• Home
• Tools
  • Tools Overview
  • Query Tools

    
    • QuickSearch
    • QueryBuilder
    • TermLink
    • CytoSearch
    • RNA-Seq Search
    • Interactions Browser
    • ImageBrowse
    • Find A Person
    • Google™ FlyBase
  • Genomic/Map Tools

    
    • BLAST
    • GBrowse
    • GBrowse 2 Beta
    • CytoSearch
    • Feature Mapper
    • Aberrations Maps
    • Chromosome Maps
    • Coordinates Converter
  • Retrieve/Convert

    
    • Batch Download
    • Coordinates Converter
    • ID Converter
  • Data Submission

    
    • Fast-Track Your Paper
    • Submit Personal Comm
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
  • People

    
    • Find A Person
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
• Files
  • Files Overview
  • Current release
  • Archived releases
  • Map Conversion
  • FTP site:
  • Releases (FTP)
  • Genomes (FTP)
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequenced Species
  • Synteny Table
  • Color Illustrations
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All Resources
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Other links:
  • BDGP
  • DGRC
  • DIS by issue
  • FlyExpress
  • Interactive Fly
  • modENCODE
  • Textpresso for Fly
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • FlyBase Guides
  • Video Tutorials
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Release
  • Other Archives
  • Coordinate Converter

Allele Dmel\Rel^E20

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\RelE20	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0101572
Feature type	allele	Associated gene	Dmel\Rel
Also Known As	RelishE20
Allele class	loss of function allele
Mutagen	Delta2-3
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	loss of function allele (Kambris et al., 2006)
Mutagen	Delta2-3 (Hedengren et al., 1999)
Mutations Mapped to the Genome
Type Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AF186076
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Progenitor genotype	RelL3141a (Hedengren, 1999.9.14, Hedengren et al., 1999)
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Imprecise excision of the P{lacW} element, removing all four Rel transcription start sites. (Hedengren et al., 1999)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	immune response defective (Kim et al., 2007, Kleino et al., 2008, Hedengren et al., 1999, Leulier et al., 2000, Vodovar et al., 2005, Lu et al., 2001, Ryu et al., 2006, Tang et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Brun et al., 2006, Mueller et al., 2007, Buchon et al., 2009, Costa et al., 2009, Leulier et al., 2006, Chen et al., 2010, Geuking et al., 2009, Gendrin et al., 2009, Overend et al., 2012, Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, Meinander et al., 2012, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008) immune response defective | adult stage (Goto et al., 2008) immune response defective | adult stage | recessive (Brown et al., 2009) viable (Lehmann et al., 2002) visible | cold sensitive (Ayyar et al., 2007) visible | dominant (Ayyar et al., 2007)
Phenotype Manifest In
	dorsocentral bristle | ectopic (Ayyar et al., 2007) macrochaeta | ectopic | cold sensitive (Ayyar et al., 2007) mesothoracic tergum | ectopic | cold sensitive (Ayyar et al., 2007)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Mutant flies show greatly reduced survival compared to wild type after septic injury with Erwinia carotovora carotovora 15. (Meinander et al., 2012) Mutant flies show severely reduced survival in response to infection with E. coli/ (Overend et al., 2012) Homozygous larvae have reduced levels of triacylglycerols compared to wild type. (Rynes et al., 2012) Mutant flies are sensitive to infection with E. cloacae, showing reduced survival after infection compared to the survival of wild-type controls. (Vanha-Aho et al., 2012) Mutant flies show a reduced survival rate compared to control flies after infection with either E.coli or P. aeruginosa. The mutant flies show normal resistance to infection with either S. aureus or A. fumigatus. (Chen et al., 2010) Short term starvation improves the survival and containment of infection of Rel[E20] mutant flies following immune challenge with Gram-negative bacteria. Administering the NO Synthase-inhibitory