extend to the medullar neuropil, forming knots in the center of the clones rather than the normal finely fasciculated projections seen in wild type.
Apc2[19-3] Apc[Q8] double mutant clone cells generated in the medullar region of third instar larval brains sometimes segregate from their neighbours to form cysts. When clones are induced in the medullar neurons the axons extend correctly to the medullar neuropil.
Apc[Q8] enhances the embryonic cuticle phenotype seen in Apc2[g10] mutants. In Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] double mutant embryos all cells are converted to posterior fates. No cells are seen that secrete the denticles normally seen in the anterior cuticle.
Expression of Apc2[ΔArmRepeats.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] provides a very weak rescue of the anterior fate loss seen in Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] maternal/zygotic mutant embryos.
Expression of Apc2[T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] rescues the anterior fate loss seen in Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] maternal/zygotic mutant embryos.
Apc2[19-3] Apc[Q8] Axn[S044230] triple mutant clone cells generated in the medullar region of third instar larval brains sometimes segregate from their neighbours to form cysts. When clones are induced in the medullar neurons the axons extend correctly to the medullar neuropil. Embryos derived from Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] males crossed to females containing double homozygous germline clones generate naked cuticle. These embryos show approximately 50% lethality (as half the embryos are paternally rescued).
The cuticle defects of embryos derived from Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] males crossed to females containing double homozygous germline clones are rescued by expression of Apc2[T:Avic\GFP-EGFP,T:Zzzz\Mito-actA]. The embryonic lethality is partially rescued (19% lethality is seen).
The cuticle defects of embryos derived from Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] males crossed to females containing double homozygous germline clones are strongly rescued by expression of Apc2[T:Avic\GFP-EGFP,T:Mmmm\c-Ha-Ras]. The embryonic lethality is partially rescued (41% lethality is seen).
The cuticle defects of embryos derived from Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] males crossed to females containing double homozygous germline clones are strongly rescued by expression of Apc2[T:Myr-Src64B,T:Avic\GFP-EGFP]. The embryonic lethality is partially rescued (33% lethality is seen).
The cuticle defects of embryos derived from Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] males crossed to females containing double homozygous germline clones are partially rescued by expression of Apc2[T:Avic\GFP-EGFP,T:Hsap\CAAX]. The embryonic lethality is not rescued. ebd1[240]/ebd1[Df5] suppresses the apoptosis of photoreceptor cells which is seen in Apc[Q8] homozygotes, such that the rescued photoreceptors are wild type in length.
Homozygosity for CG13895[190] partially suppresses the apoptosis of photoreceptor cells which is seen in Apc[Q8] homozygotes; photoreceptors are seen only in a subset of ommatidia, and these ommatidia have less than seven photoreceptors.
ebd2[136] weakly suppresses the apoptosis of photoreceptor cells which is seen in Apc[Q8] homozygotes. ebd1[QF1] suppresses the photoreceptor apoptosis phenotype seen in Apc[Q8] flies.
The photoreceptor apoptosis phenotype seen in Apc[Q8] flies is suppressed by Df(3L)27-3/Df(3L)ED4136. Scer\GAL4[elav.PU]-driven Hsap\TFRC[Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP] is mis-localized in Khc[8]/+, Apc[Q8]/+ animals. Embryos maternally and zygotically double mutant for Apc[Q8] and Apc2[N175K] display a naked cuticle phenotype.
Embryos maternally and zygotically double mutant for Apc[Q8] and Apc2[f90] display a naked cuticle phenotype.
Expression of Axn[Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP] under the control of Scer\GAL4[arm.PS] restores normal-looking denticle belts in embryos maternally and zygotically mutant for Apc[Q8] and Apc2[N175K].
Expression of Axn[Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP] under the control of Scer\GAL4[arm.PS] is unable to restore normal-looking denticle belts in embryos that are maternally and zygotically mutant for Apc[Q8] and Apc2[f90]. Every single embryo exhibits a completely naked cuticle, without any sign of denticle restoration.
