FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\Arr2[5]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Arr2⁵

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0098951

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\Arr2

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

loss of function allele

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

loss of function allele

(Satoh and Ready, 2005)

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Alloway and Dolph, 1999)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Amino acid replacement: Y20term.

(Alloway and Dolph, 1999)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

point_mutation

3L:8,648,766..8,648,766 [-]

Nucleotide change:

T8648766R

Amino acid change:

Y20term | Arr2-PA

Reported amino acid change:

Y20term

Comment:

Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change.

(Alloway and Dolph, 1999)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Disease

Evidence

References

model of sensorineural hearing loss

CEA

(Senthilan et al., 2012)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

abnormal auditory perception | adult stage

(Senthilan et al., 2012)

abnormal neurophysiology

(Liu et al., 2008, Han et al., 2006, Orem et al., 2006, Rajaram et al., 2005, Lee et al., 2003)

abnormal neurophysiology, with Arr2^3KQ

(Lee et al., 2003)

abnormal neurophysiology, with Arr2^S366A

(Liu et al., 2008)

abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage

(Senthilan et al., 2012)

Phenotype Manifest In

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Compound action potentials can be evoked by sound in the antennal nerve of mutant flies, but the sound particle velocities required to elicit the response is increased compared to wild type. The displacement response of the antenna over a range of sound particle velocities is linearised, indicating loss of mechanical amplification.

(Senthilan et al., 2012)

In whole-cell voltage-clamp recording of dissociated ommatidia from Arr2⁵ flies, the response to brief flashes of UV light inactivates normally but then fails to rapidly reach baseline leaving a secondary peak that decays over several seconds.

The response to a brief flash in dissociated ommatidia from Arr2⁵ flies shows a prolonged decay lasting several seconds, the tail of which can be fitted with a single exponential of approximately 1400ms. This slow deactivation is due to single photons exciting trains of quantum bumps, with refractory periods ranging from 50 to approximately 150ms. In Ca[2+]-free conditions, responses in Arr2⁵ flies are prolonged compared to wildtype, with an intermediate time course observed for Arr2⁵ heterozygotes.

(Liu et al., 2008)

In regular cyclic illuminating conditions, 7 day old mutant flies have smaller rhabdomeres than normal and have large intracellular vacuoles in the photoreceptors. The shape of the rhabdomere is normal in these flies.

(Ni et al., 2008)

The termination speed of photoresponses in Arr2⁵ flies is slower than for wild-type flies.

(Han et al., 2006)

In an electroretinogram of dark-reared, newly eclosed Arr2⁵ mutant flies, photoreceptor receptor cells rapidly depolarise and remain depolarised during the light stimulus, as in wild-type, but once the light stimulus is terminated the photoreceptor cells re-polarise very slowly, taking about four times longer to terminate the response.

Eyes from Arr2⁵ mutant flies exposed to 5 days of constant light show severe retinal degeneration. Large intracellular holes develop and the ommatidial organization is completely lost.

Eyes from Arr2⁵ mutant flies exposed to a 12-hour light/dark cycle from 30 days show severe and almost complete retinal degeneration, with all except the R7 rhabdomere completely missing.

(Orem et al., 2006)

Arr2⁵ mutants display retinal axon termination responses that are comparably slow after both long (3-seconds) and short (0.2-seconds), compared to wild-type.

(Rajaram et al., 2005)

Endocytosis of ninaE is normal in Arr2⁵ mutants.

(Satoh and Ready, 2005)

Light-induced currents of Arr2⁵ photoreceptor cells are almost identical to those of wild-type flies.

4-day-old Arr2⁵ mutants show slightly smaller and abnormally shaped rhabdomeres, relative to wild type.

(Iakhine et al., 2004)

The reduction in electroretinogram (ERG) amplitude seen in flies exposed to constant light is greatly suppressed by Arr2⁵ or Arr2⁵/Arr2^3KQ. However, retinal degeneration and rate of loss of the deep pseudopupil in Arr2⁵/Arr2^3KQ flies exposed to constant light is the same as that seen in wild-type flies exposed to constant light.