arginine analog N-Nitro-L-Arginine- Methyl-Ester (L-NAME) but not its inactive enantiomer D-NAME, increased sensitivity to infection once again to levels expected for Rel[E20] mutants. Infection with either gram-negative or gram-positive pathogens results in between 80-90% levels of death in Rel[E20] mutants. Short term starvation (STS)improves the survival rate considerably, with only 40% of STS flies dying in the same period. (Brown et al., 2009) Rel[E20] mutant flies, infected by septic injury with a needle dipped in E. carotovora quickly succumb to the infection, whereas wild-type flies survive. Rel[E20] mutant flies, infected by septic injury with a needle dipped in L. monocytogenes quickly succumb to the infection, whereas wild-type flies survive. (Buchon et al., 2009) Homozygous flies are more sensitive to Cricket Paralysis virus infection (after being injected with the virus) than control flies. (Costa et al., 2009) Rel[E20] flies display an increase in susceptibility and mortality to genital infection (and subsequent infection throughout the body) compared to wild-type controls. There is no apparent difference between E.carotova infection on the outside of the genitalia in Rel[E20] and wild-type flies. However, upon dissection 24 hours after genital infection, bacteria are found in the body cavity of 19% of Rel[E20] mutant flies, while no bacteria are found inside wild-type flies. Consistent with this, there is a weak but significant mortality after genital infection in Rel[E20] flies. Mortality is observed in wild-type, and more strongly in Rel[E20] flies after genital infection with a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (Gendrin et al., 2009) Rel[E20] flies have a reduced survival time compared to controls following challenge with the gram-negative bacteria Erwinia carotovora 15 (Ecc15). (Geuking et al., 2009) Rel[E20] flies show a normal lifespan on dead yeast medium and on live yeast medium. Rel[E20] flies have a low number of living yeast in the gut (assayed as the number of colony-forming units from homogenates of surface-sterilized intestines), as do wild-type flies. (Ha et al., 2009) RelE20 mutants are highly sensitive to Gram-negative bacterial infection. (Goto et al., 2008) Rel[E20] flies show significantly lower survival rates compared to control flies after infection with E.cloacae by septic injury. (Kleino et al., 2008) Rel[E20] mutants show 98% lethality one month after infection with a 1:1 mixture of M. luteus and E.coli, compared to 10% in wild-type. Rel[E20] mutant adults are more sensitive to fungal infection than wild type flies, with 100% lethality at 22 days. This compares to only 55-70% at 30 days in wild type. Rel[E20] mutant larvae show a reduced eclosion rate following injection with M. luteus and E. coli. (Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008) Homozygous flies show ectopic macrochaetae in 38% of heminota analysed at 18[o]C (this phenotype is not seen at 25[o]C). In most cases, one ectopic macrochaeta is seen per heminotum. Heterozygous flies show ectopic dorsocentral bristles in the medial notum in 26% of heminota at 18[o]C. (Ayyar et al., 2007) Mutant flies are defective clearing bacteria after injection with E.coli. (Kim et al., 2007) Homozygous virgin females have significantly higher bacterial counts per fly after infection with S.marcescens compared to their sibling control females. (Mueller et al., 2007) Mutant flies show reduced survival compared to control flies after infection with E.coli, but show normal levels of survival after infection with A.fumigatus. (Brun et al., 2006) RelE20 flies exhibit a dramatically decreased viability when pricked with a needle dipped in a concentrated solution of gram-negative Esherichia coli or Erwinia carotovora. (Kim et al., 2006) Rel[E20] mutant flies are highly susceptible to infection by gram-negative bacteria, and the majority of flies die within 25 hours of septic injury. (Leulier et al., 2006) High mortality levels are observed when RelE20 flies are fed on the ROS-resistant KNU53775 yeast strain but are not observed when they are fed on a standard yeast strain (W303). Wild-type flies do not show the same sensitivity to the KNU53775 strain. RelE20 flies show increased mortality following