Expression of Axn[Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP] under the control of Scer\GAL4[arm.PS] restores normal-looking denticle belts in embryos derived from females containing Apc[Q8] Apc2[f90] double mutant germline clones crossed with wild type males.
Expressing Axn[FGmut.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP] under the control of Scer\GAL4[arm.PS] does not suppress the naked cuticle phenotype seen in Apc[Q8] Apc2[f90] double mutant embryos. Only occasional individual denticles are seen. Embryos derived from Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] males crossed to females containing double homozygous germline clones generate naked cuticle. These embryos show approximately 50% lethality (as half the embryos are paternally rescued).
The cuticle defects and lethality of embryos derived from Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] males crossed to females containing double homozygous germline clones are rescued by expression of Apc2[WT.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP], Apc2[ΔR3.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] or Apc2[Δ15.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP].
The cuticle defects and lethality of embryos derived from Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] males crossed to females containing double homozygous germline clones are not rescued by Apc2[KeepR3.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP], Apc2[Δ20.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP], Apc2[ΔR2.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP], Apc2[ΔB.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] or Apc2[d40.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP].
Apc2[Δ15Δ20.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] does not rescue the cuticle defects of embryos derived from Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] males crossed to females containing double homozygous germline clones. Apc2[Δ15Δ20.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] may show some dominant negative activity, as 82% embryonic lethality is seen, suggesting that the ability of paternally supplied Apc[+] and Apc2[+] to rescue embryonic lethality is compromised.
Apc2[ΔSAMP.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] does not rescue the cuticle defects of embryos derived from Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] males crossed to females containing double homozygous germline clones. Apc2[ΔSAMP.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] may show some dominant negative activity, as 71% embryonic lethality is seen, suggesting that the ability of paternally supplied Apc[+] and Apc2[+] to rescue embryonic lethality is compromised. Hemizygous ewg[P1] suppresses the apoptosis seen in Apc[Q8] mutant photoreceptors. This apoptosis can be restored by expressing ewg[elav.NS].
Hemizygous ewg[1]/ewg[2] suppresses the apoptosis seen in Apc[Q8] mutant photoreceptors. The shortening of photoreceptor length seen prior to apoptosis is also suppressed, as is the rhabdomere enlargement seen as a result of misspecification of all of the photoreceptors in the dorsal half of the retina to a dorsal rim area fate.
Hemizygous ewg[P1]/ewg[2] suppresses the apoptosis seen in Apc[Q8] mutant photoreceptors. The shortening of photoreceptor length seen prior to apoptosis is also suppressed, and the rhabdomere enlargement seen as a result of misspecification of all of the photoreceptors in the dorsal half of the retina to a dorsal rim area fate is also partially suppressed. This is most evident near the dorsal-ventral equator. 23% of embryos derived from females carrying homozygous Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] germline clones and heterozygous double mutant males (generated using the FRT-FLP-DFS technique) are able to hatch. All of the surviving embryos are maternally double null and zygotically heterozygous for the double-null chromosome, whilst all of the maternally and zygotically mutant embryos died. The embryos display a range of cuticle defects including a reduction in cuticle size due to excess cell death, a hole in the anterior cuticle due to a failure in head involution and the production of excess smooth cuticle at the expense of denticles.
Expression of Apc2[FL.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] suppresses the lethality seen in embryos derived from females carrying homozygous Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] germline clones and heterozygous double mutant males (generated using the FRT-FLP-DFS technique). 46% of embryos are able to hatch. The cuticle defects are also significantly rescued.
Expression of Apc2[ΔC30.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] suppresses the lethality seen in embryos derived from females carrying homozygous Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] germline clones and heterozygous double mutant males (generated using the FRT-FLP-DFS technique). 46% of embryos are able to hatch. The cuticle defects are also significantly rescued.
