Allele Dmel\stnB¹²

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\stnB¹²	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0098643
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\stnB
Also Known As	stn^13-120

Allele class
Mutagen
Recent Updates
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02	Controlled Vocabulary Terms viable third instar larval stage NMJ bouton embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction lethal neuroanatomy defective pupal stage uncoordinated semi-lethal short lived
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Nature of the Allele
Allele class
Mutagen
Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal (Mohrmann et al., 2008) neuroanatomy defective \| third instar larval stage, with P{UAS-stnB.M}vl (Mohrmann et al., 2008) neurophysiology defective (Fergestad et al., 1999) neurophysiology defective \| third instar larval stage, with P{UAS-stnB.M}vl (Mohrmann et al., 2008) partially lethal - majority die \| pupal stage, with P{UAS-stnB.M}vl (Mohrmann et al., 2008) short lived, with P{UAS-stnB.M}vl (Mohrmann et al., 2008) uncoordinated, with P{UAS-stnB.M}vl (Mohrmann et al., 2008) viable, with P{UAS-stnB.M}l (Mohrmann et al., 2008) viable, with P{UAS-stnB.M}m (Mohrmann et al., 2008)
Phenotype Manifest In
	axon terminus (Fergestad et al., 1999) embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction \| third instar larval stage, with P{UAS-stnB.M}vl (Mohrmann et al., 2008) multivesicular body (Fergestad et al., 1999) NMJ bouton \| third instar larval stage, with P{UAS-stnB.M}vl (Mohrmann et al., 2008) synaptic vesicle (Fergestad et al., 1999) synaptic vesicle \| third instar larval stage, with P{UAS-stnB.M}vl (Mohrmann et al., 2008)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference stnB[12] mutant flies expressing an insertion of stnB[Scer\UAS.cMa] that results in very low levels of stnB (P{UAS-stnB.M}vl) under the control of Scer\GAL4[elav.PU] barely reach the adult stage due to an inability to eclose from the pupal case. Surviving animals are highly uncoordinated and live only for a few days. This phenotype is enhanced when flies are raised at 18[o]C; surviving adults are rare and extremely uncoordinated, with the majority of animals failing to eclose. When stnB[12] mutant flies express a line producing slightly higher expression (P{UAS-stnB.M}l) survival is at a near-normal rate, while flies carrying an insertion that results in a moderate level of stnB (P{UAS-stnB.M}m) appear indistinguishable from controls with respect to survival and coordinated movement. stnB[12] mutant third instar larvae expressing (P{UAS-stnB.M}vl) show defects in basal synaptic transmission (0.2Hz), with a 40% reduction in average excitatory junctional current (EJC) amplitude at neuromuscular junctions (muscle 6, segment 3) compared to controls. The amplitude is decreased further when the flies are raised at 18[o]C rather than 22[o]C. These larvae also show altered synaptic depression; when synapses are subjected to high-frequency stimulation (HFS) at 10Hz the initial reduction in amplitude is less pronounced than in wild-type and recovery is dramatically slowed. Raising the larvae at 18[o]C accentuates the slowing of the initial depression, but the recovery rate is improved slightly. A reduction in amplitude depression is also seen when flies are exposed to short trains of stimuli at frequencies greater than or equal to 5Hz and in response to paired stimuli with intervals of 50ms or 100ms. No difference is seen with intervals of 25ms, or at low calcium concentrations. No changes in either basal synaptic transmission of frequency-dependent synaptic depression are seen in third instar larvae expressing either the P{UAS-stnB.M}l or P{UAS-stnB.M}m insertion lines. Overall vesicle density is reduced by 22% in the boutons of stnB[12] mutant larvae expressing P{UAS-stnB.M}vl, but the numbers of clustered vesicles and docked vesicles at presynaptic active zones do not differ significantly from controls. The boutons in terminal regions of axonal branches are frequently not normally shaped - the oval bouton shape is lost and aggregates of smaller boutons seem to form instead. In many cases, the spacing of normally shaped boutons is decreased and boutons do not follow the size distribution patterns of Is and Ib boutons. In contrast, the majority of synaptic boutons in the central regions of the axonal branches have normal morphological features. The average bouton area is reduced by 30% compared with controls. The morphology of boutons in stnB[12] mutant larvae expressing P{UAS-stnB.M}m is comparable to wild type. (Mohrmann et al., 2008) Mutant nmjs appear morphologically wild type though the nerve terminals are slightly smaller than normal. In electrophysiological recordings at the embryonic nmj nerve stimulation produces muscle contraction demonstrating that presynaptic depolarization evokes transmitter release and that muscle excitation-secretion response is intact. However evoked EJC peak amplitudes are significantly reduced and the release of neurotransmitter at mutant synapses is markedly asynchronous due to delayed presynaptic vesicle fusion. Mutants have an impaired ability to synchronously trigger calcium-mediated vesicle fusion. The overall level of neurotransmitter release is reduced. Variability in EJC peak amplitudes is increased, compared to wild type. Transmission fidelity is lost. Calcium sensitivity is unaltered. MEJC frequency is not significantly altered, though amplitude is increased, perhaps because of increased quantity of neurotransmitter in some vesicles. Mutant synapses exhibit severe fatigue after prolonged stimulation. Synapses show decreased synaptic vesicle density and accumulate membrane-recycling intermediates. (Fergestad et al., 1999)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Suppressed by