infection with a Salmonella strain that overexpresses an antioxidant gene, but these flies show no increased mortality following infection with the same Salmonella strain when it does not overexpress the antioxidant gene. Infection of RelE20 flies with an Escherichia coli strain that overexpresses an antioxidant gene leads to host death following severe damage to epithelial cells. Following infection, the midgut of these flies becomes visibly swollen, there is a morphological alteration of its columnar structure and epithelial cells degenerate. Although the visceral musculature appears to remain intact, intestinal cells adopt a flat morphology. This pathology is not seen in controls. (Ryu et al., 2006) Mutant flies show reduced survival rates compared to control flies after bacterial (E.carotovora) infection. (Tang et al., 2006) Mutant animals, like wild-type, are significantly less susceptible to P.aeruginosa PA14 virulent strain after infection with the CF5 avirulent strain. (Apidianakis et al., 2005) RelE20 flies show a normal survival rate after natural infection with "Ecc15" (P.carotovorum.carotovorum). (Ha et al., 2005) Mutant flies show similar survival rates as control flies following natural infection (feeding with contaminated food) with either "Ecc-15" (P.carotovorum.carotovorum), S.cerevisiae or M.luteus. (Ha et al., 2005) RelE20 flies are more susceptible to Psuedomonas entomophila infection that wild-type flies, with both larvae and adults RelE20 flies succumbing faster to infection than wild-type flies. (Vodovar et al., 2005) RelE20 flies exhibit no significant altered sensitivity to viral infection compared to wild-type. (Zambon et al., 2005) RelE20 flies are susceptible to infection by Gram-negative bacteria (P.carotovorum.carotovorum). (Pili-Floury et al., 2004) Mutants show no detectable induction of Dpt, CecA1 and CecA2. Attacin levels are reduced compared to wild type and Drs induction is normal. (Lu et al., 2001) Mutant adults are highly susceptible to infection by E.coli (survival rate is reduced after pricking with an infected needle compared to survival rate of control flies). Mutant adults are not highly susceptible to infection by M.luteus. (Leulier et al., 2000) Mutant flies show the same level of resistance to B.bassiana (when their cuticles are coated with spores) as wild-type flies. (Rutschmann et al., 2000) RelE20 flies do not survive injection with E.cloacae β12 (injection with approximately 2 x 105 bacteria per fly), dying within 17 hours, in contrast to wild-type flies. Lower doses of bacteria also kill the mutant flies (even at an average estimated dose of 0.2 bacteria per fly). The flies are more sensitive to injection with the fungi G.candidum, D.uninucleata or M.anisopliae than wild-type flies, the majority of mutant flies being killed within a week. Larvae show an efficient encapsulation reaction when infested with the parasitoid wasp L.boulardi. Total hemocyte cell number and morphology appears normal and the lymph glands are also not visibly affected. The phagocytic activity of hemocytes after injection with bacteria is indistinguishable from wild type. (Hedengren et al., 1999)
External Data
Linkouts
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference RelE20 has immune response defective phenotype, enhanceable by spz4 (De Gregorio et al., 2002) RelE20 has immune response defective phenotype, enhanceable by Tlr3/Tlrv1 (De Gregorio et al., 2002) RelE20 has visible | dominant phenotype, enhanceable by Dredd[+]/DreddEP1412 (Ayyar et al., 2007) RelE20 has visible | dominant phenotype, enhanceable by Tollo1/Tollo[+] (Ayyar et al., 2007) RelE20 has visible phenotype, enhanceable by scHw-Ua (Ayyar et al., 2007)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference RelE20 has immune response defective phenotype, non-suppressible by edinScer\UAS.cVa/Scer\GAL4c564 (Vanha-Aho et al., 2012)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference RelE20/Rel[+] is an enhancer of visible | dominant phenotype of DreddEP1412 (Ayyar et al., 2007) RelE20/Rel[+] is an enhancer of visible | dominant phenotype of Tollo1 (Ayyar et al., 2007) RelE20 is an enhancer of immune response defective phenotype of spz4 (De Gregorio et al., 2002) RelE20 is an enhancer of visible phenotype of scHw-Ua (Ayyar et al., 2007)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference RelE20, Scer\GAL4S106-GS is a suppressor of immune response defective phenotype of PGRP-LEScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG, Scer\GAL4S106-GS (Libert et al., 2006) RelE20/Rel[+] is a suppressor | partially of lethal phenotype of Atf376 (Rynes et al., 2012) RelE20 is a suppressor of partially lethal - majority die phenotype of PGRP-LF200 (Maillet et al., 2008)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference RelE20 is a non-suppressor of visible | adult stage phenotype of PGRP-LF200 (Maillet et al., 2008)