Expression of Apc2[N-SAMP.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP] is unable to suppress the lethality seen in embryos derived from females carrying homozygous Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] germline clones and heterozygous double mutant males (generated using the FRT-FLP-DFS technique). 17% of embryos are able to hatch and the severity of the cuticle defects is similar to in the double mutant alone. Apc2[g10], Apc[Q8]/Apc2[c9] adults shifted to the non-permissive temperature show an increase in BrdU incorporation in the midgut compared to controls maintained at the permissive temperature.
5 days after clone induction in adults, Apc2[g10], Apc[Q8] double mutant clones in the midgut have a significantly increased number of cells per clone compared to controls. There is a significant increase in cell size both in the anterior and posterior midgut, with the average size being greater in the posterior midgut. Intestinal stem cell self-renewal is unaffected at 5 and 10 days after clone induction in the adult.
20 days after clone induction in adults, midguts containing Apc2[g10], Apc[Q8] double mutant clones are associated with gross anatomical changes, including hyperplasia and multilayered cellular masses that distort the luminal surface of the midgut.
Apc2[g10], Apc[Q8] double mutant clones in the adult midgut that are also expressing N[dsRNA.P.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[tub] often show extensive proliferation and multilayering 10 days after induction in the adult. The number of intestinal stem cells present and the mitotic index of the intestinal stem cells 5 days after induction is significantly higher in Apc2[g10], Apc[Q8] double mutant clones in the adult midgut that are also expressing N[dsRNA.P.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[tub] compared to clones expressing N[dsRNA.P.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[tub] in an otherwise wild-type background.
Apc2[33] Apc[Q8] double mutant intestinal stem cell clones in the adult midgut show hyperplasia.
The hyperplasia seen in Apc2[33] Apc[Q8] double mutant intestinal stem cell clones in the adult midgut is completely suppressed if they are also expressing pan[ΔN.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[tub].
The hyperplasia seen in Apc2[g10] Apc[Q8] double mutant intestinal stem cell clones in the adult midgut is partially suppressed if they are also expressing pan[ΔN.Scer\UAS] under the control of Scer\GAL4[tub]. A heterozygous or homozygous ninaA[E110V] background is sufficient to induce a partial rescue of photoreceptor cells from Apc[Q8]-induced loss. The ventral cuticle of Apc[Q8], Apc2[d40] double mutant embryos is naked.
Expression of Axn[Scer\UAS.cHa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[da.G32] blocks the naked-cuticle phenotype of Apc[Q8], Apc2[d40] double mutant embryos.
Expression of Axn[Scer\UAS.T:Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG] under the control of Scer\GAL4[da.G32] has no effect on the naked-cuticle phenotype of Apc[Q8], Apc2[d40] double mutant embryos.
Expression of Apc2[Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP] under the control of Scer\GAL4[da.G32] restores wild-type patterning of the ventral cuticle in Apc[Q8], Apc2[d40] double mutant embryos.
Expression of Apc2[Scer\UAS.T:Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG] under the control of Scer\GAL4[da.G32] fails to restore wild-type patterning of the ventral cuticle in Apc[Q8], Apc2[d40] double mutant embryos.
Triple mutants for Axn[S044230], Apc[Q8] and Apc2[d40] have naked ventral embryonic epidermis.
The ventral denticle belt phenotype of Axn[S044230], Apc[Q8], Apc2[d40] triple mutants is suppressed by expression of Axn[Scer\UAS.cHa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[da.G32].
Expression of Axn[Scer\UAS.T:Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG] under the control of Scer\GAL4[da.G32] has no effect on the ventral denticle belt phenotype of Axn[S044230], Apc[Q8], Apc2[d40] triple mutants.
Expression of Apc2[Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP] under the control of Scer\GAL4[da.G32] has no effect on the ventral denticle belt phenotype of Axn[S044230], Apc[Q8], Apc2[d40] triple mutants.