Statement Reference stnA¹², stnB¹² has lethal \| recessive \| embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^4G/Syt1^Scer\UAS.cLa (Fergestad and Broadie, 2001) stnA¹², stnB¹² has lethal \| recessive \| embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by Syt1^Scer\UAS.cLa/Scer\GAL4¹⁴⁰⁷ (Fergestad and Broadie, 2001) stnB¹² has lethal phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^elav.PU/AP-2μ::stnB^{Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6.T:Hsap\MYC} (Mohrmann et al., 2008)
Other
Statement Reference Scer\GAL4^4G, stnA¹², stnB¹², Syt1^Scer\UAS.cLa has viable phenotype (Fergestad and Broadie, 2001, Fergestad and Broadie, 2001, Fergestad and Broadie, 2001) Scer\GAL4¹⁴⁰⁷, stnA¹², stnB¹², Syt1^Scer\UAS.cLa has lethal \| larval stage phenotype (Fergestad and Broadie, 2001, Fergestad and Broadie, 2001, Fergestad and Broadie, 2001) Scer\GAL4^elav-C155, stnA¹², stnA^AB.Scer\UAS, stnB¹², stnB^AB.Scer\UAS has viable phenotype (Estes et al., 2003, Estes et al., 2003) Scer\GAL4^elav-C155, stnA¹², stnA^Scer\UAS.cEa, stnB¹² has lethal phenotype (Estes et al., 2003) Scer\GAL4^elav-C155, stnA¹², stnB¹², stnB^AB.Scer\UAS has viable phenotype (Estes et al., 2003) Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW, stnA¹², stnA^AB.Scer\UAS, stnB¹², stnB^AB.Scer\UAS has lethal phenotype (Estes et al., 2003, Estes et al., 2003) Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW, stnA¹², stnB¹², stnB^Scer\UAS.cEa has lethal phenotype (Estes et al., 2003) Scer\GAL4^shi.PS, stnA¹², stnA^AB.Scer\UAS, stnB¹², stnB^AB.Scer\UAS has viable phenotype (Estes et al., 2003, Estes et al., 2003) stnA¹², stnB¹² has lethal \| recessive \| embryonic stage phenotype (Fergestad and Broadie, 2001, Fergestad and Broadie, 2001) stnA¹², stnB¹² has lethal phenotype (Estes et al., 2003, Estes et al., 2003) stnA¹²/stnA¹, stnB¹/stnB¹² has lethal phenotype (Stimson et al., 2001, Stimson et al., 2001)
Phenotype Manifest In
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference stnA¹², stnB⁶, stnA⁶, stnB¹² is a non-enhancer of neuromuscular junction phenotype of shi² (Stimson et al., 2001)
Other
Statement Reference stnA¹²/stnA⁶, stnB⁶/stnB¹² has neuromuscular junction & synaptic vesicle phenotype (Stimson et al., 2001, Stimson et al., 2001)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference Expression of AP-2μ::stnB[Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6.T:Hsap\MYC] under the control of Scer\GAL4[elav.PU] is unable to rescue the lethality associated with stnB[12] mutant animals. (Mohrmann et al., 2008) stnA¹² stnB¹²/Y ("stn^13-120") males do not survive to adulthood. The lethality of stnA¹² stnB¹²/Y ("stn^13-120") animals is not rescued by expression of syt^Scer\UAS.cLa under the control of either Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 or Scer\GAL4^shi.PS. (Estes et al., 2003) stnA¹² stnB¹² ("stn^13-120") mutant embryos show a more than 90% reduction in FM1-43 dye uptake at the neuromuscular junction after stimulus compared to wild type. stnA¹² stnB¹² ("stn^13-120") homozygotes show embryonic lethality. Expression of syt^Scer\UAS.cLa under the control of Scer\GAL4¹⁴⁰⁷ in this background results in approximately 98% of animals hatching at normal times, but they then die as first instar larvae. Expression of syt^Scer\UAS.cLa under the control of Scer\GAL4^4G in the stnA¹² stnB¹² background results in approximately 96% of embryos hatching, although hatching is delayed (animals hatch between 21 and 35 hours after fertilisation. These animals show adult viability. (Fergestad and Broadie, 2001) Synaptic vesicle internalisation at the neuromuscular junction is delayed relative to wild type in stnB⁶/stnB¹² mutants. (Stimson et al., 2001)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	stnB¹² is rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav.PU/stnB^{Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6.T:Hsap\MYC} (Mohrmann et al., 2008)
Not rescued by	stnB¹² is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav.PU/stnB^{ΔMHD.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6.T:Hsap\MYC} (Mohrmann et al., 2008) stnB¹² is not rescued by stnB^{Y1125G.R1135A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6.T:Hsap\MYC}/Scer\GAL4^elav.PU (Mohrmann et al., 2008)
Comments	Expression of stnB[Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6.T:Hsap\MYC] under the control of Scer\GAL4[elav.PU] rescues the lethality associated with stnB[12] mutant animals. Expression of stnB[Y1125G.R1135A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6.T:Hsap\MYC] under the control of Scer\GAL4[elav.PU] is unable to rescue the lethality associated with stnB[12] mutant animals. Expression of stnB[ΔMHD.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6.T:Hsap\MYC] under the control of Scer\GAL4[elav.PU] is unable to rescue the lethality associated with stnB[12] mutant animals. (Mohrmann et al., 2008) Expression of the dicistronic P{UAS-stnAB.E} construct (which expresses stnA^AB.Scer\UAS and stnB^AB.Scer\UAS) under the control of either Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 or Scer\GAL4^shi.PS rescues the lethality of stnA¹² stnB¹²/Y ("stn^13-120") animals. Expression of the dicistronic P{UAS-stnAB.E} construct (which expresses stnA^AB.Scer\UAS and stnB^AB.Scer\UAS) under the control of Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW does not rescue the lethality of stnA¹² stnB¹²/Y ("stn^13-120") animals. Expression of stnB^Scer\UAS.cEa under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 rescues the lethality of stnA¹² stnB¹²/Y ("stn^13-120") animals. Expression of stnB^Scer\UAS.cEa under the control of Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW does not rescue the lethality of stnA¹² stnB¹²/Y ("stn^13-120") animals. Expression of stnA^Scer\UAS.cEa under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 does not rescue the lethality of stnA¹² stnB¹²/Y ("stn^13-120") animals. (Estes et al., 2003)
Stocks ( 0 )