Other
Statement Reference Dif1, RelE20 has partially lethal - majority die | larval stage phenotype (Matova and Anderson, 2006) Dif1, RelE20 has small body phenotype (Matova and Anderson, 2006) PGRP-LBΔ/Df(2R)PGRP-SCΔ, RelE20, pirkEY00723 has long lived phenotype (Paredes et al., 2011) RelE20, dl1 has partially lethal - majority die | larval stage phenotype (Matova and Anderson, 2006) RelE20, dl1 has small body phenotype (Matova and Anderson, 2006) RelE20, imd1 has immune response defective phenotype (Apidianakis et al., 2005, Apidianakis et al., 2005) RelE20/Rel[+], ird5F22 has immune response defective | dominant phenotype (Costa et al., 2009) RelE20/Rel[+], keyc02831 has immune response defective | dominant phenotype (Costa et al., 2009)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference RelE20 has macrochaeta | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by Dredd[+]/DreddEP1412 (Ayyar et al., 2007) RelE20 has macrochaeta | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by scHw-Ua (Ayyar et al., 2007) RelE20 has macrochaeta | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by Tollo1/Tollo[+] (Ayyar et al., 2007) RelE20 has mesothoracic tergum phenotype, enhanceable by Dredd[+]/DreddEP1412 (Ayyar et al., 2007) RelE20 has mesothoracic tergum phenotype, enhanceable by scHw-Ua (Ayyar et al., 2007) RelE20 has mesothoracic tergum phenotype, enhanceable by Tollo1/Tollo[+] (Ayyar et al., 2007)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference RelE20/Rel[+] is an enhancer of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, egrScer\UAS.cMa (Tsuda et al., 2010) RelE20/Rel[+] is an enhancer of macrochaeta | ectopic phenotype of DreddEP1412 (Ayyar et al., 2007) RelE20/Rel[+] is an enhancer of macrochaeta | ectopic phenotype of Tollo1 (Ayyar et al., 2007) RelE20/Rel[+] is an enhancer of mesothoracic tergum phenotype of DreddEP1412 (Ayyar et al., 2007) RelE20/Rel[+] is an enhancer of mesothoracic tergum phenotype of Tollo1 (Ayyar et al., 2007) RelE20 is an enhancer of macrochaeta | ectopic phenotype of scHw-Ua (Ayyar et al., 2007) RelE20 is an enhancer of mesothoracic tergum phenotype of scHw-Ua (Ayyar et al., 2007)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference RelE20 is a non-suppressor of wing phenotype of PGRP-LF200 (Maillet et al., 2008)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference The increased levels of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols which are seen in Atf3[76] larvae are reduced if the larvae are also heterozygous for Rel[E20]. In addition, heterozygosity for Rel[E20] also reduces the increased levels of free fatty acids seen in Atf3[76] larvae. (Rynes et al., 2012) Expression of edin[Scer\UAS.cVa] under the control of Scer\GAL4[c564] does not suppress the reduced survival of Rel[E20] flies after infection by E. cloacae. (Vanha-Aho et al., 2012) pirk[EY00723], Df(2R)PGRP-SC[Δ]; PGRP-LB[Δ], Rel[E20] flies, with impaired imd pathway activity due to the presence of Dredd or Rel mutations, exhibit an increased lifespan upon oral infection with E. carotovora bacteria, compared to pirk[EY00723], Df(2R)PGRP-SC[Δ]; PGRP-LB[Δ] flies. (Paredes et al., 2011) A Rel[E20] heterozygous background suppresses POSH mediated cell survival, resulting in reduced eye size in flies overexpressing POSH[Scer\UAS.cSa] and egr[Scer\UAS.cMa] in the developing eye disc under the control of Scer\GAL4[GMR.PF]. (Tsuda et al., 2010) key[c02831]/+ ; Rel[E20]/+ double heterozygotes are more sensitive to Cricket Paralysis virus infection (after being injected with the virus) than control flies (neither single heterozygote shows increased