(Lee and Montell, 2004)

The termination of the electroretinogram (ERG) response to light is slower in Arr2⁵ flies than in wild-type flies. Preexposure to light has very little impact on the rate of termination of the ERG in Arr2⁵ flies, in contrast to wild-type flies where preexposure to light increases the speed of termination of the ERG response. The termination of the electroretinogram (ERG) response to light is slower in Arr2⁵ flies carrying Arr2^3KQ than in wild-type flies. Preexposure to white light for 10 minutes results in an increase in the rate of termination of the ERG (as occurs in wild-type flies), but the rate of termination is much slower than in wild-type flies.

(Lee et al., 2003)

After 6 days of exposure to continuous room light, null Arr2 mutants exhibit a light dependant retinal degeneration phenotype. The photoreceptor rhabdomeres are present, but numerous large intra cellular vacuoles completely disrupt ommatidial organisation.

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Flies show complete retinal degeneration based on deep pseudopupil analysis after 3-4 days of light exposure. No significant degeneration is seen in the dark, even after several weeks of exposure. Electroretinograms of mutant flies have marked defects in inactivation kinetics, with an increase in the time required to reach 85% inactivation.

(Alloway and Dolph, 1999)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

Arr2⁵ has abnormal neurophysiology phenotype, enhanceable by Camta^tes-2

(Han et al., 2006)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Arr2⁵ has abnormal neurophysiology phenotype, non-suppressible by ninaE¹⁷/Rh3^Rh1+3

(Liu et al., 2008)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

Arr2⁵ is an enhancer of abnormal neurophysiology phenotype of Camta^tes-2

(Han et al., 2006)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of increased cell death phenotype of Arr1¹

(Satoh and Ready, 2005)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of trp⁹

(Wang et al., 2005)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor | partially of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of trp¹⁴

(Wang et al., 2005)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor | partially of abnormal neurophysiology | recessive phenotype of ninaE^pp100

(Iakhine et al., 2004)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor | partially of increased cell death phenotype of ninaE^pp100

(Iakhine et al., 2004)

Arr2⁵/Gαq¹ is a suppressor of increased cell death phenotype of ninaE^pp100

(Iakhine et al., 2004)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

Arr2⁵ has eye photoreceptor cell phenotype, enhanceable by Camta^tes-2

(Han et al., 2006)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Arr2⁵ has retina phenotype, suppressible by su(rdgA)40⁴⁰

(Georgiev et al., 2012)

Arr2⁵ has eye phenotype, suppressible by norpA^EE5

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ has retina phenotype, suppressible by norpA^EE5

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ has ommatidium phenotype, suppressible by norpA^EE5

(Alloway et al., 2000)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Arr2⁵ has ommatidium phenotype, non-suppressible by ninaE¹⁷/Rh3^Rh1+3

(Liu et al., 2008)

Arr2⁵ has eye phenotype, non-suppressible by BacA\p35^GMR.PH

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ has ommatidium phenotype, non-suppressible by BacA\p35^GMR.PH

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ has retina phenotype, non-suppressible by BacA\p35^GMR.PH

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

Arr2⁵ is an enhancer of eye photoreceptor cell phenotype of Camta^tes-2

(Han et al., 2006)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of eye photoreceptor cell phenotype of Arr1¹

(Satoh and Ready, 2005)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of ommatidial cluster & endocytic vesicle phenotype of Arr1¹

(Satoh and Ready, 2005)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of rhabdomere phenotype of Arr1¹

(Satoh and Ready, 2005)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of rhabdomere phenotype of trp⁹

(Wang et al., 2005)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor | partially of rhabdomere phenotype of trp¹⁴

(Wang et al., 2005)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor | partially of retina phenotype of ninaE^pp100

(Iakhine et al., 2004)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor | partially of rhabdomere phenotype of ninaE^pp100

(Iakhine et al., 2004)

Arr2⁵/Gαq¹ is a suppressor of retina phenotype of ninaE^pp100

(Iakhine et al., 2004)

Arr2^3KQ/Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of retina phenotype of norpA^EE5

(Lee et al., 2003)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of eye phenotype of norpA^EE5

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of retina phenotype of norpA^EE5

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of rhabdomere R2 phenotype of norpA^EE5

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of rhabdomere R3 phenotype of norpA^EE5

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of rhabdomere R4 phenotype of norpA^EE5