Notes on Origin
Discoverer
	Induced with: stnA¹². (Fergestad et al., 1999)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences

Linkouts

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 2 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	stn^13-120 (Estes et al., 2003, Stimson et al., 2001, Fergestad and Broadie, 2001, Fergestad et al., 1999, Wall et al., 2005, Mohrmann et al., 2008) stnB¹²
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 6 )
Research paper	Mohrmann et al., 2008, Neuroscience 153(4): 1048--1063 Stoned B mediates sorting of integral synaptic vesicle proteins. [FBrf0205314] Wall et al., 2005, J. Biol. Chem. 280(30): 27670--27678 Effective translation of the second cistron in two Drosophila dicistronic transcripts is determined by the absence of in-frame AUG codons in the first cistron. [FBrf0187804] Estes et al., 2003, Genetics 165(1): 185--196 Functional dissection of a eukaryotic dicistronic gene. Transgenic stonedB, but not stonedA, restores normal synaptic properties to Drosophila stoned mutants. [FBrf0162152] Fergestad and Broadie, 2001, J. Neurosci. 21(4): 1218--1227 Interaction of Stoned and Synaptotagmin in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. [FBrf0134719] Stimson et al., 2001, J. Neurosci. 21(9): 3034--3044 Drosophila stoned proteins regulate the rate and fidelity of synaptic vesicle internalization. [FBrf0135859] Fergestad et al., 1999, J. Neurosci. 19(14): 5847--5860 The stoned proteins regulate synaptic vesicle recycling in the presynaptic terminal. [FBrf0109701]

Allele Dmel\stnB12

Allele Dmel\stnB¹²