sensitivity to Cricket Paralysis virus infection). ird5[F22]/+ ; Rel[E20]/+ double heterozygotes are more sensitive to Cricket Paralysis virus infection (after being injected with the virus) than control flies. (Costa et al., 2009) Rel[E20] does not suppress the notching phenotypes and low adult viability seen in homozygous PGRP-LF[200] mutants. (Maillet et al., 2008) Rel[E20]/+ Tollo[1]/+ double heterozygotes show ectopic bristles in 55% of heminota at 18[o]C, a significant enhancement compared to the single heterozygotes. Dredd[EP1412]/+ Rel[E20]/+ double heterozygotes show ectopic bristles in 58% of heminota at 18[o]C, a significant enhancement compared to the single heterozygotes. sc[Hw-Ua] Rel[E20] flies show one ectopic macrochaeta in 13% of heminota more than one ectopic macrochaeta in 85% of heminota analysed at 18[o]C. (Ayyar et al., 2007) The lower survival rate seen in Jra[IA109] heterozygous flies after infection with E.coli is suppressed if the flies are also heterozygous for Rel[E20]. The lower survival rate seen in Dsp1[EP355] mutant flies after infection with E.coli is suppressed if the flies are also heterozygous for Rel[E20]. The lower survival rate seen in flies expressing Stat92E[dsRNA.Scer\UAS] (either using heat shock to drive expression from the minimal heat shock promoter in the P{UAS-Stat92E.RNAi} construct, or using a Scer\GAL4[da.G32] driver to drive expression) after infection with E.coli is suppressed if the flies are also heterozygous for Rel[E20]. (Kim et al., 2007) The enhanced pathogen resistance phenotype of flies expressing PGRP-LE[Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG] driven by Scer\GAL4[S106-GS] is completely suppressed by homozygous Rel[E20]. (Libert et al., 2006) RelE20 Dif1 double mutant larvae are smaller than wild-type, and about half of the double homozygotes die before reaching adult stages. RelE20 dl1 double mutant larvae are smaller than wild-type, and about half of the double homozygotes die before reaching adult stages. (Matova and Anderson, 2006) RelE20, imd1 double mutant animals are equally susceptible to P.aeruginosa PA14 virulent strain after infection with the CF5 avirulent strain. (Apidianakis et al., 2005) The addition of spz4 or Tlrv1/Tlr3 enhances the susceptibility of RelE20 mutants to E.coli and M.luteus infection. (De Gregorio et al., 2002)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Fails to complement	Relunspecified (Wu et al., 2001)
Rescued by	RelE20 is rescued by RelScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6/Scer\GAL4hs.PB (Hedengren et al., 1999)
Partially rescued by	RelE20 is partially rescued by RelScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6/Scer\GAL4c564 (Ryu et al., 2006) RelE20 is partially rescued by RelScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6/Scer\GAL4cad-em459 (Ryu et al., 2006)
Comments	Expression of RelScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6 in the intestine, driven by Scer\GAL4cad-em459, results in the increased survival rate of RelE20 flies to control levels following infection with the ROS-resistant KNU53775 yeast strain. However, expression of RelScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6 in the fat body, driven by Scer\GAL4c564, does not increase the survival rates of RelE20 flies following KNU53775 infection. In contrast, expression of RelScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6 increases survival rates of RelE20 flies in response to infection with Erwinia carotovora carotovora 15 when driven by Scer\GAL4c564 but does not increase survival when driven with Scer\GAL4cad-em459. (Ryu et al., 2006) RelScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6 rescues the immune defects of RelE20 flies when expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4hs.PB. (Hedengren et al., 1999)
Stocks ( 1 )
Bloomington	9457 w1118; RelE20 es
Notes on Origin
Discoverer