Expression of Apc2[Scer\UAS.T:Src64B,T:Zzzz\FLAG] under the control of Scer\GAL4[da.G32] has no effect on the ventral denticle belt phenotype of Axn[S044230], Apc[Q8], Apc2[d40] triple mutants. ApcQ8 Apc25-3 double homozygotes show loss of sternites and sternal bristles and expansion of the pleura in the abdomen.
ApcQ8 Apc25-3/ApcQ8 Apc2G5028 double mutants show loss of sternites and sternal bristles and expansion of the pleura in the abdomen.
ApcQ8 Apc25-3/ApcQ8 Apc219-3 double mutants show a wing to notum transformation.
The photoreceptor cell apoptosis phenotype seen in ApcQ8 homozygotes is suppressed by Apc233/+ but not by Apc2g10/+. ApcQ8 Apc25-3/ApcQ8 Apc233 double mutants show expansion of sternal territory in the abdomen and ectopic sternal bristles, at the expense of the pleura.
ApcQ8 Apc2G5028/ApcQ8 Apc233 double mutants show expansion of sternal territory in the abdomen and ectopic sternal bristles, at the expense of the pleura. There is no difference in the frequency of mispositioned oocytes between wild type and Apc2g10, ApcQ8 double mutant mutant germlines.
Apc2g10, ApcQ8 maternal/zygotic double mutant embryos show no defects in epithelial structure and do not show a total disruption of the cuticle.
Apc2g10, ApcQ8 maternally mutant syncytial embryos show similar levels (35 vs 37%) of cortical nuclei movement to the anterior to Apc2g10 syncytial embryos.
Apc2g10, ApcQ8 maternally mutant syncytial embryos do not have significant defects in overall spindle morphology or orientation but do show a slight but significant lengthening of the pole-to-pole distance. These double mutants show normal symmetric cell division. ApcQ8 Apc2d40 double mutant homozygotes derived from heterozygous parents differentiate a normal larval cuticle but die during the larval stage. ApcQ8 Apc2d40 double mutant clones in the wing autonomously form marginal structures, adopting the fate of those marginal cells that are closest to the clone; they form bristles in the anterior and thin tapered hairs in the posterior. The clones can occupy up to 1/3 of the wing surface. ApcQ8 Apc2d40 double mutant clones result in outgrowths in the proximal leg and duplications in the distal leg. The duplications arise from the dorsal side of the leg and contain both homozygous clone cells and neighbouring heterozygous cells. Double mutant clones are rarely found in parts of the leg that have differentiated into dorsal structures. Double mutant clones are frequently found in ventral structures and ventral bristles in these clones are often morphologically normal. ApcQ8 Apc2d40 double mutant clones in the eye show transformation into ectopic head cuticle. These clones can occupy up to half the eye. ApcQ8 Apc2d40 double mutant clones also produce mutant phenotypes in the head cuticle, antennae, labial disc derivatives, notum, tergites and genitalia. The expansion of naked cuticle seen in embryos derived from Apc2d40 females mated to Apc2d40 males is enhanced if the maternal or zygotic dose of Apc is reduced by half (using ApcQ8); in these double mutant embryos most denticles are eliminated. Embryos derived from ApcQ8 Apc2d40 double mutant germline clones (lacking maternal but not zygotic Apc and Apc2) have some cuticle defects but often hatch and survive to adulthood. Animals derived from ApcQ8 Apc2d40 double mutant germline clones and also lacking zygotic Apc (animal is homozygous for ApcQ8) die either during embryonic or larval stages and differentiate partially naked cuticles. The cuticle defects of embryos derived from ApcQ8 Apc2d40 double mutant germline clones are also enhanced if the embryos lack zygotic Apc2 (embryo is homozygous for Apc2d40). One copy of Apc2+t7 is able to partially prevent the apoptosis of retinal neurons seen in ApcQ8 homozygotes. Apc2d40, ApcQ8 double homozygotes die a first instar larvae. Apc2g10, ApcQ8 double homozygotes die as second instar larvae. Apc2ΔS, ApcQ8 double homozygotes die as second instar larvae. Double mutant