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of rhabdomere R5 phenotype of norpA^EE5

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of rhabdomere R6 phenotype of norpA^EE5

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of rhabdomere R1 phenotype of norpA^EE5

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of photoreceptor cell R1 phenotype of rdgB⁵

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of photoreceptor cell R2 phenotype of rdgB⁵

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of photoreceptor cell R3 phenotype of rdgB⁵

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of photoreceptor cell R4 phenotype of rdgB⁵

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of photoreceptor cell R5 phenotype of rdgB⁵

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of photoreceptor cell R6 phenotype of rdgB⁵

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of photoreceptor neuron phenotype of rdgB⁵

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Arr2⁵ is a suppressor of retina phenotype of rdgB⁵

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

In whole-cell voltage-clamp recording of dissociated ommatidia from Arr2⁵ flies carrying Rh3^Rh1+3 and mutant for ninaE¹⁷, the response to brief flashes of UV light inactivates normally but then fails to rapidly reach baseline leaving a secondary peak that decays over several seconds.

(Liu et al., 2008)

The average size of the peripheral rhabdomeres in 7 day old tadr¹ ; Arr2⁵ double mutant flies is smaller than that of tadr¹ and Arr2⁵ single mutants.

(Ni et al., 2008)

The termination speed of photoresponses in Camta^tes-2; Arr2⁵ double mutants is much slower than those of either single mutant.

(Han et al., 2006)

When Arr1¹ mutants are also mutant for Arr2⁵, photoreceptor degeneration is suppressed in adults and ninaE endocytosis is restored in pupae.

(Satoh and Ready, 2005)

Arr2⁵ partially suppresses the retinal degeneration seen in trp¹⁴ or trp⁹ single mutant flies when they are maintained under a 12 hour light-12 hour dark cycle; the double mutants contain the normal number of rhabdomeres at 14 days after eclosion, although the size of the rhabdomeres is reduced compared to controls.

(Wang et al., 2005)

Light-induced currents of Arr2⁵, ninaE^pp100 double mutant photoreceptor cells show a large increase in light sensitivity relative to ninaE^pp100 cells, the sensitivity is significantly less than wild-type cells. Arr2⁵, ninaE^pp100 photoreceptors produce anomalous constitutive currents in the dark, like ninaE^pp100 single mutant photoreceptors. In Arr2⁵, ninaE^pp100 double mutants, retinal degeneration is significantly slowed but not abolished, when flies are kept in either constant light or constant darkness.

Gα49B¹; Arr2⁵, ninaE^pp100 triple mutants show a suppression of the retinal degeneration phenotypes seen in ninaE^pp100 single mutants. The triple mutants exhibit only very minor rhabdomeric abnormalities after 40 days.

(Iakhine et al., 2004)

The loss of the deep pseudopupil seen in norpA⁷ animals is suppressed by Arr2⁵/Arr2^3KQ, although the rhabdomeres of these animals reared for 2 weeks in a 12 hour light/12 hour dark cycle do not have normal morphology.

(Lee et al., 2003)

norpA⁷, Arr2⁵ double mutants completely rescue the degeneration observed in individual mutant and result in an ommatidial structure that closely resembles wild-type. The a light dependant retinal degeneration phenotype seen in rdgB⁵ is partially rescued by Arr2⁵. The a light dependant retinal degeneration phenotype seen in Arr2⁵ is not rescued by BacA\p35^GMR.PH.

(Alloway et al., 2000)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Fails to complement

Arr2³

(Alloway and Dolph, 1999)

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (0)

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Arr2⁵

(Senthilan et al., 2012)

Y20STOP

(Alloway and Dolph, 1999)

arr2(Y20STOP)

(Alloway et al., 2000)

arr2(null)

(Alloway et al., 2000)

arr2⁵

(Gu et al., 2020, Mu et al., 2019, Georgiev et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2008, Han et al., 2006, Orem et al., 2006, Merrill et al., 2005, Rajaram et al., 2005, Satoh and Ready, 2005, Wang et al., 2005, Lee and Montell, 2004, Lee and Montell, 2004, Lee et al., 2003, Alloway and Dolph, 1999)

arr2^Y20STOP

(Iakhine et al., 2004)

arr2^null

(Orem et al., 2006)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (18)

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