	Induced with: NmdmcE20. (Hedengren et al., 1999)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 9 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Df(3R)E20 (Lehmann et al., 2002) Rel20 (Libert et al., 2006) rel20E (Brown et al., 2009) relE20 (Apidianakis et al., 2005, Park et al., 2004, Boutros et al., 2002, Leulier et al., 2000, Cha et al., 2003, Fullaondo et al., 2011, Rynes et al., 2012, Tang et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Wu et al., 2007, Buchon et al., 2009, Costa et al., 2009, van Uden et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2012) RelE20 (Kambris et al., 2006, Scherfer et al., 2006, Delaney et al., 2006, Ryu et al., 2006, Kambris et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Matova and Anderson, 2006, Akhouayri et al., 2011, Zaidman-Remy et al., 2006, Gendrin et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2007, Buchon et al., 2009, Ayyar et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2006, Ha et al., 2009, Ha et al., 2009, Becker et al., 2010, Wiklund et al., 2009, Chen et al., 2010, Zaidman-Rémy et al., 2011, Choi et al., 2008, Paredes et al., 2011, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008, Vanha-Aho et al., 2012) Rele20 (Clark et al., 2011) relE20 (Wang et al., 2012) RelishE20 (Pili-Floury et al., 2004, Brun et al., 2006, Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Kleino et al., 2008, Geuking et al., 2009, Goto et al., 2008, Meinander et al., 2012, Lhocine et al., 2008, Ryu et al., 2004, Bosco-Drayon et al., 2012) relishE20 (De Gregorio et al., 2002, Castillejo-Lopez and Haecker, 2005, Mueller et al., 2007, Overend et al., 2012)
Name Synonym	relishE20 (Mulinari et al., 2006, Tsuda et al., 2010, Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2011) RelishE20 (Matova and Anderson, 2006, Leulier et al., 2006, Maillet et al., 2008, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 81 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 81 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 75 ) Supplementary material  ( 5 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 14 )
	Bosco-Drayon et al., 2012, Cell Host Microbe 12(2): 153--165 Peptidoglycan Sensing by the Receptor PGRP-LE in the Drosophila Gut Induces Immune Responses to Infectious Bacteria and Tolerance to Microbiota. [FBrf0219236] Meinander et al., 2012, EMBO J. 31(12): 2770--2783 Ubiquitylation of the initiator caspase DREDD is required for innate immune signalling. [FBrf0218688] Overend et al., 2012, Peptides 34(1): 209--218 The receptor guanylate cyclase Gyc76C and a peptide ligand, NPLP1-VQQ, modulate the innate immune IMD pathway in response to salt stress. [FBrf0217783] Rynes et al., 2012, Mol. Cell. Biol. 32(19): 3949--3962 Activating transcription factor 3 regulates immune and metabolic homeostasis. [FBrf0219385] Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Sci. Rep. 2: 210 Drosophila growth-blocking peptide-like factor mediates acute immune reactions during infectious and non-infectious stress. [FBrf0217467] Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(5): e37153 Functional Characterization of the Infection-Inducible Peptide Edin in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218357] Wang et al., 2012, J. Immunol. 188(8): 3993--4000 The Drosophila protein mustard tailors the innate immune response activated by the immune deficiency pathway. [FBrf0217978] Akhouayri et al., 2011, PLoS Pathog. 7(10): e1002319 Toll-8/tollo negatively regulates antimicrobial response in the Drosophila respiratory epithelium. [FBrf0216452] Clark et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(19): 1672--1677 Multiple TGF-β Superfamily Signals Modulate the Adult Drosophila Immune Response. [FBrf0216429] Fullaondo et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Biol. 31(14): 2960--2972 Spn1 Regulates the GNBP3-Dependent Toll Signaling Pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214037] Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(2): e17470 Lack of an antibacterial response defect in Drosophila toll-9 mutant. [FBrf0213211] Paredes et al., 2011, Immunity 35(5): 770--779 Negative Regulation by Amidase PGRPs Shapes the Drosophila Antibacterial Response and Protects the Fly from Innocuous Infection. [FBrf0216727] van Uden et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(1): e1001285 Evolutionary Conserved Regulation of HIF-1β by NF-κB. [FBrf0212948] Zaidman-Rémy et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(2): e17231 Drosophila Immunity: Analysis of PGRP-SB1 Expression, Enzymatic Activity and Function. [FBrf0213192] Show all research papers ...