second larval instar brains are essentially normal in size and the optic anlage has become epithelial. Second instar larval mushroom body neuroblasts proliferate as normal, but the number of other mitotic neuroblasts is drastically reduced relative to wild type. BrdU incorporation in the brain is drastically reduced in second instar larvae, with most labelled cells appearing to be mushroom body neuroblasts. The remaining larval neuroblasts retain the ability to divide asymetrically. The axonal scaffold is unaltered in Apc2ΔS, ApcQ8 double mutant embryos. Apc2d40 ApcQ8, Apc2ΔS ApcQ8, and Apc2g10 ApcQ8 double zygotic mutants are embryonic viable and exhibit a wild-type cuticle pattern, but die as larvae. In the embryonic progeny of Apc2ΔS ApcQ8/Apc2ΔS males and females crossed to each other ventral cells secrete only naked cuticle. This is a more severe cuticle phenotype than that seen in Apc2ΔS maternal and zygotic mutant embryos. Apc2d40 ApcQ8 maternal and zygotic double mutants exhibit a much stronger embryonic cuticle phenotype than Apc2d40 maternal and zygotic single mutants. Maternal and zygotic double mutant cuticles are shorter, and, unlike Apc2d40 maternal and zygotic single mutants, most embryos completely lack denticles. Maternal and zygotic double mutants also exhibit a complete failure of head involution. Dorsally, all cells are transformed to the fate normally adopted by posterior cells, and thus all secrete fine dorsal hairs. These embryos also exhibit slight abnormalities in dorsal closure not seen in the single mutant. Embryos receiving paternal wild-type copies of Apc2 and Apc are rescued to viability. Patches of ectopic wing margin bristles are seen in the wing blades of animals in which Apc2d40 ApcQ8 double mutant clones have been induced. Ectopic bristles are also seen in the nota of these animals. Overexpression of BacA\p35GMR.PH in ApcQ8 homozygotes rescues the retinal neurons from death. The rescued photoreceptors appear normal at the apical surface of the eye, but at more basal levels they have dramatically shrunken diameters and lose contacts with their neighbours. Many photoreceptors are rescued from death in homozygotes carrying one copy of arm4. The rescued photoreceptors appear completely normal from apex to base. Many photoreceptors are rescued from death in ApcQ8 homozygotes carrying one copy of armS5.T:Hsap\MYC, armS12.T:Hsap\MYC or armS15.T:Hsap\MYC in an arm4/+ background. Many photoreceptors are rescued from death in ApcQ8 homozygotes carrying one copy of sggScer\UAS.cSa expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4elav-C155. The rescued cells are only seen at the apical surface of the eye, there is no rescue more basally. Some photoreceptors are rescued from death in ApcQ8 homozygotes carrying one copy of panciD or pan13. The rescued cells are only seen at the apical surface of the eye, there is no rescue more basally. Photoreceptors are not rescued from death in ApcQ8 homozygotes carrying one copy of armS14.T:Hsap\MYC in an arm4/+ background. Photoreceptors are not rescued from death in homozygotes carrying one copy of arm8. | |||
Xenogenetic Interactions
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Statement Reference BacA\p35[GMR.PH] Apc[Q8] flies have shortened photoreceptors, which are visible in apical cross sections of the retina, but do not extend to its base. | |||
Complementation & Rescue Data
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Stocks
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| Bloomington | |||
Notes on Origin
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Synonyms & Secondary IDs
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| Reported As | |||
| Symbol Synonym | apc1Q8 APC1Q8 Apc1Q8 apcQ8 D-APCQ8 dAPCQ8 dApcQ8 | ||
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References
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Recent research papers ( 9 ) | |||
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